With the end of the ESRC Transnational Communities Programme in sight - the
Programme itself ends in September 2002 - the key players are looking to the
future, with the development of a new journal, to be published by Blackwell.

Global Networks, a journal of transnational affairs, already has a Web
site...
http://www.globalnetworksjournal.com

There are some samples there. It is also possible to get a free printed
copy by emailing
jnlsamples[at]blackwellpublishers.co.uk

The journal is edited by Alisdair Rogers (Oxford), Steve Vertovec (Oxford)
and Robin Cohen (Warwick), with Regional Editors dotted around the world.

The Blackwell involvement will mean that subscribers will have access to a
full version of the journal on the Web.
See www.blackwellpub.com

This journal is, perhaps, likely to be important in the thinking about our
work - or it might simply lead to the re-arranging of abstract nouns in new
patterns. We'll see...

P.O'S.

- --
Patrick O'Sullivan
Head of the Irish Diaspora Research Unit

Email Patrick O'Sullivan
Email Patrick O'Sullivan

Irish-Diaspora list
Irish Diaspora Studies http://www.brad.ac.uk/acad/diaspora/

Personal Fax National 0870 284 1580
Fax International +44 870 284 1580

Irish Diaspora Research Unit
Department of Interdisciplinary Human Studies
University of Bradford
Bradford BD7 1DP
Yorkshire
England

There is a new issue, dated Autumn 2000, of Transcomm News, the official
Newsletter of the ESRC Transnational Communities Programme.

The text of the Newsletter can usually be found at the Web site...
http://www.transcomm.ox.ac.uk

Or contact the Programme's new Administrator
Emma Newcombe

The Newsletter includes an account of the Writing Diasporas Conference,
Swansea, 20-23 September, 2000.

P.O'S.

- --
Patrick O'Sullivan
Head of the Irish Diaspora Research Unit

Email Patrick O'Sullivan
Email Patrick O'Sullivan

Irish-Diaspora list
Irish Diaspora Studies http://www.brad.ac.uk/acad/diaspora/

Personal Fax National 0870 284 1580
Fax International +44 870 284 1580

Irish Diaspora Research Unit
Department of Interdisciplinary Human Studies
University of Bradford
Bradford BD7 1DP
Yorkshire
England

Dale,

The text has been published, and you would not need permission to quote, in
the scholarly, fair play, usual way.

The citation would then be
David Fitzpatrick
'Battle in the Books 5: How Irish was the Diaspora from Ireland?'
British Association for Irish Studies Newsletter NO. 25, January 2001, pp
5-9.

Does that look right to everybody?

As I said earlier, David might publish a more formal, academic version of
this paper at a later date - but, at this stage, I know nothing more about
that.

If you do want to contact David Fitzpatrick simply write to him, at Trinity
College, Dublin. As we have noted before on the Ir-D list he is a most
helpful person - but he actively dislikes things like email...

P.O'S.



- -----Original Message-----


From: "Dale B. Light"
Subject: Re: Ir-D David Fitzpatrick on Irish Diaspora

Dear Mr. O'Sullivan,

I am currently writing a book on the construction of an Irish ethnic
community in nineteenth century Philadelphia. I found David Fitzpatrick's
comments extremely interesting and would like to cite them in my book.
Could you provide me with his address so I can get his permission to do so?

Thank you,

Dale B. Light




At 07:00 PM 1/22/01 +0000, you wrote:
>
>>From Email Patrick O'Sullivan
>
>It will be recalled that, in a recent Ir-D message giving an outline of the
>British Association for Irish Studies Newsletter, I noted that it contained
>a version of David Fitzpatrick's paper, from the recent Irish Diaspora
>conference at the University of North London.
>
>I was asked if it would be possible to distribute David Fitzpatrick's paper
>through the Irish-Diaspora list.
>
>I am pleased to be able to report that David Fitzpatrick has given his
>permission for this distribution. Our thanks to David and to Jerry Nolan,
>the Editor of the BAIS Newsletter.
>
>The paper is some 2500 words in long. Mindful that many Ir-D members are
on
>older computer systems with limited internet access, I have divided the
>paper into two emails, which will follow this one as...
>Ir-D Fitzpatrick 1
>and
>Ir-D Fitzpatrick 2BAIS NEWSLETTER NO. 25
>January 2001
>Battle in the Books 5: How Irish was the Irish Diaspora?
>by David Fitzpatrick
>
>These emails are still quite long, but, I hope, acceptable. I have
numbered
>David Fitzpatrick's paragraphs, but otherwise the paper is as it
appeared...
>
>BAIS NEWSLETTER NO. 25
>January 2001
>Battle in the Books 5: How Irish was the Irish Diaspora?
>by David Fitzpatrick
>
>Neither David Fitzpatrick nor Jerry Nolan are members of the Irish-Diaspora
>list. They have asked if they can be informed of any subsequent discussion
>of David's paper.
>
>This paper is distributed only for discussion within the Irish-Diaspora
>list. Copyright remains with David Fitzpatrick. Note that this is an
>informal version of the paper - a full academic version of the paper may
>appear elsewhere at a later date.
>
>Again, our thanks to David for this courtesy.
>
>Patrick O'Sullivan
>

From Email Patrick O'Sullivan

I must add a footnote to Graham Davis's report. For I was that person
making the introductions in that big room in the Irish Embassy. We, the
Irish Diaspora scholarly community, are all so scattered, that it seemed
right to seize the opportunity when so many of us were in one room. We were
able to walk round - well, sidle and push round - and quickly map out the
main elements of The Irish Empire series. As a wise and good man said,
often, 'I love it when a plan comes together.'

There have been a number of discussions, on and off the Ir-D list, about
working with the television folk - so that Grahan's enthusiastic account
will ring bells for many people. Yes, that is what television folk do...
You help them set up as television series about the Irish Diaspora. And
they will risk 'life and limb', capturing action shots with horses and
calves...

P.O'S.

- --
Patrick O'Sullivan
Head of the Irish Diaspora Research Unit

Email Patrick O'Sullivan
Email Patrick O'Sullivan

Irish-Diaspora list
Irish Diaspora Studies http://www.brad.ac.uk/acad/diaspora/

Personal Fax National 0870 284 1580
Fax International +44 870 284 1580

Irish Diaspora Research Unit
Department of Interdisciplinary Human Studies
University of Bradford
Bradford BD7 1DP
Yorkshire
England

Forwarded, with permission, from

BOOKVIEW IRELAND
_______________________________________________________________________
Editor: Pauline Ferrie February, 2001 Issue No.67


> > > > > > > > > REVIEWS . "Irish America" by Maureen Dezsell,
re-examines the Irish-American identity, going behind the stereotypes
and tracing the changing makeup of the Irish population in the US.
The author is a staff writer with the Boston Globe.

The Irish Emigrant - Book Review
Cathedral Building, Middle Street, Galway, Ireland.
Editor: Pauline Ferrie

Tel: +353-91-569158 email: ferrie[at]emigrant.ie Fax: +353-91-569178

Forwarded on behalf of
New College of California

FROM the GOLDEN GATE to GOTHAM: The Forgotten Story of the Fenian
Brotherhood in America
The story of the Irish in nineteenth century America has been rather myopic.
Lost amid tales of Irish immigration, American nativism, and ultimate
assimilation has been the story of the Fenian Brotherhood. Unfortunately,
the history of the Fenian Brotherhood has been largely forgotten; where it
has been told, the movement is often portrayed as one composed of
carnivalesque conspirators and idealistic rubes. But there are alternative,
and perhaps better, ways to analyze the Fenians: by serving as a pillar of
the community, they provided important links to earlier and subsequent
nationalist organizations; by providing valuable social outlets, they
maintained and developed a distinctly Irish American identity. This workshop
will offer a new interpretation of this fascinating movement. Timothy Lynch
will be presenting this workshop from 10:00 a.m.-4:00 p.m. on Saturday, May
5th, at 766 Valencia Street. Mr. Lynch is a doctoral candidate in American
History at the City University of New York. His dissertation is an
investigation and analysis of the Fenian Brotherhood in New York City from
1858 to 1886.

Best,

Molly Malloy
Assistant to the President
New College of California
(415) 437-3471- Office
(415) 437-3469- FAX

From: Enda Delaney
Subject: Irish-born in Canada, 1951-1991

I am trying to compile a table of the geographical distribution
of the Irish-born population (32 counties) outside of Ireland
from 1921 until 1991 (Australia, Canada, United States,
Britain). Much of the pre-1951 data are contained in the Reports
of the Commission on Emigration and Other Population Problems
(1955), but after 1951 I am having difficulty obtaining data for
the Irish-born population in Canada. Statistics Canada 'sold' me
data, but it related to ethnicity rather than birthplace, which
is, of course, a different thing. Does anyone know if (a)
birthplace data were collected in Canada from 1951 until 1991
and (b) a convenient source, apart from the census which is not
held by QUB library, for the numbers of Irish-born 1951-1991?

Thanks

Enda Delaney

The following item appeared in Irish Studies News, the Newsletter, edited by
Brian Griffin, of the Irish Studies Courses at Bath Spa University College.

It appears here through the courtesy of the author, Graham Davis.


An insight into the making of The Irish Empire
by Graham Davis

My involvement with the making of the documentary film series, The Irish
Empire, began when I was introduced at the Irish Embassy in London to
Ritchie Cogan, the series producer, and Therese Randall of Café Productions,
London. They were contacting scholars in the field and gathering ideas for
a five part series on Irish emigration. An American documentary on the same
subject had not long been made and was panned by the critics. I remember
reading an especially hostile review by Charles Fanning of Southern Illinois
University. So there was a lot of sensitivity and anxiety about wanting to
represent all shades of academic opinion whilst telling the stories of Irish
emigrants.

I met Ritchie Hogan a few more times to discuss ideas before being invited
to a seminar held in London where all the film producers, Irish and
Australian, were gathered together to present their ideas for their
respective programmes. Three academic consultants had sent in detailed
reports on suggested themes and issues to be addressed. My humble role was
to respond to the ideas of the film producers as they wrestled with an
abundance of material and a strict limit of fifty minutes per programme.
Who were the Irish? Was there a separate female emigrant experience? Was
there too great an emphasis on the American-Irish story at the expense of
other destinations within the diaspora? These were some of the issues that
came up. What was encouraging to me was that virtually everyone who was
active in the field appeared to be involved, not least the big names, Kerby
Miller, and Donald Akenson, but also younger scholars from all over. It was
evident that filming and interviewing would be world wide.

It was eventually decided to have one programme, A World Apart, devoted to
female emigrants. The producer, Dearbhla Walsh, wanted subjects to
interview, and I suggested that Louise 0?Connor, the descendant of Thomas 0?
Connor, who left Ireland for Texas in 1834, would make an excellent example
of an Irish success story. Louise overcame an initial reluctance to be
interviewed, and having met Derbhla and her assistant, Olive Howe, in
Dublin, was convinced of the professionalism of the project. It was agreed
to do the interview on the 0?Connor ranch, near Victoria, Texas. Louise
asked if I could be there during the filming process, so I flew out to Texas
in November 1998, spending a few days at the ranch and taking the
opportunity to research some deed records at the Refugio County Record
Office. The film crew had arrived the day before I did, taking landscape
shots, and spending the evening in something of a riotous party at the
ranch. I found the Irish and the Texans have much in common, not the least,
great conviviality and humour. The next day a full day?s filming took
place, from sun-up to sundown. Louise and I were both interviewed
separately on audio tape and in front of the camera. No scripts were
written. It was all spontaneous and extempore ? all to be edited and mixed
in later on. Louise was filmed doing her own photography and interviewing
an old Mexican cowboy. She proved to be an absolute natural on camera and
delighted the producer and crew. I was made to stand in front of the Texan
landscape and explain how the Irish came to Texas. Derbhla insisted I wore
a pair of jeans and open-neck shirt. Louise also laid on for the benefit of
the cameras, a mini rodeo and barbeque. Texan, Mexican and Black cowboys
treated us to an impressive display of horsemanship and roping skills as the
sun went down. The film crew risked life and limb in capturing action
shots in the ring with the horses and calves. They did succeed in
portraying Texas ranching which was the original basis of the 0?Connor
story.

The whole series has now been shown in Ireland, Australia and Britain, and
yet to go out on PBS television in the United States. It has been well
received by the critics and succeeded in reflecting the conflicts of opinion
in diaspora studies. It avoids the trap of sentimentality and
over-simplicity, fully depicting the diversity of the Irish emigrant
experience and how it has changed and continues to change over time. The
series does not attempt to offer a polemic but allows the viewer to take
what they want from a variety of academic opinion and individual stories.
For me, the whole experience has been enjoyable and productive. The Irish
Empire constitutes a valuable teaching resource for Irish Studies that
benefits our students.

Graham Davis

From: Liz Newton
Subject: Re: Ir-D Irish-born in Canada, 1951-1991

the prairie research unit at the university of regina may be able to put
you in touch with a couple of people who are interested in research on
the irish in western canada. you might access through the u of regina
web page at www.uregina.ca

Liz

irish-diaspora[at]Bradford.ac.uk wrote:

> From: Enda Delaney
> Subject: Irish-born in Canada, 1951-1991
>
> I am trying to compile a table of the geographical distribution
> of the Irish-born population (32 counties) outside of Ireland
> from 1921 until 1991 (Australia, Canada, United States,
> Britain). Much of the pre-1951 data are contained in the Reports
> of the Commission on Emigration and Other Population Problems
> (1955), but after 1951 I am having difficulty obtaining data for
> the Irish-born population in Canada. Statistics Canada 'sold' me
> data, but it related to ethnicity rather than birthplace, which
> is, of course, a different thing. Does anyone know if (a)
> birthplace data were collected in Canada from 1951 until 1991
> and (b) a convenient source, apart from the census which is not
> held by QUB library, for the numbers of Irish-born 1951-1991?
>
> Thanks
>
> Enda Delaney

From Email Patrick O'Sullivan

Enda,

I see your problem.

I had thought the Canadian material some of the most accessible, but, of
course, the readily accessible statistics give birth place as just United
Kingdom, which (I suppose) includes Northern Ireland. The rest of Ireland
seems to then become 'Other Northern and Western Europe'...
http://www.statcan.ca/english/Pgdb/People/popula.htm

Once again it seems we would have to go down into the samples and the
schedules.

One of my favourite Web guides - because it is so clear and helpful - is

John Blackwell's Guide to Canadian Studies
http://www.iccs-ciec.ca/blackwell.html

That would suggest looking at things like
Historical Statistics of Canada, edited by F.H. Leacy
http://www.statcan.ca/english/freepub/11-516-XIE/sectiona/toc.htm

Which, I have to say, I have not as yet explored in depth...

Paddy

- --
Patrick O'Sullivan
Head of the Irish Diaspora Research Unit

Email Patrick O'Sullivan
Email Patrick O'Sullivan

Irish-Diaspora list
Irish Diaspora Studies http://www.brad.ac.uk/acad/diaspora/

Personal Fax National 0870 284 1580
Fax International +44 870 284 1580

Irish Diaspora Research Unit
Department of Interdisciplinary Human Studies
University of Bradford
Bradford BD7 1DP
Yorkshire
England

Forwarded for information...

From: "Van Gosse"

CITIZENSHIP, NATIONAL IDENTITY, RACE, AND DIASPORA IN CONTEMPORARY EUROPE

Radical History Review invites contributions for a special issue on
contemporary Europe, broadly construed to include the (post)colonies of
Europe as well as the USSR and its successor states since 1945.

We encourage both monographic articles and broader essays that place Europe
in global, diasporic, and transnational perspective; foreground issues of
race, class, gender, sexuality, and cultural/ethnic/religious identity;
recognize the existence of many "Europes," not just Eastern and Western;
address questions of public history, collective memory, and the "history
wars"; examine problems of political economy, state formation, social
movements, and political contention from below as well as from above;
suggest new directions in European history; and deal self-reflexively and
politically with what it means to be a historian of "Europe."

Time is of the essence. Submissions are due 2 APRIL 2001. Please send
copies of your submission to Ian C. Fletcher, 505 Brookhaven Way, Atlanta
GA 30319 USA *and* Van Gosse, 2933 Hickory Street, Alexandria VA 22305 USA.
Decisions on acceptance will be prompt.

From: Liz Newton
Subject: Re: Ir-D Irish-born in Canada 3

enda, the research unit i was thinking of yesterday is the canadian plains
research centre at u. of regina, not prairie research as i said ( prairie
justice research is the correct title of that unit, so mostly justice
topics).
The most recent issue of their journal had two articles on the irish in
saskatchewan, so the authors may be able to help.

Liz

irish-diaspora[at]Bradford.ac.uk wrote:

> >From Email Patrick O'Sullivan
>
> Enda,
>
> I see your problem.
>
> I had thought the Canadian material some of the most accessible, but, of
> course, the readily accessible statistics give birth place as just United
> Kingdom, which (I suppose) includes Northern Ireland. The rest of Ireland
> seems to then become 'Other Northern and Western Europe'...
> http://www.statcan.ca/english/Pgdb/People/popula.htm
>
> Once again it seems we would have to go down into the samples and the
> schedules.
>
> One of my favourite Web guides - because it is so clear and helpful - is
>
> John Blackwell's Guide to Canadian Studies
> http://www.iccs-ciec.ca/blackwell.html
>
> That would suggest looking at things like
> Historical Statistics of Canada, edited by F.H. Leacy
> http://www.statcan.ca/english/freepub/11-516-XIE/sectiona/toc.htm
>
> Which, I have to say, I have not as yet explored in depth...
>
> Paddy
> England

Forwarded for information...

From: "Brian P. Levack"


There has been a change in the composition of the British Council Prize
Committee for 2001. Copied below is the revised announcement of the
2001 competition for this award:

BRITISH COUNCIL PRIZE 2001 COMPETITION The BRITISH
COUNCIL PRIZE of $1,000 is awarded annually by the North American
Conference on British Studies for the best book published anywhere by a
North American scholar on any aspect of British studies dealing with
the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The author must be a citizen
or permanent resident of the United States or Canada and be living in
either country. Nominations may be made by the author or by the
publisher of the book nominated. A publisher may nominate more than
one title each year but should use discretion and not overburden the
Prize Committee. The 2001 competition covers books published in 2000.
Separate copies of the letter of nomination and of the book nominated
should be sent by April 1, 2001 to each member of the Prize
Committee.  For prompt attention, mark packages "NACBS Prize
Committee." Send all relevant materials to: Professor Dane Kennedy,
Chair, British Council Prize Committee, Department of History, George
Washington University, Washington DC 20052; Professor Victor Bailey,
Hall Center for the Humanities, 1540 Sunflower Road, Lawrence, KS
66045-7618; Professor Susan Pedersen, Center for European Studies, 27
Kirkland Street, Cambridge, MA 02138.

Forwarded for information...

[Note: The Irish World Heritage Centre is in Manchester...
See updates at http://www.iwhc.com/
And I have just been invited to give a lecture there in September...
P.O'S.]

=46rom: "Michael Herbert"

The Heretic Club
Sponsored by the Cultural Industries Development Service
in Association with City Life
Supported by Rain Bar


'Cultural Industries: the New Economy, Myth and Realities?'
Thursday 29th March 7.00pm,
Rain Bar, Boardroom,
80, Grt. Bridgewater Street,
Manchester,
M1 5JY.



Manchester we are told is gripped by a cultural and economic
Renaissance.==20
Other provincial cities are also making claims of a dynamic cultural boom.
Some argue it is a myth as these Independents often do not survive without
substantial investment and subsidies. Some say that there is an
exaggerated sense that the Creatives of Britain are a means of reviving the
economy. Even in deprived areas such as East Manchester and the looming
Commonwealth Games 2002 money is being pumped into cultural initiatives to
breathe life into an old industrial area in the hope of generating
sustainable jobs and to keep the kids off the streets, while there at it.

Is Cultural production resuscitating our cities?

Speakers:
Justin O'Connor, Director, Manchester Institute of Popular Culture,
Academic Adviser for Urbis Museum.

James Heartfield, Lecturer and Writer, Economics, University of Sussex and
University of Delaware.

Andy Lovatt, Director, Cultural Industries Development Service.

Kevin McCullagh, Forecaster and Strategist, Seymour Powell Forecasting.

Chair: Jonathan Schofield, Journalist and Blue Badge Guide.


Tickets only available at Boardroom Door: Non-Members =A34.00 conc./
=A35.0=0
Membership info. Saira Hussein saira[at]theproject66.freeserve.co.uk
Tel: 0161 881 0168

System
Date: Thu 01 Mar 2001 19:30:00 +0000
From: irish-diaspora[at]bradford.ac.uk
Reply-To: irish-diaspora[at]bradford.ac.uk
To: irish-diaspora[at]bradford.ac.uk
Sender: owner-irish-diaspora[at]bradford.ac.uk
Precedence: bulk


Forwarded for information...

EXTRACT BEGINS>>>
'The Penal Lexicon Home Page

The Irish: Discrimination And The Criminal Justice System

Introduction

In July 1996 the Action Group for Irish Youth, The Bourne Trust, the
Federation of Irish Societies, the Irish Commission for Prisoners Overseas
and the National Association of Probation Officers launched a campaign to
highlight what they believed was widespread discrimination against persons
who define themselves as Irish in Britain within the Criminal Justice
System.

That research which is available strongly suggests that Irish people are
disproportionately stopped by the police, that they are disproportionately
the victims of crime, that they are over-represented in remands into custody
and they are more likely to be jailed than other ethnic groups. The existing
research differs. In some instances police or probation officers took the
decision, in others the researchers themselves.

The 5 organisations collected over 50 case studies which illustrate the
problems that the Irish in Britain face.

This report analyses the existing research and illustrates the areas of
discrimination with those case studies. Whilst the report uses the widest
definition of Irish, the report also recommends action to combat
discrimination.

http://cgi.www.penlex.org.uk/pages/napo01.html'

EXTRACT ENDS>>>

- --
Patrick O'Sullivan
Head of the Irish Diaspora Research Unit

Email Patrick O'Sullivan
Email Patrick O'Sullivan

Irish-Diaspora list
Irish Diaspora Studies http://www.brad.ac.uk/acad/diaspora/

Personal Fax National 0870 284 1580
Fax International +44 870 284 1580

Irish Diaspora Research Unit
Department of Interdisciplinary Human Studies
University of Bradford
Bradford BD7 1DP
Yorkshire
England

Brad Gregory's book has been well received. I thought this review worth
sharing with the Ir-D list, since the theme of 'martyrdom' looms so large in
Irish history and politics...

P.O'S.


H-NET BOOK REVIEW
Published by H-Catholic[at]h-net.msu.edu (February, 2001)

Brad S. Gregory. _Salvation at Stake : Christian Martyrdom in
Early Modern Europe_. Harvard Historical Studies, 134.
Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1999. xvi + 528 pp.
Illustrations, notes, appendix, index. $49.95 (cloth), ISBN
0-674-78551-7.

Reviewed for H-Catholic by Patrick J. Holt
, Department of History, Saint Basil
College

It is a pleasure to report that this book is deserving of the
praise, both in reviews and awards, that it has received. The
difficulty of reviewing such a work comes in trying to provide a
concise glimpse of the wealth of research contained between its
covers. Professor Gregory, an assistant professor of History at
Stanford University, has already received several awards for
this book, most recently from the American Catholic Historical
Association. The author succeeds not only in his attempt to
understand martyrs and their followings cross-confessionally
(Anabaptist, Catholic and Protestant), during the sixteenth and
seventeenth centuries but in others as well. For example, in
discussions of historiography and theory this study provides
lively and informative arguments to challenge recent academic
conventions.

Dr. Gregory argues that the three traditions of martyrs are best
studied together because, "What made sixteenth-century
Christianity so explosive was the combination of shared and
incompatible beliefs" (p. 342). He reminds us how much early
modern Christians held in common, and how little they were
actually debating about. Foremost amongst the commonalities was
a shared tradition of medieval Christianity. The book examines
all cases of martyrdom that occurred in Europe during the early
modern period. The most significant exclusion, and a necessary
one(for brevity's sake), was of those Catholics martyred in
missions abroad. Martyrs are defined as those whom some group
recognized as such, with one further limitation, that they were
usually executed by an authority.

The clarity of argument throughout the work is remarkable for
such a compendious study covering so much time and such a
variety of traditions. The argument with the greatest
implications is that, while the martyrs held the same beliefs as
their co-religionists, their deaths forced others to demand
doctrinal purity and avoid compromise with other Christians.
This made it virtually impossible for their followers to
compromise with other Christians without shaming the memory of
their martyrs. Gregory argues that as early as 1535 it was
clear that the martyrs had made it too difficult for Catholics
and Protestants to compromise in matters of doctrine. Early
Protestant leaders, Calvin in particular, emphasized that they
could not go back once blood had been shed.

The range of materials that the author marshals to build his
argument are impressive. He should be praised in particular for
his extensive use of woodcuts, artwork, pamphlets and private
letters to help us understand the interior life of martyrs and
those who chose to memorialize them.

The author reserves his sharpest words for those who would
depend on cultural theory to understand early modern Christians.
He emphasizes that "Any depiction of sixteenth century
Christians is intended to be one in which they would have
recognized themselves" (p. 11). In addition, the author
suggests that too much Reformation research today examines the
period exclusively in its social dimension, while ignoring the
centrality of religious and intellectual matters. Martyrs were
going to their deaths over fine points of doctrine, and their
ranks included more than intellectuals and Church leaders. Hell
was not a cultural construct for early modern people. It was a
very real and troubling place.

For the most part, the author finds martyrological sources
useful because they were frequently honest(describing events
that took place in front of large crowds) and because they wrote
contemporary accounts that were published quickly. There are
exceptions of course, including writers like John Foxe who
rewrote accounts of various martyrs to show a unity of doctrine
and belief among a great variety of Protestants.

The inclusion of Anabaptists in this work increases its value
considerably. The comparison of three traditions is instructive
and shows the variety and unity that could be found amongst the
three traditions. Anabaptists, in particular, used music to
memorialize martyrs and the author does a convincing job of
explaining these sources to the reader. In a similar fashion,
he discusses Catholic veneration of relics and the intricacies
of Foxe's writings with great care. In all three traditions it
becomes clear that the types of written memorials changed over
time. The shift was from the immediacy of pamphlets and small
books to more extensive texts and illustrated studies. A table
(p. 245) vividly portrays the change in the dimensions of
martyrologies over time.

Catholic martyrs took on roles that would never be assigned to
Protestant and Anabaptist martyrs. Their role as saintly
intercessors began as soon as they were killed. It is striking
to discover that no Catholic martyr of the early modern period
was canonized before 1700. The Catholic Church was concerned
about how to talk about martyrs and what they might mean for the
wider Church. Even More and Fisher, although famous before
their deaths, were memorialized in only very limited ways. The
difficulty for Catholics was that their martyrs came across as
individuals. In other traditions martyrs were usually viewed as
random members picked from a closely consolidated group.
Protestants clearly saw their martyrs as prophetic symbols of a
new age in Christianity, but what were Catholic martyrs to
symbolize? The killing of Catholic martyrs was primarily
limited to England and the Netherlands. The shift in the
pattern of memorialization occurred when it became clear in the
1580s that England would remain Protestant. Until that time
Catholics were trying to play a waiting game. Once they
realized that further change was not forthcoming, martyrs were
memorialized in an attempt to win converts over to Catholicism.
These issues are presented in a striking manner because they are
compared so closely to Protestant and Anabaptist experiences. It
is at times like this that the reader really benefits from the
author's comparative framework.

It is difficult to come up with a pithy description of such an
impressive work, but perhaps encyclopedic would be the most
appropriate descriptor. In particular the author should be
praised for bringing together a discussion of three traditions.
It is heartening to see such a compendious study that succeeds
in explaining such a vast topic while relying on primary
materials more than theory.

It would be interesting to see more research about how overseas
Catholic martyrs were viewed at this time. Certainly that
information goes beyond the scope of this book, but it might
help us to further understand the unique memorialization of
Catholic martyrs within Europe. Read in conjunction with Robert
Royal's recent _The Catholic Martyrs of the Twentieth Century_,
students would have a firm grasp of the position of Christian
martyrs in modern history.

The crucial role of these martyrs was that they clearly marked
off the difference between early modern Christians. Gregory is
right to remind us how very much these people held in common.
The skeletal outlines of all three sets of doctrine were the
same. The martyrs dramatically marked off the crucial areas of
difference, those matters of doctrine worth dying for.

In the concluding pages, there is an edifying discussion of
religious toleration which should not be missed. The
expectation that a Zwingli or an Ignatius Loyola would choose
toleration over a search for pure truth, for the author, is a
particularly troubling anachronism. Martyrdom cannot be
understood unless we take the concept of religious belief and
conviction seriously. Gregory's chastisements of theory and
anachronisms are at times heavy-handed but they serve a purpose
here and help make the book that much stronger. He is right to
suggest that some well researched modern works on early modern
religion fail because they do not accept the world view of the
people that they write about.

The martyrs of the Reformation were not marginal characters,
they were simply believers who were tested. The doctrinal
disputes over which they died were not academic squabbles
amongst Bishops and Professors, but central debates for everyone
in the communities effected. The compilation and interpretation
of letters, pamphlets, music, relics, sermons, woodcuts, and
many other sources in this work are proof positive of the
author's contention that the martyrs drew popular followings in
their struggles over doctrine and belief. This is a study so
profound that it should be read by anyone venturing into
research on any aspect of early modern religion.

Copyright (c) 2001 by H-Net, all rights reserved. This work
may be copied for non-profit educational use if proper credit
is given to the author and the list. For other permission,
please contact H-Net[at]h-net.msu.edu.

From Email Patrick O'Sullivan

Long term members of the Irish-Diaspora list will know that, each year at
this time, we have our traditional St. Patrick's Day Competition.

(Is that a tradition - or simply a precedent?)

The theme of the Competition last year, 2000, was 'Unlikely Monuments of the
Irish Diaspora', and the Competition was deemed a success. In that... Many
people seem to have understood the rules, and we had a significant number of
entries.

We had a worthy winner, Sarah Morgan (with The Holloway Road, London), and
an honourable mention, Marion Casey (The Water flowing from a New York Tap,
or Faucet). Prizes were awarded.

Even as we speak, the Irish-Diaspora List Traditional St. Patrick's Day
Advisory Committee (Ir-DLTSPDAC) is in constant session, trying to devise a
competition that will be a worthy successor to its predecessors. And offer
new challenges to the Irish Diaspora scolarly community.

I wonder what they will come up with this year...

Paddy

- --
Patrick O'Sullivan
Head of the Irish Diaspora Research Unit

Email Patrick O'Sullivan
Email Patrick O'Sullivan

Irish-Diaspora list
Irish Diaspora Studies http://www.brad.ac.uk/acad/diaspora/

Personal Fax National 0870 284 1580
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Irish Diaspora Research Unit
Department of Interdisciplinary Human Studies
University of Bradford
Bradford BD7 1DP
Yorkshire
England

From: "Jill Blee"
Subject: Anglo Irish

Dear Paddy,

There's a bit of a discussion going on in Ballarat at the moment as to =
who are the Anglo Irish. One of my colleagues is researching goldrush =
lawyers most of whom were Irish, and the term Anglo Irish keeps cropping =
up. I had always assumed it applied to those people whose ancestors =
gained land and prestige in Ireland following Elizabethan, Cromwellian =
and Williamite clearances. Does anyone out there have a better =
definition?

Jill Blee

Forwarded on behalf of Boston College...

CALL FOR PAPERS

The 13th Graduate Irish Studies Conference
October 12-13, 2001
Boston College, Chestnut Hill MA

The graduate students of the Boston College Irish Studies Program and
the Irish American Cultural Institute invite your participation in "SET
APART? LOCATING IRELAND," the 13th Graduate Irish Studies Conference.
The conference will be held on Friday and Saturday, October 12-13, 2001,
on the Boston College Campus. Proceedings will include conference
panels, a plenary discussion, keynote address, and GISC business
meeting. All papers submitted in full before the conference will be
considered for a $500 prize sponsored by IACI, and possible publication
in Eire-Ireland.

We especially encourage interdisciplinary projects and papers that use
the title conference as a window into Irish history, literature, and
culture.
Possible panel topics include, but are not limited to:

New immigrants to/ asylum seeking in Ireland
Ireland and the EU/ adoption of the Euro
Comparative literatures
Ireland and the visual arts
Ireland, Irish Studies, and theory in the academy
Celtic Tiger economics and contradictions
Medieval history and literature
Ireland in the context of European modernism
Law and literature
Language and translation
Irish cinema
The Clinton Administration and Northern Ireland
Post-Good Friday Accords Northern Ireland

We will consider detailed (2-3 pp) abstracts, or conference length
(15-20 min) papers until April 15, 2001. Please send e-submissions to
halsteam[at]bc.edu. Or send hard copies to GISC, c/o Cathy McLaughlin,
Irish Studies Program-Connolly House, 300 Hammond St, Chestnut Hill MA
02135.

From Email Patrick O'Sullivan

I think I should report that
"Anthony McNicholas"

summed up 'the mood of the meeting'... when he said, in an earlier Ir-D
message...

'I was reluctant to offer my thoughts on David Fitzpatrick's piece, just as
I
was when I heard him deliver it at UNL. It is self-consciously intended to
goad people into outraged opposition and nobody wants to behave like one of
Pavlov's dogs.'

That is generally the reaction I have had from people who have contacted me
off-list.

I think David's books are wonderful - Oceans of Consolation is a great book.
See the reviews on our web site.
Irish Diaspora Studies http://www.brad.ac.uk/acad/diaspora/
There is the oddity that the book has attracted very little interest in
North America - but, then, it mostly deals with the Irish going to
Australia.

(Except for Chapter 12. About the Doorley sisters in Bolton, Lancashire.
Which I have just turned into a play, 'Dear Maria', my Irish working class
Three Sisters...)

David's piece for the BAIS Newsletter - which he kindly shared with the Ir-d
list - seemed to me a long list of reasons FOR studying the Irish Diaspora.
If we have got it wrong the ways in which we are wrong are fascinating in
themselves. His final reason for studying the Irish Diaspora, the
extraordinary effects of emigration on Ireland, is a very powerful one - and
I would agree that most probably we have not really got our heads round that
theme. But the study of the Irish Diaspora is not interesting ONLY because
of its effects on Ireland. In fact, I wondered if we did not have here a
manifestation of that tension between Home and Diaspora that is such a
feature of all Diaspora studies.

P.O'S.

- --
Patrick O'Sullivan
Head of the Irish Diaspora Research Unit

Email Patrick O'Sullivan
Email Patrick O'Sullivan

Irish-Diaspora list
Irish Diaspora Studies http://www.brad.ac.uk/acad/diaspora/

Personal Fax National 0870 284 1580
Fax International +44 870 284 1580

Irish Diaspora Research Unit
Department of Interdisciplinary Human Studies
University of Bradford
Bradford BD7 1DP
Yorkshire
England