From: Don MacRaild


Karen,

Thanks for the references. It may be my looseness of terminology, for I'm not
quite sure what is Ulster-Irish and what is Ulster-Scots. I'll pass on your email
to the relevant parties so that they can get in touch. The question was
tangential to the incident of acquittal to which I referred in my original
message. We were ruminating simply on when that harder-edged, Scots-influenced
more gutteral accent spoken by, say Ian Paisley, grew up alongside the softer
(what we might term) southern Irish. Perhaps this is Ulster-Scots rather than
Ulster Irish? I don't know. But it isn't to be confused with the Scots 'dialect'
which some northern Unionists are demanding should be recognised as a third
language for official business in the new political system of Northern Ireland.

Don MacRaild


irish-diaspora[at]Bradford.ac.uk wrote:

> From: KP Corrigan
> Subject: Re: Ir-D Ulster-Irish accent
>
> In addition to the references which Kerby mentioned, you will find further
> information on the (historical) phonology of this N.Eastern variety of
> Ulster English (i.e. Ulster Scots) in the publications below:-
>
> I have some further questions which I wonder if you could help with that
> may allow me to answer your question more precisely:-
>
> 1.) What exactly do you/your friends mean by 'Ulster-Irish' accent?
> 2.) Would it be possible for them/you to contact me with the actual
> recorded comment?
>
> Paterson, David (1860) 'The Provincilaisms of Belfast and Surrounding
> Districts Pointed out and Corrected'. Belfast: No publisher (printed by
> Alexander Mayne))
> One Who Listens (1897) 'Our Ulster Accent and Ulster Provinicialisms'.
> Belfast: Religious Tract and Book Depot.
> Logan, J. (1923) 'Ulster in the X-Rays'. London: A.H. Stockwell.
> O'Neill, M. (1893) 'The Glens and their Speech', "Blackwood's Magazine".
> Edinburgh.
> MacDonagh, M. (1898) "Irish Life and Character". London: Hodder and Stoughton.
> Hume, A. (1858) 'A dialogue in the Ulster dialect, 'wrote down, prentet and
> put out, jist the way the people spakes', "Ulster Journal of Archaeology,
> 6: 40-46.
> ----- (1853) 'Origin and Characteristics of the population in the Counties
> of Down and Antrim', "Ulster Journal of Archaeology, 1:
> 9-26/120-129/246-254.
> ----- (1858) 'The Irish dialect of the English langauge', "Ulster Journal
> of Arch." 6: 47-56.
> ----- (1878) "Remarks on the Irish Dialect of he English Language".
> Liverpool: T. Brackell.
> Russell, C.C. (1910) "The People and Langauge of Ulster". Belfast: McCAw,
> Stevenson and Orr.
> Marshall, W.F. (1936) "Ulster Speaks". London: BBC.
> Connolly, L. (1982) 'Spoken English in Ulkster in the 18th and 19th
> Centuries.' "Ulster Folklife" 28: 33-39. (She also did a PhD on this at
> QUB).
> Williams, R.A. 'Remarks on the Northern Irish pronunciation of English'
> "Modern Languages Quarterly" 6: 129-135.
> Gregg, R.J. (1958) 'Notes on the phonology of a County Antrim Scotch-Irish
> dialect' "Orbis: 7 (2): 392-406.
> Adams, G.B. 'A register of phonological research on Ulster dialetcs', in
> Adams, G.B. (ed.) " Ulster Dialects: An Introductory Symposium". Cultra:
> UFTM.
> Adams, G.B. 'Phonology of the Antrim dialect' I. Histroical Introduction
> with special reference to the problem of vowel length.'. "PRIA" (C): 7 (3):
> 69-152.
> Gregg, R.J. (1959) 'Phonology of the Antrim Dialect. II. Historical
> Phonology'. "Orbis" 8: 400-424.
> Adams, G.B. (1971) 'Ulster dialect origins'. "Ulster Folklife" 17: 99-102.
> Harris, J. (1984) 'English in the North of Ireland' in Trudgill, P. (ed.)
> "Language in the Brtish Isles", pp. 118-131. Cambridge: CUP.
> Harris, J. (1985) "Phonological Variation and Change". Cambridge: CUP.
> Gregg, R.J. (1972) 'The Scotch-Irish dialect boundaries in Ulster' in
> Wakelin, M.F. (ed.) "Patterns in the Folk Speech of the British Isles",
> pp.109-139. London: Athlone Press.
>
> Look forward to hearing from you soon,
>
> Karen.
>
> >From: Don MacRaild
> >Subject: The Ulster-Irish accent
> >
> >Some friends of mine are researching convict transportations to the American
> >colonies and, in the course of talking to me about their work, asked a
> >question
> >which I couldn't answer. It is this: from when, roughly, were people in
> >Ulster
> >(and therefore in the Americas) talking in an Ulster-Irish/Ulster-Scots
> >accent?
> >
> >Their interest in this issue comes from discovering a court case in 1720s
> >Newcastle (England) when an Ulsterman, who, it is recorded, spoke with
> >just such
> >an accent, is acquitted of assault.
> >
> >Can anyone out there help, I wonder?
> >
> >Don MacRaild
>
> ******************************************************************************
> Dr. Karen P. Corrigan,
> Deputy Director, Centre for Research in Linguistics,
> Department of English Literary and Linguistic Studies,
> Percy Building,
> University of Newcastle,
> Newcastle-Upon-Tyne,
> NE1 7RU
> Telephone: 0191 222 7757
> Fax: 0191 222 8708
> E-mail: k.p.corrigan[at]ncl.ac.uk
> http://www.ncl.ac.uk/crl/

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From: KP Corrigan
Subject: Re: Ir-D Ulster-Irish accent

Dear Don,
As a guide, it may help you/your colleagues to know that
'Ulster-Irish'/'Southern Irish' are usually used (linguistically speaking)
to refer only to Irish Gaelic varieties. The dialects of English/Scots in
Ireland are divided according to their sound systems (which in turn depend
on (a.) the type of Irish originally spoken in a particular region and (b.)
the source dialect(s) of England/Scotland which came into contatc with that
Irish variety as a result of colonisation.

Because there is relative homogeneity of the sound system in areas of the
Republic of Ireland outside Donegal, southern varieties of Irish-English
are less distinctive from a dialectological point of view and largely
referred to as 'Southern Irish-English/Hiberno-English'.

The greater diversity of the colonising dialects which came into contact
with varieties of Ulster Irish during the Jacobean period, has brought a
greater heterogeneity to the dialects of the north. We can distinguish
three types:-

(i) 'Core' Ulster Scots (as defined by Gregg (1972)). This is the 'Ian
Paisley' type which Ulster-Scots activists are seeking to have recognised
by the EU, e.g. as a 'Minority language'. It is spoken in most of County
Antrim, north-east Down, parts of Counties Derry and Donegal. The dialect
is often also referred to as 'Scotch-Irish' and is spoken in those areas
where Scottish settlement was at its densest. It is recognizable as a
dialect of Lowland Scots.
(ii) Mid Ulster English. Spoken in the Lagan Valley, stretching
south-westwards from Belfast Lough, south Tyrone, north Monaghan, north
Fermanagh and some coastal parts of central Donegal. This variety is spoken
in areas where Scottish influence was offset by the presence of English
settlers and it is, therefore, a mixed type.
(iii) South Ulster English. The extreme south of Ulster, including south
Armagh, south Monaghan, north Cavan, south Fermanagh and south Donegal.
This is spoken in areas where the pre-dominant non-Irish influence was
English rather than Scottish and can be seen as a transitional dialect
between southern Hiberno-English and types (i) and (ii) above.

If we knew the place of origin of your Ulsterman, then perhaps we could
decide which variey he spoke. Look forward to hearing more,

Karen.



>From: Don MacRaild
>
>
>Karen,
>
>Thanks for the references. It may be my looseness of terminology, for I'm not
>quite sure what is Ulster-Irish and what is Ulster-Scots. I'll pass on
>your email
>to the relevant parties so that they can get in touch. The question was
>tangential to the incident of acquittal to which I referred in my original
>message. We were ruminating simply on when that harder-edged,
>Scots-influenced
>more gutteral accent spoken by, say Ian Paisley, grew up alongside the softer
>(what we might term) southern Irish. Perhaps this is Ulster-Scots rather than
>Ulster Irish? I don't know. But it isn't to be confused with the Scots
>'dialect'
>which some northern Unionists are demanding should be recognised as a third
>language for official business in the new political system of Northern
>Ireland.
>
>Don MacRaild
>
>
>


******************************************************************************
Dr. Karen P. Corrigan,
Deputy Director, Centre for Research in Linguistics,
Department of English Literary and Linguistic Studies,
Percy Building,
University of Newcastle,
Newcastle-Upon-Tyne,
NE1 7RU
Telephone: 0191 222 7757
Fax: 0191 222 8708
E-mail: k.p.corrigan[at]ncl.ac.uk
http://www.ncl.ac.uk/crl/

From Patrick O'Sullivan

I am off, on my travels - our family holiday in Crete. Many members of the Irish-Diaspora
list will know that O'Sullivan family holidays easily degenerate into medical disasters -
so, wish us luck...

My colleague Russell Murray
has kindly agreed to look after the Irish-Diaspora list in my absence.

So that messages sent to
irish-diaspora[at]bradford.ac.uk
will be picked up and distributed in the usual way.

Any messages sent to my personal email addresses will not be dealt with until I return.

P.O'S.

- --
Patrick O'Sullivan
Head of the Irish Diaspora Research Unit

Email Patrick O'Sullivan
Email Patrick O'Sullivan

Irish-Diaspora list
Irish Diaspora Studies http://www.brad.ac.uk/acad/diaspora/

Personal Fax National 0870 284 1580
Fax International +44 870 284 1580

Irish Diaspora Research Unit
Department of Interdisciplinary Human Studies
University of Bradford
Bradford BD7 1DP
Yorkshire
England

From: Don MacRaild
Subject: Re: Ir-D Ulster-Irish accent 6

Thanks Karen, I had a feeling that Ulster Scots/Ulster Irish might be a problem.
Now I see that it is. Things seem to have gone quiet here due to holidays, etc.,
but more on the subject as it transpires. But thanks for a most enlightening
explanation. I shall try to get my categories right from now on!

Don MacRaild


irish-diaspora[at]Bradford.ac.uk wrote:

> From: KP Corrigan
> Subject: Re: Ir-D Ulster-Irish accent
>
> Dear Don,
> As a guide, it may help you/your colleagues to know that
> 'Ulster-Irish'/'Southern Irish' are usually used (linguistically speaking)
> to refer only to Irish Gaelic varieties. The dialects of English/Scots in
> Ireland are divided according to their sound systems (which in turn depend
> on (a.) the type of Irish originally spoken in a particular region and (b.)
> the source dialect(s) of England/Scotland which came into contatc with that
> Irish variety as a result of colonisation.
>
> Because there is relative homogeneity of the sound system in areas of the
> Republic of Ireland outside Donegal, southern varieties of Irish-English
> are less distinctive from a dialectological point of view and largely
> referred to as 'Southern Irish-English/Hiberno-English'.
>
> The greater diversity of the colonising dialects which came into contact
> with varieties of Ulster Irish during the Jacobean period, has brought a
> greater heterogeneity to the dialects of the north. We can distinguish
> three types:-
>
> (i) 'Core' Ulster Scots (as defined by Gregg (1972)). This is the 'Ian
> Paisley' type which Ulster-Scots activists are seeking to have recognised
> by the EU, e.g. as a 'Minority language'. It is spoken in most of County
> Antrim, north-east Down, parts of Counties Derry and Donegal. The dialect
> is often also referred to as 'Scotch-Irish' and is spoken in those areas
> where Scottish settlement was at its densest. It is recognizable as a
> dialect of Lowland Scots.
> (ii) Mid Ulster English. Spoken in the Lagan Valley, stretching
> south-westwards from Belfast Lough, south Tyrone, north Monaghan, north
> Fermanagh and some coastal parts of central Donegal. This variety is spoken
> in areas where Scottish influence was offset by the presence of English
> settlers and it is, therefore, a mixed type.
> (iii) South Ulster English. The extreme south of Ulster, including south
> Armagh, south Monaghan, north Cavan, south Fermanagh and south Donegal.
> This is spoken in areas where the pre-dominant non-Irish influence was
> English rather than Scottish and can be seen as a transitional dialect
> between southern Hiberno-English and types (i) and (ii) above.
>
> If we knew the place of origin of your Ulsterman, then perhaps we could
> decide which variey he spoke. Look forward to hearing more,
>
> Karen.
>
> >From: Don MacRaild
> >
> >
> >Karen,
> >
> >Thanks for the references. It may be my looseness of terminology, for
I'm not
> >quite sure what is Ulster-Irish and what is Ulster-Scots. I'll pass on
> >your email
> >to the relevant parties so that they can get in touch. The question was
> >tangential to the incident of acquittal to which I referred in my original
> >message. We were ruminating simply on when that harder-edged,
> >Scots-influenced
> >more gutteral accent spoken by, say Ian Paisley, grew up alongside the softer
> >(what we might term) southern Irish. Perhaps this is Ulster-Scots rather than
> >Ulster Irish? I don't know. But it isn't to be confused with the Scots
> >'dialect'
> >which some northern Unionists are demanding should be recognised as a third
> >language for official business in the new political system of Northern
> >Ireland.
> >
> >Don MacRaild
> >
> >
> >
>
> ******************************************************************************
> Dr. Karen P. Corrigan,
> Deputy Director, Centre for Research in Linguistics,
> Department of English Literary and Linguistic Studies,
> Percy Building,
> University of Newcastle,
> Newcastle-Upon-Tyne,
> NE1 7RU
> Telephone: 0191 222 7757
> Fax: 0191 222 8708
> E-mail: k.p.corrigan[at]ncl.ac.uk
> http://www.ncl.ac.uk/crl/
Russell Murray
Honorary Visiting Research Fellow
Department of Peace Studies
University of Bradford
United Kingdom

From: "Charles E. Orser"
Subject: Re: Ir-D Archaeological polemic


Dear Alex:
Get in touch with Maggie Ronayne at NUI Galway (Dept. of Archaeology).
She's an expert on the use of archaeology in nation building, etc.
Charles Orser
Russell Murray
Honorary Visiting Research Fellow
Department of Peace Studies
University of Bradford
United Kingdom

From: "noel gilzean"
To: irish-diaspora[at]Bradford.ac.uk
Subject: Re: Ir-D Ulster-Irish accent 4
Date: Mon, 07 Aug 2000 09:00:27 GMT

Hi I am starting to get really confused with this strand. Ulster/Scots seems
to the dialect which some people are campaingning to have recognised as a
language? Ulster/Irish is the Ulster version of the Irish language? Is the
accent a form of Ulster/English? or should it be Ulster/Scots/English as
opposed to Ulster/Irish/English. Me I am off to Rosslare Strand for a week
where I shall fail to think deeply about anything except whether I should
drink Guinness or Murphys.
Noel
Russell Murray
Honorary Visiting Research Fellow
Department of Peace Studies
University of Bradford
United Kingdom

From Patrick O'Sullivan

Back home, from Crete...

From my attic study window, watching the beautiful rain fall on green grass...

Crete was fine - only minor medical emergencies this year. Many points of contact with
Irish history, of course - not least that their major C20th writer, Kazantzakis, was an
embarassing mystic autocrat...

A while ago - wanting to reward myself for all my hard work - I was searching in the
Monteverdi and contemporaries section at the CD and music shop. And came across the work
of Irlando Danieli. The reference books have little on him. Is that name's connection
with 'Irlanda' simply an accident - a variant of 'Orlando'?

The inflight movie on the way back was 'Erin Brokovich' - with Julia Roberts, and that
fine actor Albert Finney giving generous support. Capraesque, I would say - I always like
the way American culture can confront emotion, and sentimentality, head on. I have seen
no comment on the character's name - is 'Erin' any kind of ethnic indicator or assertion?
Or has 'Erin' now become simply one of the list of possible cute first names?

So, back to work.

Our thanks to Russell Murray for looking after things. And apologies for the problems the
list software has caused him. (Russell does not have my experience of dealing with the
psychotic mind...)

I am now dealing with the backlog of queries and contacts. Much good stuff in the
pipeline... And I will reply to all personal messages over the next few days.

P.O'S.



- --
Patrick O'Sullivan
Head of the Irish Diaspora Research Unit

Email Patrick O'Sullivan
Email Patrick O'Sullivan

Irish-Diaspora list
Irish Diaspora Studies http://www.brad.ac.uk/acad/diaspora/

Personal Fax National 0870 284 1580
Fax International +44 870 284 1580

Irish Diaspora Research Unit
Department of Interdisciplinary Human Studies
University of Bradford
Bradford BD7 1DP
Yorkshire
England

>Subject: Ir-D archaeology thanks
>From: "alex peach"
>
>
>I would like to give a (rather late) thanks to all those who have mailed me
>off list and on regarding the hegemonic uses of archaeology and the
>racialisation of the prehistoric subject along national lines. It has been a
>most stimulating topic as I was not aware that so much archaeology was being
>utilised in modern nation building projects. The archaeologists are
>obviously well aware of the uses and abuses of their work and how it can be
>"colonised". It is also obviously a route to government funding for some
>academics.
>
>Best wishes,
>
>Alex Peach.
>DeMontfort University
>Leicester
>UK
>
>

From: Kevin Kenny
Subject: Times editorial

I seem to recall reading a long time ago that a famous
editorial in the London Times, ca. 1860s or 1870s, lamented
in the wake of the famine emigration and the rise of
Irish-American nationalism that "the Irish question has
taken on an American dimension"--or words to that effect.

I wonder if anybody could help me track down that quote?

Many thanks.

Kevin Kenny

----------------------
Kevin Kenny
Associate Professor of History
Department of History, Boston College
140 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467
Phone(617)552-1196; Fax(617)552-3714; kennyka[at]bc.edu
www2.bc.edu/~kennyka/

Forwarded, for information...

P.O'S.


H-NET BOOK REVIEW
Published by EH.Net (August, 2000)

F. Matthew Gallman. _Receiving Erin's Children: Philadelphia,
Liverpool, and the Irish Famine Migration, 1845-1855_. Chapel Hill,
NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2000. xii + 306 pp. $19.95
(paper), ISBN 0-8078-4845-X; $55 (cloth), ISBN 0-8078-2534-4.

Reviewed for EH.Net by Raymond L. Cohn ,
Department of Economics, Illinois State University

Gallman (currently the Henry R. Luce Professor of the Civil War Era
at Gettysburg College) examines the responses of Liverpool and
Philadelphia to new and intensified urban problems that resulted
from Irish immigration during the period of the famine. For each
city, he considers the responses of the public and the Catholic
Church, and explores how the migrants affected health, sanitation,
and crime. Thus, this book is a study in comparative urban history,
where the developments in the two cities are examined during a
period in which "new urban problems were magnified by the thousands
of poor Irish Catholic immigrants" (p. 14).

Gallman's argument is that the responses in each city were
determined by a number of similar influences, but that the specific
response in a particular case also depended on three aspects of
"national distinctiveness." First, government was structured
differently in the two cities, with the central government in
Britain traditionally playing a larger role. Decisions in Liverpool
were frequently affected by Parliamentary actions whereas Congress
never influenced Philadelphia's responses. Second, Americans tended
to be more committed to voluntarism and solved many of the problems
caused by the influx of migrants without resorting to government,
even at the local level. Third, the two cities faced different
options concerning what to do with the migrants and different
economic abilities in helping them. Liverpool was often stuck with
many of the migrants, particularly the poorest ones. Philadelphia
was able to employ many of the migrants and could try to send the
remainder out to the frontier. In addition, Philadelphians seemed
more able economically to provide assistance to the migrants.

Gallman's approach is analytical though he does not use economic
theory or provide numerical estimates. The six substantive chapters
possess the same general framework. Gallman discusses developments
in each city before the famine migration, examines developments in
each city during the migration, and draws conclusions concerning how
the famine migration affected the situation. The book is especially
well grounded in original sources. Gallman has spent a large amount
of time going through contemporary newspapers and urban reports
along with the more recent literature.

Chapter two examines the public response to the migrants. In both
cities, the influx of poor migrants put a strain on public services
in the face of public pressure to keep taxes low and maintain
economic stability. Gallman finds Philadelphia helped the migrants
more through voluntarism than did Liverpool. In chapter three,
Gallman examines the issue of poor relief. In Liverpool,
non-government assistance was sparse, a situation in stark contrast
to Philadelphia where many private organizations greatly expanded
their services.

Chapter four on medical care and chapter five on environmental
reform examine the issue of health. During the famine migration, a
cholera epidemic occurred, though it affected Philadelphia much less
than Liverpool. In both cities, sick immigrants were seen as a
public charge. In Liverpool many were forced into medical wards in
public workhouses or almshouses, whereas Philadelphia's hospitals
expanded their services and philanthropic organizations increased
their assistance. In both cities, efforts were made to limit the
entry of the afflicted, to quarantine them, and to clean up wastes
and "nuisances."

Chapter six on religion and chapter seven on crime and policing
examine the repercussions of the famine migration. Even before the
migration, religion was an issue in schooling in both cities because
the Protestant Bible was traditionally taught. The famine migrants
thus arrived in a heated situation in both cities, though the main
effect of their entry seems to have been that the Catholic Church
expanded its efforts to build parochial schools and churches. The
response was greater in Philadelphia, which is viewed as evidence of
greater American ability to respond. As to crime and policing in
each city, the entry of the famine migrants contributed to street
violence and increased arrest rates for minor crimes but did not
have major effects on either the level of serious crime or the
development of the police forces. Overall, Gallman argues that "the
immigrants were adjusting to, rather than recasting, the established
patterns of the host culture" (p. 210).

The major criticism I have concerning Gallman's book is his choice
of cities to compare. Though Gallman claims that Philadelphia and
Liverpool were sufficiently similar in terms of size, population
growth, importance of the Irish, and migration trends that the
cities make an appropriate comparison on which to draw conclusions
concerning urban decision making, I am not convinced this is the
case. Most of the Irish viewed Liverpool as a city through which
they traveled on their way to the United States or elsewhere, rather
than as a final destination. The port that served the corresponding
function in the United States at the time of the famine was New
York, not Philadelphia. Thus, a much larger number of Irish arrived
in Liverpool than in Philadelphia (so potential effects were larger,
such as with the amount of funds needed for poor relief and the
extent of the disease outbreaks) and a larger percentage of the
Irish arriving in Philadelphia were presumably planning to stay. The
two cities therefore experienced substantially different numbers of
Irish immigrants who were in different situations. Thus, it is
possible that voluntarism would not have taken on the same level of
importance in Philadelphia that it did if the city had been
inundated with the much larger number of migrants who went through
Liverpool. While it is obvious that no set of cities would ever
provide a perfect comparison, and though it might not have changed
his conclusions, I believe Gallman would have better served
comparing Liverpool and New York.

Criticisms aside, Gallman's book is an important work in urban
history. In connection with his other work, he continues to provide
support for the argument that national and local history matters in
affecting how a city reacts to exogenous events.

Copyright (c) 2000 by EH.Net. All rights reserved. This work
may be copied for non-profit educational uses if proper credit
is given to the author and the list. For other permission,
please contact the EH.Net Administrator (administrator[at]eh.net;
Telephone: 513-529-2850; Fax: 513-529-3308).

We have had this message from Boston College, which Philip O'Leary has asked us to share
and distribute.

Please circulate widely. Note that nominations as well as applications are asked for.

P.O'S.


Forwarded on behalf of Philip O'Leary

BOSTON COLLEGE
IRISH STUDIES PROGRAM

Senior Position in Irish Studies

We seek a senior professor (associate or full) to join an established interdisciplinary
Irish Studies program and teach in the English Department. We invite applications from
candidates willing to take a leading role in further developing the program, while also
participating in the department's undergraduate, MA and PhD programs. Candidates should
have proven expertise in Irish literary and cultural history as well as in contemporary
critical methodologies.

We will begin reviewing applications September 15 and continue accepting them until the
position is filled. We anticipate that the successful candidate will take up the position
here in July of 2001 or July of 2002. For further information regarding Boston College's
English Department and Irish Studies Programs, please review their respective WEB
Home-Pages:
www.bc.edu/english
and
www.bc.edu/irish.

Nominations and applications should be addressed to Philip O'Leary, Irish Search Chair,
Department of English, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA. 02467. Boston College is an
AA/EOE employer.



- --
Patrick O'Sullivan
Head of the Irish Diaspora Research Unit

Email Patrick O'Sullivan
Email Patrick O'Sullivan

Irish-Diaspora list
Irish Diaspora Studies http://www.brad.ac.uk/acad/diaspora/

Personal Fax National 0870 284 1580
Fax International +44 870 284 1580

Irish Diaspora Research Unit
Department of Interdisciplinary Human Studies
University of Bradford
Bradford BD7 1DP
Yorkshire
England

Forwarded for information...

P.O'S.

1.
Economic Opportunity on the Urban Frontier: Wealth and Nativity in Early San Francisco

Explorations in Economic History, July 2000, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 258-277(20)

Walker T.R.

University of Chicago

Abstract:

Contemporary historians described mid-19th-century San Francisco as a place of high
economic opportunity. A recent school, the New Western Historians, have argued that
economic opportunity in San Francisco was low, especially for blue-collar workers. Using
quantile regression analysis of wealth data from the 1860 Federal census manuscripts, I
show that the New Western Historians are incorrect. Blue-collar Irish and English men
fared better in San Francisco than men in eastern and midwestern cities. German men had a
pattern of wealth holding that has not been observed elsewhere, which has implications for
our view of how frontier regions were settled. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.

Language: English Document Type: Research article ISSN: 0014-4983

Publisher: Academic Press, 525 B Street, Suite 1900, San Diego, CA, 92101-4495





- --
Patrick O'Sullivan
Head of the Irish Diaspora Research Unit

Email Patrick O'Sullivan
Email Patrick O'Sullivan

Irish-Diaspora list
Irish Diaspora Studies http://www.brad.ac.uk/acad/diaspora/

Personal Fax National 0870 284 1580
Fax International +44 870 284 1580

Irish Diaspora Research Unit
Department of Interdisciplinary Human Studies
University of Bradford
Bradford BD7 1DP
Yorkshire
England

Forwarded for information...

P.O'S.


Gendering the irish diaspora - Questions of enrichment, hybridization and return

Women's Studies International Forum, March 2000, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 167-185(19)

Gray B.[1]

[1]aIrish Centre for Migration Studies, Ionad na h-Imirce, National University of Ireland,
Cork, 6 Bloomfield Terrace, Western Road, Cork, Ireland

Abstract:

This article discusses the gendering of diaspora at three different levels of analysis,
first, in relation to contemporary theorising of diaspora, second, with regard to former
President Robinson's representations, in the 1990s, of Irish identity as a diasporic one
and, finally, with reference to the particularity of the 'lived' experiences of Irish
women's diasporic lives. The tendency towards an asymmetric valorisation of movement over
dwelling in theorisations, discourses, and practices of diaspora produces contradictory
effects as Irish women emigrants are represented both in individualistic and progressive
terms of achievement associated with movement, but also as connected to the national
community and tradition through gendered kin relationships and obligations. The migration
of Traveller women, on the other hand, because Travellers are excluded from the national
and indeed the diasporic 'imagined community', is represented as deviant and regressive
paradoxically making national borders even more significant when it comes to claims to
belong. The accounts of diasporic Irish women discussed in this article are often
painfully stretched between staying-put and moving out, individualism and the burden of
responsibility for the maintenance of Irish culture and identity.

Language: English Document Type: Research article ISSN: 0277-5395

Publisher: Elsevier Science


- --
Patrick O'Sullivan
Head of the Irish Diaspora Research Unit

Email Patrick O'Sullivan
Email Patrick O'Sullivan

Irish-Diaspora list
Irish Diaspora Studies http://www.brad.ac.uk/acad/diaspora/

Personal Fax National 0870 284 1580
Fax International +44 870 284 1580

Irish Diaspora Research Unit
Department of Interdisciplinary Human Studies
University of Bradford
Bradford BD7 1DP
Yorkshire
England

Forwarded for information - this article makes much use of Patrick MacGill...

P.O'S.


'An-abject-and-deplorable-existence': Problems faced by Irish women migratory potato
workers in Scotland in the early twentieth century
Holmes H
FOLK LIFE
38: 42-55 1999

Document type: Article Language: English Cited References: 7 Times Cited: 0

Addresses:
Holmes H, Napier Univ, Dept Print Media Publishing & Communications, Craighouse Rd,
Edinburgh EH10 5LC, Midlothian, Scotland.
Napier Univ, Dept Print Media Publishing & Communications, Edinburgh EH10 5LC, Midlothian,
Scotland.

Publisher:
SOC FOLK LIFE STUD, CARDIFF

IDS Number:
338RR

ISSN:
0430-8778



- --
Patrick O'Sullivan
Head of the Irish Diaspora Research Unit

Email Patrick O'Sullivan
Email Patrick O'Sullivan

Irish-Diaspora list
Irish Diaspora Studies http://www.brad.ac.uk/acad/diaspora/

Personal Fax National 0870 284 1580
Fax International +44 870 284 1580

Irish Diaspora Research Unit
Department of Interdisciplinary Human Studies
University of Bradford
Bradford BD7 1DP
Yorkshire
England

Folk might find this Web site of interest - if only as an example of the popularising of
Irish Diaspora Studies.
Mother Jones is there, plus the Molly Maguires. And a rather suspect PHOTOGRAPH -
illustrating the Irish Famine. I have not been able to place that photograph - still
thinking about it...

P.O'S.

Mining Safety

http://www.msha.gov/CENTURY/CENTURY.HTM

The Irish in Mining

- --
Patrick O'Sullivan
Head of the Irish Diaspora Research Unit

Email Patrick O'Sullivan
Email Patrick O'Sullivan

Irish-Diaspora list
Irish Diaspora Studies http://www.brad.ac.uk/acad/diaspora/

Personal Fax National 0870 284 1580
Fax International +44 870 284 1580

Irish Diaspora Research Unit
Department of Interdisciplinary Human Studies
University of Bradford
Bradford BD7 1DP
Yorkshire
England

From: Peter David Hart
To: irish-diaspora[at]Bradford.ac.uk
Subject: Re: Ir-D Irlando and Erin


I can honestly assert that Erin as a name has nothing to do with ethnicity
or identity - anymore than Liam or Sean. They are just uprooted trendy
names like `Heather' and other faux Scots names used to be in bygone days.
Its the fine old Irish Prod names I miss - like Goodhand. Bring back
Goodhand!

Peter Hart

On Sat, 26 Aug 2000 irish-diaspora[at]Bradford.ac.uk wrote:

>
> From Patrick O'Sullivan
>
> Back home, from Crete...
>
> From my attic study window, watching the beautiful rain fall on green grass...
>
> Crete was fine - only minor medical emergencies this year. Many points of contact with
> Irish history, of course - not least that their major C20th writer, Kazantzakis, was an
> embarassing mystic autocrat...
>
> A while ago - wanting to reward myself for all my hard work - I was searching in the
> Monteverdi and contemporaries section at the CD and music shop. And came across the
work
> of Irlando Danieli. The reference books have little on him. Is that name's connection
> with 'Irlanda' simply an accident - a variant of 'Orlando'?
>
> The inflight movie on the way back was 'Erin Brokovich' - with Julia Roberts, and that
> fine actor Albert Finney giving generous support. Capraesque, I would say - I always
like
> the way American culture can confront emotion, and sentimentality, head on. I have seen
> no comment on the character's name - is 'Erin' any kind of ethnic indicator or
assertion?
> Or has 'Erin' now become simply one of the list of possible cute first names?
>
> So, back to work.
>
> Our thanks to Russell Murray for looking after things. And apologies for the problems
the
> list software has caused him. (Russell does not have my experience of dealing with the
> psychotic mind...)
>
> I am now dealing with the backlog of queries and contacts. Much good stuff in the
> pipeline... And I will reply to all personal messages over the next few days.
>
> P.O'S.
>
>
>
> --
> Patrick O'Sullivan
> Head of the Irish Diaspora Research Unit
>
> Email Patrick O'Sullivan
> Email Patrick O'Sullivan
>
> Irish-Diaspora list
> Irish Diaspora Studies http://www.brad.ac.uk/acad/diaspora/
>
> Personal Fax National 0870 284 1580
> Fax International +44 870 284 1580
>
> Irish Diaspora Research Unit
> Department of Interdisciplinary Human Studies
> University of Bradford
> Bradford BD7 1DP
> Yorkshire
> England
>
>

From: DanCas1[at]aol.com
Subject: Re: London Times

Dear Kevin:

I am in moving my office so I could not access my files. However, one "clue"
comes to mind. In Thomas Gallagher's "Paddys' Lament" p. 151, is a quotation
from the London Times, which Gallagher ostensibly located in The Nation of
May 5, 1860: "If this [exodus] goes on, as it is likely to go on...the United
States will become very Irish...So an Ireland there will still be, but on a
colossal scale, and in a new world. We have only pushed the Celt westwards.
Then, no longer cooped up between the Liffey and the Shannon, he will spread
from New York to San Francisco, and keep up the ancient feud at an unforeseen
advantage."

There was no citation for the issue of the Times from which this was gleaned.

Good Luck,

Daniel Cassidy
San Francisco

From: KP Corrigan

Dear Noel,
Sorry not to have replied sooner, but I'm just back from some very
interesting conferences in Belfast (DIALECT2000: Language Links) where the
very issues you raise took a severe beating one way or another!

Sorry about any possible confusion caused by my earlier drone. You have,
indeed, got it right - at least from the perspective of a linguist -
Language activists - as I discovered in Belfast - have altogether different
views and even academics do not entirely agree as you can see from the
following:-

Todd (1999): [Ulster Scots is] "a variety of Scottish English"
Kirk (in press): [Ulster Scots is] "a dialect of English"
Harris (1984): [Ulster Scots is] "a dialect of Lowland Scots"
Robinson (1997): [Ulster Scots is] "a close relative of the language called
Scots/a language in its own right".

Ulster Scots, as a result of the Good Friday Agreement, has now been given
official recognition as a language of N.I. by both UK and Irish
governments. Technically speaking, however, it is a 'dialect' of English on
account of the fact that it meets Trudgill's (1983) criterion of "mutual
intelligibility". In other words, speakers of Ulster Scots can communicate
with speakers of Ulster English and vice-versa with neither having to be
bilingual for mutual understanding to take place.

Irish (including the Ulster dialects), as a result of the Good Friday
Agreement, has now also been given official recognition as a language of
N.I. by both the UK and Irish governments. Technically speaking, it is a
'language' separate from English in that the two are not mutually
intelligible.

The accent of 'Ulster Scots' is a Northern Irish variety of Scottish
English, so Noel's designation of it as 'Ulster Scots English' is an
apporporiate one. This accent then contrasts with all other accents of
English spoken in Northern Ireland.

If anyone wishes to follow these issues further, they should take a look at
the following collections:-
Mac Poilin, A. (ed.) (1997) "The Irish Language in Northern Ireland."
Belfast: Ulster Trust. ISBN: 0-9516466-3-x
Malory, J.P. (ed.) (1999) "Language in Ulster". (Special Issue of "Ulster
Folklife" vol. 45). ISSN:0082 7347

There will also be a number of publications arising from "Dialect 2000:
Language Links" which I will send to the list in due course.

Was it Guinness or Murphy's, Noel?

Karen.

>From: "noel gilzean"
>To: irish-diaspora[at]Bradford.ac.uk
>Subject: Re: Ir-D Ulster-Irish accent 4
>Date: Mon, 07 Aug 2000 09:00:27 GMT
>
>Hi I am starting to get really confused with this strand. Ulster/Scots seems
>to the dialect which some people are campaingning to have recognised as a
>language? Ulster/Irish is the Ulster version of the Irish language? Is the
>accent a form of Ulster/English? or should it be Ulster/Scots/English as
>opposed to Ulster/Irish/English. Me I am off to Rosslare Strand for a week
>where I shall fail to think deeply about anything except whether I should
>drink Guinness or Murphys.
>Noel
>Russell Murray
>Honorary Visiting Research Fellow
>Department of Peace Studies
>University of Bradford
>United Kingdom


******************************************************************************
Dr. Karen P. Corrigan,
Deputy Director, Centre for Research in Linguistics,
Department of English Literary and Linguistic Studies,
Percy Building,
University of Newcastle,
Newcastle-Upon-Tyne,
NE1 7RU
Telephone: 0191 222 7757
Fax: 0191 222 8708
E-mail: k.p.corrigan[at]ncl.ac.uk
http://www.ncl.ac.uk/crl/

From: Marion R Casey
Subject: Re: Ir-D The Irish in Mining, USA

Hi Paddy,

That photograph is reproduced in OUT OF IRELAND: THE STORY OF IRISH
EMIGRATION TO AMERICA, Kerby Miller & Paul Wagner (Washington, DC:
Elliott & Clark Publishing, 1994), p. 28. If I remember correctly,
it's part of a series taken at the same time -- much later than the
Famine -- like after photography was invented. But it's reminiscent of
those taken by Jacob Riis to expose tenement conditions in New York
City at the end of the last century, i.e. probably posed.

Marion




- ----- Original Message -----
From: irish-diaspora[at]Bradford.ac.uk
Date: Wednesday, August 30, 2000 6:06 am
Subject: Ir-D The Irish in Mining, USA

>
> Folk might find this Web site of interest - if only as an example
> of the popularising of
> Irish Diaspora Studies.
> Mother Jones is there, plus the Molly Maguires. And a rather
> suspect PHOTOGRAPH -
> illustrating the Irish Famine. I have not been able to place that
> photograph - still
> thinking about it...
>
> P.O'S.
>
> Mining Safety
>
> http://www.msha.gov/CENTURY/CENTURY.HTM
>
> The Irish in Mining
>
> --
> Patrick O'Sullivan
> Head of the Irish Diaspora Research Unit
>
> Email Patrick O'Sullivan
> Email Patrick O'Sullivan
>
> Irish-Diaspora list
> Irish Diaspora Studies http://www.brad.ac.u
>
> Personal Fax National 0870 284 1580
> Fax International +44 870 284 1580
>
> Irish Diaspora Research Unit
> Department of Interdisciplinary Human Studies
> University of Bradford
> Bradford BD7 1DP
> Yorkshire
> England
>
>

From: "noel gilzean"
Subject: Irish Travellers

Here is an extract from the Guardian newspaper regarding a legal decision
concerning Irish Travelers.
Travellers win race ruling
Rebecca Allison
The Guardian Wednesday August 30, 2000

Irish travellers are a separate ethnic group entitled to the same protection
under the Race Relations Act as other ethnic minorities in Britain, a court
ruled yesterday.
The decision was taken by a judge presiding over the case of eight
travellers, who are claiming racial discrimination against five London pubs
they say refused to serve them because of their ethnic origin.
Lawyers for Punch Retail, owners of three of the pubs, argued that the
travellerswere not covered by the Race Relations Act so could not bring the
case. But Judge Goldstein rejected the claims at a pre liminary hearing at
Central London county court yesterday, saying Irish travellers had a shared
history stretching back to the mid 19th century and should be given
protection as an "ethnic group".
"Modern Irish travellers are guided by the culture and traditions which have
been handed down by generations. They do not go around reading history, they
practise it."
He said that to exclude Irish travellers from protection under the Race
Relations Act would leave three glaring anomalies - the appeal court had
decided Romany Gypsies were covered by the legislation and the two groups
shared many characteristics; it would fly in the face of the broad
provisions against discrimination provided by the European convention on
human rights and the group already enjoyed protection in Ulster under the
Northern Ireland Race Relations Order.
Four of the travellers, Patrick O'Leary and Michael, Margaret and Kathleen
Kiely, were in court to hear the verdict, and said in a statement: "We hope
this success will encourage other Irish travellers to use the law whenever
they are discriminated against."
The travellers claim they were refused service in April 1998. Punch Retail
was given 42 days to lodge an appeal before a trial date is set.
Noel
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