The following item has been brought to our attention...

The Times, London
April 24, 2001
BY JOANNA BALE

THE Belfast poet Michael Longley was awarded the Queens Gold Medal for
Poetry yesterday, his third literary accolade in less than a year. The
61-year-old Ulsterman, who has long toiled under the shadow of his more
famous friend and Nobel laureate, Seamus Heaney, was awarded the T.S.
Eliot Prize earlier this year and the Hawthornden Prize last summer for
The Weather In Japan, his seventh collection of poems.

The work leads the reader through the various hells of the 20th century:
the fields of Flanders, through Auschwitz to the troubles of Northern
Ireland. The Northern Irish poet Paul Muldoon described it as at first
glance small scale but which always expands our sense of history . . .
Longley is a skilled lyric poet of compassion and grace.

Longley, who once went 12 years without publishing a poem, joins a
distinguished list of previous winners of the Queens Gold Medal for
Poetry. These include W.H. Auden (1936), Siegfried Sassoon (1957), John
Betjeman (1960), Philip Larkin (1965), Robert Graves (1968) and Ted Hughes
(1974). The award was instituted by George V in 1933 at the suggestion of
the then Poet Laureate, John Masefield.

Longleys other works include Gorse Fires, which broke his long silence
through the 1980s after he had made his name with No Continuing City and
The Echo Gate. Longley, a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature, was
born in Belfast in 1939, and educated at the Royal Belfast Academical
Institution and Trinity College Dublin, where he read Classics. One of his
most acclaimed poems is Ceasefire. Ostensibly translating the closing
scene of Homers Iliad, where King Priam begs Achilles, who has killed
Hector, for his sons corpse, it was published just after the 1997
ceasefire in Northern Ireland.

From Email Patrick O'Sullivan

One of the things we do, regularly, here, is check through the error
messages that come back to us after an Ir-D message is sent out. Usually we
are fairly patient about these things - we can understand that some Inboxes
might get full during weekends or holidays, and all computer systems have
problems at some time. We did recently chuck someone off the Ir-D list -
but only after his email system had generated 85 error messages in 3 days...

But here's a good one...

Ir-D members at Boston College... Your email system (and only your email
system - the rest of the world is out of step) rejected an Ir-D message
because
'Message contains non-ASCII characters in headers'

So, Boston, you will never know about about Sara Ellen Brady's hard work in
developing Foilsiú, a new journal of Irish
studies published by GRÍAN Association. See www.grian.org

Sorry, Boston, but there it is...

P.O'S.

- --
Patrick O'Sullivan
Head of the Irish Diaspora Research Unit

Email Patrick O'Sullivan
Email Patrick O'Sullivan

Irish-Diaspora list
Irish Diaspora Studies http://www.brad.ac.uk/acad/diaspora/

Personal Fax National 0870 284 1580
Fax International +44 870 284 1580

Irish Diaspora Research Unit
Department of Interdisciplinary Human Studies
University of Bradford
Bradford BD7 1DP
Yorkshire
England

From: Don MacRaild
Subject: RE: Ir-D Citation, Hobsbawm, 'Tramping Artisan'?


Ultan,
It did not first appear in Hobsbawm's seminal collection, Labouring Men
(London, Wiedenfeld and Nicolson, 1964). Its original appearance was in
1951: but where? Old Eric is very coy in the preface of the original edition
of his collection: he thanks the editors of Economic History Review and Past
& Present for permission to republish stuff--but does this include the
tramping artisan? That's where I'd look first ....

On related note; Humphry Southall (EcHR, early 90s) and others have written
on the subject of tramping. And there's a book by Trevor Lummis, too. I
could even recommend my own (with David E Martin, Labour in British Society
(Macmillan, 2000), which, if nothing else, has a useful bibliography.

Cheers

Don

> -----Original Message-----
> From: irish-diaspora[at]Bradford.ac.uk [SMTP:irish-diaspora[at]Bradford.ac.uk]
> Sent: Tuesday, April 24, 2001 3:30 PM
> To: irish-diaspora[at]Bradford.ac.uk
> Subject: Ir-D Citation, Hobsbawm, 'Tramping Artisan'?
>
>
>
> From: Ultan Cowley
> Subject: citation
>
> Could anyone oblige me with the title, volume, year, etc. of the journal
> in
> which the following article appeared?:
>
> Eric Hobsbawm, The Tramping Artisan
>
> I have extracts from my notes on the article but have mislaid the
> originals.
>
> Hobsbawm describes a 19C. British tradesmen's custom, with parallels on
> the
> European continent, which was adopted by the railway navvies and which
> accounts for the tradition amongst Irish 'Long Distance Men' in the
> construction industry of giving unquestioning if limited financial
> assistance to anyone 'on tramp' passing through their locality.
>
> Some such men, returning to farming occupations in rural Ireland, have
> told
> me they found the absence of any similar tradition, amongst the Irish
> farming community, disconcerting. There it was (and is) unthinkable to
> disclose financial embarrassment.
>
> With thanks.
>
> Ultan Cowley

From Email Patrick O'Sullivan

A little while ago Hugo McGuinness sent a message - pasted in below - to the
H-Albion list...

I have discussed this message with Hugo. For the whole 'Speeches from the
Dock' 'industry' is of interest to Irish Diaspora Studies - little
systematic work has been done, but there is interest. A number of us have
looked at the role of the Sullivans in the business.

I wondered if we had any comments on this query, or information to share
with Hugo McGuinness.

P.O'S.


From: "Hugo"

I'm currently researching the use (and development) of Robert Emmet's
Speech at the Dock as propaganda.
A "best-seller" in Dublin in 1803 it was reprinted that year in both London
and Glasgow. The earliest American printing I've found is Philadelphia in
1805.

American editions from the 1830s largely centre on the Irish Eloquence
series, printed almost annually in Philadelphia, Boston and New York,
although I've found an 1820s version in "The Speeches of Charles Phillips"
Saratoga Springs 1820.

By the late 1830s Emmet had become something of a Hero to the Chartist
movement, his speech being dramatised on stage, and reprinted in papers such
as the Northern Star, and being recommended as an important text for would
be orators. A number of early London and Manchester editions suggest that
Emmet may have been adopted earlier than has up to now been realised.

By the time of the Fenians, Emmet's speech had reached the form it is now
known by, with various additions and insertions.

So far my search has largely been confined to accessible Library Catalogues,
which list actual editions. However there was a virtual industry in
Broadsides, song books, etc. It appeared on posters such as "The Emerald
Isle and Fenian Home", for example. The Chartists published portraits of
Emmet some years before the Nation gave Ireland the Comford Portrait "to be
a treasure in the house of every true Irishman." I've been unable to trace
any Australian Editions of Emmet's speech, most of the listings in
Australian Universities being for European Editions. Yet the 100
anniversary celebrations in Australia were widely reported in Irish
Newspapers as being substantial. I'd appreciate hearing from anyone (either
on or off list) who is aware of any variations on the Emmet speech, in
whatever form, particularly those printed outside Ireland.

Yours,
Hugo McGuinness
humcg[at]eircom.net

- --
Patrick O'Sullivan
Head of the Irish Diaspora Research Unit

Email Patrick O'Sullivan
Email Patrick O'Sullivan

Irish-Diaspora list
Irish Diaspora Studies http://www.brad.ac.uk/acad/diaspora/

Personal Fax National 0870 284 1580
Fax International +44 870 284 1580

Irish Diaspora Research Unit
Department of Interdisciplinary Human Studies
University of Bradford
Bradford BD7 1DP
Yorkshire
England

From: DanCas1[at]aol.com
Subject: Re: Ir-D 'Tramping Artisan'


In a message dated 4/24/01 11:28:06 AM Pacific Daylight Time,
irish-diaspora[at]Bradford.ac.uk writes:


> . I
> could even recommend my own (with David E Martin, Labour in British
Society
> (Macmillan, 2000), which, if nothing else, has a useful bibliography.
>
> Cheers
>
> Don
>
>

Don A Chara:

What is the ISBN of the book you refer to? Is it an essay; or part of a
series on "tramping," spailpini? Sounds interesting. I would be interested
in
reading it.

We are holding our own out here, although to paraphrase Maureen Dowd in NY
Times on George Dubya: George is working out three hours a day and taking
naps and I can't sleep at night.

Hope you are well.

Best Regards,
Slan,

Danny Cassidy
New College
San Francisco

From: Don MacRaild
Subject: RE: Ir-D 'Tramping Artisan'


Ultan,

Eureka! The historian's nose was right again. 'The tramping artisan' first
appeared in Econ.Hist.Rev., vol.3, no.3, 2nd series, 1951. I should have
said that Lummis's book is about the labour aristocracy--but artisans come
under that banner, and it was they who tramped, usually because their unions
or craft societies provided a network of cash, beerhouses, sustenance and
job offers. There were links of this type between Ireland and England, for
example in printing. Skilled men could often find themselves traipsing all
over the Atlantic Archipelago looking for work. It was said that if an 1840s
printer followed the entire 'printing network' that he could travel more
than 2000 miles. It is also said that mass labour migration in the 1850s
killed of what had previously been a small-scale and occupationally-focus
thing, tramping. How true this is, I do not know. I wonder if the Irish
dimension is covered in John Boyle's brilliant book, The Irish Labor
Movement in the 19th Century. I don't have a copy to hand.

Cheers

Don MacRaild
Northumbria



- -----Original Message-----
From: irish-diaspora[at]Bradford.ac.uk
To: irish-diaspora[at]Bradford.ac.uk
Sent: 24/04/01 19:30
Subject: Ir-D 'Tramping Artisan'



From: Don MacRaild
Subject: RE: Ir-D Citation, Hobsbawm, 'Tramping Artisan'?


Ultan,
It did not first appear in Hobsbawm's seminal collection, Labouring Men
(London, Wiedenfeld and Nicolson, 1964). Its original appearance was in
1951: but where? Old Eric is very coy in the preface of the original
edition
of his collection: he thanks the editors of Economic History Review and
Past
& Present for permission to republish stuff--but does this include the
tramping artisan? That's where I'd look first ....

On related note; Humphry Southall (EcHR, early 90s) and others have
written
on the subject of tramping. And there's a book by Trevor Lummis, too. I
could even recommend my own (with David E Martin, Labour in British
Society
(Macmillan, 2000), which, if nothing else, has a useful bibliography.

Cheers

Don

> -----Original Message-----
> From: irish-diaspora[at]Bradford.ac.uk
[SMTP:irish-diaspora[at]Bradford.ac.uk]
> Sent: Tuesday, April 24, 2001 3:30 PM
> To: irish-diaspora[at]Bradford.ac.uk
> Subject: Ir-D Citation, Hobsbawm, 'Tramping Artisan'?
>
>
>
> From: Ultan Cowley
> Subject: citation
>
> Could anyone oblige me with the title, volume, year, etc. of the
journal
> in
> which the following article appeared?:
>
> Eric Hobsbawm, The Tramping Artisan
>
> I have extracts from my notes on the article but have mislaid the
> originals.
>
> Hobsbawm describes a 19C. British tradesmen's custom, with parallels
on
> the
> European continent, which was adopted by the railway navvies and which
> accounts for the tradition amongst Irish 'Long Distance Men' in the
> construction industry of giving unquestioning if limited financial
> assistance to anyone 'on tramp' passing through their locality.
>
> Some such men, returning to farming occupations in rural Ireland, have
> told
> me they found the absence of any similar tradition, amongst the Irish
> farming community, disconcerting. There it was (and is) unthinkable to
> disclose financial embarrassment.
>
> With thanks.
>
> Ultan Cowley

From: Elizabeth Malcolm

Paddy,

In this context, the discussion of the television series,
I also thought the Ir-D list might be interested to hear
that the latest proceedings of the Irish-Australian Conference has
just been published - indeed, I launched it last night in Melbourne.
Details below:

Philip Bull, Frances Devlin-Glass and Helen Doyle (eds), 'Ireland and
Australia, 1798-1998: Studies in Culture, Identity and Migration',
Sydney: Crossing Press, 2000 (ISBN 0 9578291 0 8).

For those interested in ordering the book, the publisher's website
address is: www.crossingpress.com.au; and email address:
sales[at]crossingpress.com.au. This press is starting to publish quite a
bit on the Irish in Australia, so the website is probably worth
keeping an eye on.

Elizabeth


Professor Elizabeth Malcolm Tel: +61-3-8344 3924
Chair of Irish Studies FAX: +61-3-8344 7894
Department of History Email: e.malcolm[at]unimelb.edu.au
University of Melbourne
Parkville, Victoria, 3010
AUSTRALIA

From: Ultan Cowley
Subject: Re: Ir-D 'Tramping Artisan' 2


Don
Thanks for the 'leg work'; down here in the sticks I'd be waiting a long
time to gain access to an adequate library for such a purpose...

The Econ. Hist. Rev. of 1951 is indeed where I read the article (in John
Rylands, Manchester, in 1995, courtesy of Mervyn Busteed).

Many thanks.

PS Is this interest in tramps altogether respectable in academic circles,
do you think?

Ultan












At 21:30 24/04/01 +0000, you wrote:
>
>From: Don MacRaild
>Subject: RE: Ir-D 'Tramping Artisan'
>
>
>Ultan,
>
>Eureka! The historian's nose was right again. 'The tramping artisan' first
>appeared in Econ.Hist.Rev., vol.3, no.3, 2nd series, 1951. I should have
>said that Lummis's book is about the labour aristocracy--but artisans come
>under that banner, and it was they who tramped, usually because their
unions
>or craft societies provided a network of cash, beerhouses, sustenance and
>job offers. There were links of this type between Ireland and England, for
>example in printing. Skilled men could often find themselves traipsing all
>over the Atlantic Archipelago looking for work. It was said that if an
1840s
>printer followed the entire 'printing network' that he could travel more
>than 2000 miles. It is also said that mass labour migration in the 1850s
>killed of what had previously been a small-scale and occupationally-focus
>thing, tramping. How true this is, I do not know. I wonder if the Irish
>dimension is covered in John Boyle's brilliant book, The Irish Labor
>Movement in the 19th Century. I don't have a copy to hand.
>
>Cheers
>
>Don MacRaild
>Northumbria
>
>
>
>-----Original Message-----
>From: irish-diaspora[at]Bradford.ac.uk
>To: irish-diaspora[at]Bradford.ac.uk
>Sent: 24/04/01 19:30
>Subject: Ir-D 'Tramping Artisan'
>
>
>
>From: Don MacRaild
>Subject: RE: Ir-D Citation, Hobsbawm, 'Tramping Artisan'?
>
>
>Ultan,
>It did not first appear in Hobsbawm's seminal collection, Labouring Men
>(London, Wiedenfeld and Nicolson, 1964). Its original appearance was in
>1951: but where? Old Eric is very coy in the preface of the original
>edition
>of his collection: he thanks the editors of Economic History Review and
>Past
>& Present for permission to republish stuff--but does this include the
>tramping artisan? That's where I'd look first ....
>
>On related note; Humphry Southall (EcHR, early 90s) and others have
>written
>on the subject of tramping. And there's a book by Trevor Lummis, too. I
>could even recommend my own (with David E Martin, Labour in British
>Society
>(Macmillan, 2000), which, if nothing else, has a useful bibliography.
>
>Cheers
>
>Don
>
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: irish-diaspora[at]Bradford.ac.uk
>[SMTP:irish-diaspora[at]Bradford.ac.uk]
>> Sent: Tuesday, April 24, 2001 3:30 PM
>> To: irish-diaspora[at]Bradford.ac.uk
>> Subject: Ir-D Citation, Hobsbawm, 'Tramping Artisan'?
>>
>>
>>
>> From: Ultan Cowley
>> Subject: citation
>>
>> Could anyone oblige me with the title, volume, year, etc. of the
>journal
>> in
>> which the following article appeared?:
>>
>> Eric Hobsbawm, The Tramping Artisan
>>
>> I have extracts from my notes on the article but have mislaid the
>> originals.
>>
>> Hobsbawm describes a 19C. British tradesmen's custom, with parallels
>on
>> the
>> European continent, which was adopted by the railway navvies and which
>> accounts for the tradition amongst Irish 'Long Distance Men' in the
>> construction industry of giving unquestioning if limited financial
>> assistance to anyone 'on tramp' passing through their locality.
>>
>> Some such men, returning to farming occupations in rural Ireland, have
>> told
>> me they found the absence of any similar tradition, amongst the Irish
>> farming community, disconcerting. There it was (and is) unthinkable to
>> disclose financial embarrassment.
>>
>> With thanks.
>>
>> Ultan Cowley
>
>
>

From: Elizabeth Malcolm
Subject: Irish Empire

Paddy,

Just to add to your international TV listings (!), the 'Irish Empire'
was shown in Australia in March/April this year on the SBS network,
which is the Special Broadcasting Service, ie the multicultural
channel here - they show everything that mainly isn't commercial
American/British/Australian. I was glad to catch it, having talked to
some of the researchers when it was being made, but having missed the
broadcasts in Ireland and Britain last year. I agree it was a bit
dense and muddled in parts, but I talked to the students doing my
Irish migration course here and they certainly found it very
interesting, even if they had a lot of questions about aspects of it.
I was a little disappointed though by the lack of Irish-Australian
historians on view. The novelist Thomas Keneally seems to be regarded
these days, abroad at least, as the expert on all things Irish in
Australia - good novelist certainly, but his expertise is somewhat
questionable.

Elizabeth


Professor Elizabeth Malcolm Tel: +61-3-8344 3924
Chair of Irish Studies FAX: +61-3-8344 7894
Department of History Email: e.malcolm[at]unimelb.edu.au
University of Melbourne
Parkville, Victoria, 3010
AUSTRALIA

[Moderator's Note:
The rest of Elizabeth's message, news of Bull et al, eds, Ireland and
Australia, has been forwarded to the Ir-D list as a separate message.
P.O'S.]

From Email Patrick O'Sullivan

Our attention has been drawn to the following item, which appeared in the
Irish Times, yesterday, Tuesday April 24, 2001.

Makes much of Maureen Murphy's smile - quite right, too. Nice smile.


P.O'S.

http://www.ireland.com/education/el/newsy1.htm

EXTRACT BEGINS>>>
'US using Irish past to shape its future
Billed alongside slavery and the Holocaust, The Great Irish Famine
Curriculum is being introduced to schools in New York State. Harry Browne
went to find out what Irish history could possibly teach one of the world's
most ethnically-mixed school populations and what the Irish education system
could learn from this radical initiative...'
EXTRACT ENDS>>>

- --
Patrick O'Sullivan
Head of the Irish Diaspora Research Unit

Email Patrick O'Sullivan
Email Patrick O'Sullivan

Irish-Diaspora list
Irish Diaspora Studies http://www.brad.ac.uk/acad/diaspora/

Personal Fax National 0870 284 1580
Fax International +44 870 284 1580

Irish Diaspora Research Unit
Department of Interdisciplinary Human Studies
University of Bradford
Bradford BD7 1DP
Yorkshire
England

From: Don MacRaild
Subject: RE: Ir-D 'Tramping Artisan' 3


Dan,

Labour in British Society is meant to be a general survey of labour in
British society. We were criticised (gently) for having too much Irish stuff
in there--but given that Irish labour was up to 30 per cent of all
working-class labour in at least 10 cities and big towns, we didn't worry
too much. There is a chapter on labour migration, and here the Irish figure
prominently; however, the spalpin trade is only a bit of that. The ISBN
is 0-312-233313-2 (pbk). Our old friends at Amazon advertise it as being
available ... (but try .co.uk rather than .com)

Cheers

Don

> -----Original Message-----
> From: irish-diaspora[at]Bradford.ac.uk [SMTP:irish-diaspora[at]Bradford.ac.uk]
> Sent: Tuesday, April 24, 2001 10:30 PM
> To: irish-diaspora[at]Bradford.ac.uk
> Subject: Ir-D 'Tramping Artisan' 3
>
>
> From: DanCas1[at]aol.com
> Subject: Re: Ir-D 'Tramping Artisan'
>
>
> In a message dated 4/24/01 11:28:06 AM Pacific Daylight Time,
> irish-diaspora[at]Bradford.ac.uk writes:
>
>
> > . I
> > could even recommend my own (with David E Martin, Labour in British
> Society
> > (Macmillan, 2000), which, if nothing else, has a useful bibliography.
> >
> > Cheers
> >
> > Don
> >
> >
>
> Don A Chara:
>
> What is the ISBN of the book you refer to? Is it an essay; or part of a
> series on "tramping," spailpini? Sounds interesting. I would be interested
> in
> reading it.
>
> We are holding our own out here, although to paraphrase Maureen Dowd in NY
> Times on George Dubya: George is working out three hours a day and taking
> naps and I can't sleep at night.
>
> Hope you are well.
>
> Best Regards,
> Slan,
>
> Danny Cassidy
> New College
> San Francisco
>
>
>

From Email Patrick O'Sullivan

The Contents list of the latest issue of the journal, Patterns of Prejudice,
is now being distributed.

Patterns of Prejudice often contains items of Irish/Irish Diaspora
interest... It is a Sage publication, with an online electronic presence,
so that people in the large universities might already have access to it...

As for the rest of us... There is a contact point at

http://www.sagepub.co.uk/

'Patterns of Prejudice
A Publication of the Institute for Jewish Policy Research and is produced in
association with The Parkes Centre of the University of Southampton

Editors
Barry A Kosmin Institute for Jewish Policy Research, London, UK
David Cesarani Institute of Contemporary History, London, UK
Tony Kushner University of Southampton, UK
Barbara Rosenbaum Institute for Jewish Policy Research, London, UK

...is devoted to the study of national and international conditions, causes
and manifestations of racial, religious and ethnic discrimination and
prejudice, with particular reference to antisemitism...'

NOTE If you are quick you can get free access to a sample copy, in pdf
(Adobe Acrobat) form, which includes the very useful article...

'Shovelling out your paupers' : The British State and Irish Famine Migration
1846-50
Peter Gray University of Southampton, UK

Here are the details of the latest issue, distributed by Barbara Rosenbaum.
It will be seen that it includes Scott Ashley on the ethnography of the Aran
Islands...

From: "Barbara Rosenbaum"
Sent: Wednesday, April 25, 2001 7:02 AM
Subject: PATTERNS OF PREJUDICE

Patterns of Prejudice
Volume 35, Number 2, April 2001

A SPECIAL ISSUE ON THE HISTORY OF ANTHROPOLOGY
Guest editor: Dan Stone, Royal Holloway, University of London

Introduction: the history of anthropology
Dan Stone

The poetics of race in 1890s Ireland: an ethnography of the Aran Islands
Scott Ashley

Musemunuzhi : Edwin Smith and the restoration and fulfillment of African
society and religion
Paul Cocks

White men with low morals? German anthropology and the Herero genocide
Dan Stone

Organic purity and the role of anthropology in Cambodia and Rwanda
Scott Straus

Pre-judice and identity
Heidrun Friese

Afterword: the usual suspects
Adam Kuper


Many thanks.

Barbara Rosenbaum
Patterns of Prejudice
79 Wimpole Street
London W1M 7DD
tel: 020 7935 8266
fax: 020 7935 3252
e-mail: b.rosenbaum[at]jpr.org.uk

- --
Patrick O'Sullivan
Head of the Irish Diaspora Research Unit

Email Patrick O'Sullivan
Email Patrick O'Sullivan

Irish-Diaspora list
Irish Diaspora Studies http://www.brad.ac.uk/acad/diaspora/

Personal Fax National 0870 284 1580
Fax International +44 870 284 1580

Irish Diaspora Research Unit
Department of Interdisciplinary Human Studies
University of Bradford
Bradford BD7 1DP
Yorkshire
England

From Email Patrick O'Sullivan


Our attention has been drawn to the following item...

P.O'S.


http://www.runnymedetrust.org/meb/bg/irish_community.htm

EXTRACT BEGINS>>>

The Irish Community
- - diversity, disadvantage and discrimination
Bronwen Walter
Reader in Social and Cultural Geography
Anglia Polytechnic University, Cambridge CB1 1PT

Paper presented to the Commission on the Future of Multi-Ethnic Britain,
18 June 1999

Introduction
The Irish are by far the largest birthplace group originating outside
Britain, more than twice as numerous as the next migrant population, those
born in India. This reflects the demand for migrant labour in Britain in the
post-War period and comprises a large group of Irish women and men who
arrived in the 1950s and a smaller section from the 1980s. Unlike other
ethnic groups originating outside Britain, only the migrant generation has
usually been recognised for statistical purposes as 'Irish'. However the
proposed inclusion of a self-identified 'Irish' category in the 2001 Census
means that in future the acknowledged size of the 'community' including
migrants' children could be up to three times as large.

EXTRACT ENDS>>>

- --
Patrick O'Sullivan
Head of the Irish Diaspora Research Unit

Email Patrick O'Sullivan
Email Patrick O'Sullivan

Irish-Diaspora list
Irish Diaspora Studies http://www.brad.ac.uk/acad/diaspora/

Personal Fax National 0870 284 1580
Fax International +44 870 284 1580

Irish Diaspora Research Unit
Department of Interdisciplinary Human Studies
University of Bradford
Bradford BD7 1DP
Yorkshire
England

From Email Patrick O'Sullivan

Those who have been following the development Jane Helleiner's work on the
Irish Traveller community - there have been articles in places like the
Canadian Journal of Irish Studies - will note with interest that her book is
now published.

Jabe Helleiner's own web site, with a full cv and list of publications, is
at
http://paradigm.soci.brocku.ca/helleine/

The following is from the Web site of the University of Toronto Press, and
announces the book...
http://www.utpress.utoronto.ca/publishing/titles/helleiner_irishtravellers.h
tml

[Note that your own email line breaks might fracture that long Web address.]

P.O'S.


EXTRACT BEGINS>>>

Irish Travellers
Racism and the Politics of Culture

Jane Helleiner

Anthropological Horizons
University of Toronto Press 2001



304 pages / 6x9
Date of Publication: 14/02/01. World Rights


CLOTH 0802048439 $50.00 £30.00 Status: ACT 222


The Travelling People constitute a Gypsy-like minority population in Ireland
that has been a long-standing target of racism and assimilative state
settlement
policies. Using archival and ethnographic research, Jane Helleiner's study
documents longstanding anti-Traveller racism in Ireland and explores the
ongoing realities of Traveller life. Through analyses of constructions of
Traveller origins, local government records, the provincial press, and
debates of
the Irish parliament, a history of local and national anti-Traveller
discourse and
practice in the independent Irish state is revealed and linked to the
legitimation
and reproduction of other social inequalities, including those of class,
gender,
and generation. Helleiner?s research, conducted in the course of long-term
residence in a Traveller camp, supports her historical analysis with an
examination of how travelling, work, gender, and childhood become sites for
the production and reproduction of contemporary Traveller collective
identity
and culture even as they are shaped by oppressive forces of racism. These
phenomena are located within political struggles at local, national, and
European levels.


JANE HELLEINER is an anthropologist who has been a visiting professor at
Trinity College, Dublin, and is currently an associate professor in the
Child and
Youth Studies and Sociology Departments at Brock University.

EXTRACT ENDS>>>

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Patrick O'Sullivan
Head of the Irish Diaspora Research Unit

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From: Enda Delaney

Paddy,

This rather long review of Frank Neal's book may be of interest
to Ir-D listmembers. It will appear in Immigrants and Minorities
in due course.

Enda

__________________________________________________________________
Frank Neal, Black '47: Britain and the Famine Irish (Basingstoke
and New York: Macmillan and St Martin's Press, 1998).
Pp.xv + 292. £52.50 (cloth). ISBN 0 333 66595 3.


In recent years the study of the causes and consequences of the
Great Irish Famine (1845-52) has attracted the attention of
numerous scholars. What is most remarkable is that only a
handful of these studies are based on original source materials
and much of the published work covers well-trodden ground. In
this respect, Professor Neal's investigation of one of the more
obvious consequences, namely the influx of Irish famine migrants
into Britain, represents an important and innovative
contribution to the our understanding of the Great Irish Famine
and equally the history of the Irish in modern Britain.
Throughout this book Neal displays an impressive knowledge of
published and manuscript source materials and commendable
tenacity in constructing sets of data on the basis of sometimes
incomplete statistics. Even though the title of the book refers
to a single year, in fact the coverage is broader than might at
first be expected. While some purists may quibble with Neal's
use of the term 'refugees' as a description for the thousands of
overwhelmingly poor Irish migrants who travelled to Britain,
there is little doubt that this monograph serves to challenge
many of the myths that evolved over time relating to the
treatment of the famine Irish in Britain. The overall conclusion
that emerges is that the poor law authorities coped remarkably
well with an unprecedented flow of poor Irish into cities such
as Liverpool, Manchester and Glasgow from 1847 onwards.

After setting the scene in the first section of the book,
chapters three and four deal with leaving Ireland and initial
arrival in Britain. The role of shipping companies in conveying
the Irish migrants and advances in transport technology are
highlighted by Neal since both developments facilitated the
massive exodus across the Irish Sea. Liverpool was the port of
entry for the majority of these arrivals and according to Neal
roughly 370,000 Irish paupers arrived in this city between 1847
and 1850 (p. 62), with others travelling to Glasgow, Cardiff,
Newport and Bristol. He captures in a vivid and graphic manner
the sense of panic and chaos that was the overriding
characteristic of the famine exodus. On arrival Irish migrants
were viewed as 'a new class of paupers' (p. 105) by the
municipal authorities and presumably the wider public. Dressed
in rags and suffering from the effects of malnutrition and a
perilous journey in cramped and inhumane conditions, the
unrelenting flow of arrivals from Ireland were a pathetic sight.
The response from the poor law authorities was far from uniform,
but each poor law union was legally obliged to ensure that
paupers were not allowed to die and therefore relief and medical
treatment was made available to the famine Irish with varying
degrees of generosity.

In Liverpool the demand for relief in 1847 placed an enormous
strain on the poor law. Glasgow, Newport and other ports of
entry also managed to provide relief, notwithstanding the
obvious concern of ratepayers and the somewhat alarmist tone of
local newspaper coverage. Deaths from starvation were rare and
the small number of cases were reported in great detail in the
press. The effects of the outbreak of the 'Irish fever' in 1847
form the central focus of chapters five and six as Neal examines
the typhus epidemic that was attributed to the influx of Irish
migrants in the same year. The effectiveness of the measures
implemented to combat the epidemic are judged on the basis of
the numbers who died and the numbers who were treated in
hospital or at home. In Liverpool the poor housing conditions
exacerbated the problem. Neal estimates that in the borough of
Liverpool nearly 8500 people died of typhus, diarrhoea and
dysentery in 1847 (p. 129) earning the city its description as
the 'cemetery of Ireland'. The main policy adopted in Liverpool,
Glasgow and Cardiff and other places was isolation of fever
victims in workhouses, hospitals and less orthodox accommodation
as in the case of the ships on the Mersey in 1847.

While Neal is especially concerned with Liverpool in this study,
his coverage of other regions such as South Wales, London and
North East England yields numerous interesting observations in
his account of the dispersal of Irish famine migrants throughout
Britain in chapter seven. Many of the unfortunate Irish who left
the ports walked to their intended destinations, leading to
deaths on the roadside in a number of instances. In Manchester,
Leeds and Newcastle the Irish poor swelled the ranks of the
unemployed, themselves victims of the economic downturn in 1847.
The intricacies of the operation of the poor law are in examined
in chapter eight, especially in relation to the option to
'remove' paupers back to Ireland who did not have an established
right to relief by settlement. Poor law unions were not obliged
to provide long-term assistance and sending the Irish poor home
was a means of limiting expenditure by unions. Between 1846 and
1853 nearly 70,000 Irish paupers were 'removed' from Liverpool
and Manchester (p. 222), although Neal notes that the overall
number of Irish famine migrants who were sent back was small.
However, the threat of removal was a mechanism employed by poor
law guardians to reduce the level of claims in the hope that the
Irish would go elsewhere in search of relief. Painstaking
research on fragmentary official sources allows Neal to assess
the cost of the famine crisis in terms of relief and medical
care. These imprecise estimates suggest that in 1847 the cost
amounted to 2 per cent of overall expenditure on the poor in
England and Wales (p. 279). He concludes that the famine Irish
'did exert pressure on ratepayers in what was a disastrous year
for the economy' (p. 260 ).

The issue of costs leads to a consideration of the wider
implications of the study. In the introductory chapter Neal
reviews recent research on the Great Irish Famine and it is
regrettable that he did not place his detailed findings within
this larger body of literature in the concluding section. In
fact, his research provides further evidence of the inability of
established mechanisms for the relief of poor in Ireland and
Britain to cope with a disaster on the scale of the Great Irish
Famine. The 'new' poor law system was simply not designed to
deal with such a widespread level of distress. Of equal
significance is the fact that central government was unwilling
to take responsibility in financial terms for alleviating the
consequences of the famine from 1847 onwards in Britain and in
Ireland. Notwithstanding numerous pleas to central government
from the authorities in Liverpool, Manchester and Glasgow, local
ratepayers had to finance relief and medical aid which without
doubt resulted in more deaths and hardship for those most
affected by the failures of the potato crop in Ireland. This
refusal to fund relief and medical care is the most damning
indictment of government policy. Even though this policy was
mainly a consequence of concerns over the proper use of
exchequer resources, it was clearly influenced by ideological
concerns and negative images of Ireland and Irish people,
especially the landowning class.

Throughout this study Neal recounts touching individual stories
to illustrate the human face of the famine tragedy and this serves
to complement the densely written sections containing statistical
information and long quotations from primary sources. One obvious
omission from Neal's study is an explicit comparative dimension.
For instance, he rarely compares the operation of the poor law
in Britain with the situation in Ireland during the crisis which
would further enhance the analysis presented in this study.
Another instructive comparison would be with the responses in
the United States and Canada to the famine Irish or closer to
home with Highlanders in Glasgow also fleeing a similar failure
of the potato crop. Nevertheless, this book represents one of
the most important studies examining the consequences of the
Great Irish Famine to be published in recent years. It also
serves to illustrate how societies respond to an un-coordinated
influx of poverty-stricken migrants as a result of an economic
disaster, an issue that has contemporary resonance. The fact
that the response in 1847 was not wholly effective in stemming
mortality and the spread of 'Irish fever' reflects the
difficulties and problems associated with large-scale population
movements within a short time period. By reconstructing the
experiences of the famine Irish in Britain with authority and
compassion, Neal has produced a fascinating book that will be
required reading for those concerned with the study of the Great
Irish Famine and the history of the Irish world wide.

ENDA DELANEY
Queen's University Belfast

From Email Patrick O'Sullivan

The following book review was written for the H-Urban list, whose
administrators have kindly given permission for it to be shared with the
Irish-Diaspora list.

P.O'S.

F. Matthew Gallman. _Receiving Erin's Children: Philadelphia,
Liverpool, and the Irish Famine Migration, 1845-1855_. Chapel Hill,
NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2000. xii + 306 pp. $19.95
(paper), ISBN 0-8078-4845-X; $55 (cloth), ISBN 0-8078-2534-4.

Reviewed by Patrick O?Sullivan


In 1845 the potato blight appeared, and in 1846 the potato crop failed. In
October 1846 there was a food riot in the capital - sufficient warning to
the government that, if steps were not taken worse might occur. A member of
the government, who was also a physician, was put in charge of famine
relief. He collected information on harvests and grain prices throughout
Europe, and, with his advice, the government bought, in good time, supplies
of wheat, oats, maize and beans. In March 1847 the physician ordered an
inventory to be made of selected items of stored food in every community -
the government was thus able to predict which families might find themselves
in difficulty as the crisis developed.

In order to assess the volume of the next year's crop the physician
collected information from every community, acreage sown in grain and
planted in potatoes, seed needed and average yields. What the government
feared most was a repetition of the widespread famine that had occurred in
1816-17 - with the physician's guidance, famine was averted. The
physician's name was Johann Rudolph Schneider, and the government in
question was the cantonal government of Bern, in Switzerland. Meanwhile, in
the 1840s, in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland they managed
these things in rather different ways.

Salaman gave us, in 1949, the foundations of a social history of the
potato - we still do not have a comparative social history of the potato
blight, though the material is there to write one. Only one part of that
material is the extraordinary database that Dr. Schneider bequeathed to
historians of nutrition. The potato crop failed throughout Europe. But
famine did not appear throughout Europe. If we continue the implied
comparison between Bern and Ireland - and perhaps Bern and Ireland are the
extremes - two differences strike us: scale and policy.

Scale? - it is possible to argue, and it has been argued, that no nineteenth
century government could have coped adequately with a crisis of the size of
the Famine in Ireland. Policy? - but policy comes from philosophy, and
attitude. And the attitude of the Swiss democracies towards their hungry
citizens was certainly unlike the attitude of the London government towards
its Irish fellow subjects. London was guided by 'political economy' - that
odd mix of theology, social science and social distance.

There are many extraordinary gaps in Irish historiography, in the history of
the Irish Diaspora, and in the study of the Irish Famine and its
consequences - I have, perhaps, said enough about such gaps elsewhere. But
there are complex processes underway. We can think of these processes as
having two parts. First, there is the task of finding, and redefining, the
areas in which study of the Irish Famine might take place ? and this is, in
part, a search for new sources and new approaches. Second, there is the
task of re-integrating the study of the Irish Famine within the study of
Irish history, with its many sub-departments. Noting, in turn, that those
sub-departments will have connections with areas of scholarship outside
Irish history ? and that these may well, in turn, regard the Irish Famine as
an uninteresting anomaly. I think I have indicated that, in my view, the
study of the Irish Famine and its consequences will be inter-disciplinary
and comparative. And it will be difficult.

Broadly, British policy in Ireland gave the problem of the consequences of
the potato blight - not to the atomized, selfish individual of economic
theory - but to poor Irish families. These families, collectively and
severally, launched a most unusual response in the history of responses to
famine crises ? a mass migration across very great distances. The famine
migration occurred because the famine migration was possible ? this is more
than a truism. As Robert Scally has pointed out, with his notion of ?the
Liverpool system?, there was a transport network in place for these Irish
families to use. And very often these Irish families were trying to reach
other members of the family, already based outside Ireland. The famine
migration occurred because there was already in place a scattered Irish
diaspora that could be appealed to for help. If we want a simple outline of
what these Irish families were trying to do ? and this perception comes from
the work of Frank Neal and Marianna O?Gallagher: they were trying to save
the children.

Of course, I was intrigued to be asked to comment on J. Matthew Gallman,
Receiving Erin?s Children. Gallman?s specialism is the history of
Philadelphia, USA. And, I deduce, seeing how much material there was in the
archives about the consequences of the famine refugee influx in
Philadelphia, he developed the notion of comparing Philadelphia?s
experiences with those of Another City. The city he chose, for purposes of
comparison, was Liverpool, England. This book is not so much about the
famine refugees themselves, though they are in the pages, treated with
sympathy and understanding. The famine refugee migration is like a natural
disaster, a typhoon or an earthquake ? and the interest for the historian of
cities is to see how these two cities, at the mid point of the nineteenth
century, responded to and coped with the crisis.

Gallman?s book has seven chapters. A first, general chapter, ?Immigrants
and Hosts?, looks at the cities of Philadelphia and Liverpool before the
famine refugee migrations. The next chapter, ?Migration and Reception?,
looks at the welcome, or otherwise, that the refugees met in the two cities,
and the concerns their arrival raised. Then are launched the five chapters
that form the core of the book, very detailed studies of local government in
action in the areas of Poor Relief, Medical Care, Environmental Reform,
Sectarian Conflict and Education, and Public Order. I was impressed by
Gallman?s mastery of the arguments and the detail here ? and his book is
certainly to be recommended to anyone interested in the fine detail of those
aspects of urban history.

However, about halfway through, the reader begins to feel an unease ? is the
book ever going to contrive to more than a history of those five themes of
social policy and practice in Philadelphia, interleaved with a history of
those five themes in Liverpool? The book becomes a very hard, and sometimes
confusing, read ? in ways that do not do justice to the writer?s knowledge.
Gallman knows the Philadelphia material very well, of course ? and he has
clearly worked hard to master the material on Liverpool, as anyone familiar
with the sources and the scholars of Liverpool?s history must generously
acknowledge. It is sad that, evidently, Gallman completed his text before
the publication of Peter Gray, Famine, Land and Politics: British Government
and Irish Society, 1843?50, and Frank Neal, Black ?47, Britain and the
Famine Irish, which deal more substantially with the issues raised in this
review. Though Frank Neal?s articles are a constant influence.

Gallman?s main difficulty ? and one wonders if this struck the writer, as he
wrote, with mounting horror ? is not so much that Philadelphia and Liverpool
are different. It is always possible to find differences ? but are they, in
the classic phrase, differences that make a difference? Is this a
comparison that really illuminates?

What strikes the reader, and Gallman acknowledges frequently, is how very
alike the two cities were in their responses to this typhoon, this
earthquake, this refugee influx. The cities were at very similar stages of
development, in countries driven by very similar ideological debates. The
approach that Gallman does try to develop is the one about American
exceptionalism and commitment to voluntarism ? but even here he finds
himself quarrelling with himself. Witness the revealing parentheses on page
47: ??Liverpool?s officials turned to Parliament for answers. The
Philadelphians had no such assumptions about their federal government. (Of
course, Parliament did not share Liverpool?s assumptions about national
intervention.)? Here the United Kingdom Parliament, the USA federal
government, and the City of Philadelphia seem to be in agreement. Frank
Neal has shown, in great detail, how the decisions of the British government
forced back on to local government the costs of the crisis. Liverpool had
cause to complain.

For there are ways in which - as I have already indicated - Liverpool was
different from Philadelphia. And this difference is signaled from the very
first page of Gallman?s book ? in a way that I find intriguing. I have said
that, in the crisis, Irish families appealed to members of the family
already settled outside Ireland. I asked for new sources, and Gallman
brings them to us - in the archives of a Philadelphia shipping company, H. &
A. Cope, bundles of steerage tickets, originally bought in Philadelphia by a
family member or friend, sent to Ireland, used by a young person to make the
voyage from Ireland to Philadelphia, collected there and stored. Very often
the purchaser of the ticket scribbled some words of advice on the back,
before posting it to Ireland ? very often the tickets are ripped in half, by
the company?s agent, leaving us with only half the message. On the back of
the ticket used to voyage to Philadelphia by eighteen year old Ann Murphy,
of Belfast, in July 1847, the purchaser, Theodore Wilson ? an Irish man
living in Philadelphia ? has squeezed in much useful advice. Including
this: ??get put on board the steamer for Liverpool?? As far as the famine
refugee migrations are concerned, comparing Philadelphia with Liverpool is
like comparing a spoke with a hub.

Patrick O?Sullivan

- --
Patrick O'Sullivan
Head of the Irish Diaspora Research Unit

Email Patrick O'Sullivan
Email Patrick O'Sullivan

Irish-Diaspora list
Irish Diaspora Studies http://www.brad.ac.uk/acad/diaspora/

Personal Fax National 0870 284 1580
Fax International +44 870 284 1580

Irish Diaspora Research Unit
Department of Interdisciplinary Human Studies
University of Bradford
Bradford BD7 1DP
Yorkshire
England

From: "C. McCaffrey"
Organization: Johns Hopkins University
Subject: Australia information

As we have recently been talking about Irish Empire I was told by some
of the production team that one reason it has not been shown in the US
in that there is 'too much stuff on Australia in it' - well. this is
precisely why I would very much like to view it. However, in the
absence of this could anyone on the list from Australia suggest some
comprehensive reading on the subject of the Irish in Australia? I want
to incorporate this into an Irish history class that I teach so I don't
want just statistics, I am looking for human stories on Duffy el al and
the entire experience of how the Irish were received there and
contributed to the development of Australian 'consciousness' . Any
publications that you might recommend?
Thanks,
Carmel

From: Tracy Ryan
Subject: Re: Ir-D Advice: Irish in Australia

Hi, I'm an Aussie and a little detached from this
subject at the moment though I'm supposed to be
working on it!

You would start with Patrick O'Farrell's _The Irish in
Australia_ and/or anything else by him; I'm not saying
he's _right_ on everything, but he's very
comprehensive and has plenty of the human
interest/contribution stuff. Also there is a
collection of letters home from Irish in Australia
called _Oceans of Consolation_ ed's name escapes me
because I haven't got it here right now -- and what I
do have right by me, _Irish Women in Colonial
Australia_ ed Trevor McClaughlin.

If these are already familiar and obvious to you I can
look up some more -- just I'm overseas at the moment
and don't have all my resources to hand. There have
been conference materials published too.

Cheers,
Tracy.

__________________________________________________
Do You Yahoo!?
Yahoo! Auctions - buy the things you want at great prices
http://auctions.yahoo.com/

From: Kerby Miller
Subject: Re: Ir-D Advice: Irish in Australia


Dear Carmel,

Back in the early or mid-1990s, when I was preparing for an
aborted Fulbright semester in New Zealand, I put together a
bibliography on the Irish in Australia and New Zealand.

It is, therefore, dated, and unfortunately I have not since
had time to update it (and I would welcome input from other scholars
as to recent books and articles that should be added).

Nevertheless, here it is.

All the best,

Kerby Miller.




>From: "C. McCaffrey"
>Organization: Johns Hopkins University
>Subject: Australia information
>
>As we have recently been talking about Irish Empire I was told by some
>of the production team that one reason it has not been shown in the US
>in that there is 'too much stuff on Australia in it' - well. this is
>precisely why I would very much like to view it. However, in the
>absence of this could anyone on the list from Australia suggest some
>comprehensive reading on the subject of the Irish in Australia? I want
>to incorporate this into an Irish history class that I teach so I don't
>want just statistics, I am looking for human stories on Duffy el al and
>the entire experience of how the Irish were received there and
>contributed to the development of Australian 'consciousness' . Any
>publications that you might recommend?
>Thanks,
>Carmel

Akenson, Donald H. Half the world from home:
perspectives on the Irish in New Zealand,
1860- 1950. Wellington: Victoria University Press, 1990.
_____________, "Immigration and ethnicity in New Zealand and the
U.S.A.--the Irish
example," in Akenson, ed., New worlds? The comparative
history of New Zealand and the
United States. Wellington, 1991, 28-52.
____________, "Reading the texts of rural immigrants: letters from
the Irish in Australia,
New Zealand, and North America," in, Canadian papers in rural
history, VII (1990).
_____________. Small differences: Irish Catholics and Irish
Protestants, 1815-1922: an
international perspective. Kingston: McGill-Queen's
University Press, 1988.
Amos, K. The Fenians in Australia. Kensington: New South
Wales University Press, 1988.
Bellam, Michael, "The Irish in New Zealand," Familia, vol. 2,
no. 1 (1985).
Bolton, G. C., ed. The Oxford history of Australia. 4 vols.
Melbourne: Oxford U. Press, 1986+.
Brosnahan, S., "Battle of the boroughs," New Zealand Journal of
History, 28, no. 1 (1994).
Bull, P., et al., eds. Irish-Australian studies: papers
delivered at the sixth Irish-Australian
conference. Melbourne: LaTrobe University, 1992.
Camm, J. C. R., and John McQuilton, eds. Australians: a
historical atlas. Broadway, N.S.W.,
1987.
Campbell, Malcolm C. "Kingdom of the Ryans: aspects of
Irish-Australian society in southwest
New South Wales, 1816-1890." Ph.D. dissertation, University of
New South Wales,
1989.
_______________, "The other immigrants: comparing the Irish in
Australia and the United
States," Journal of American ethnic history (Fall 1995),
forthcoming.
Campion, Edmund. Australian Catholics. Penguin, 1987.
Clark, C. M. H. A history of Australia. 3 vols. Melbourne,
1962-87. On anti-Catholicism, see
II, 170-4, 240-2, and III 345-6.
Cleary, P. S. Australia's debt to Irish nation builders.
Sydney, 1933.
Crowley, Frank, ed. A new history of Australia. Melbourne,
1974.
Davis, Richard P. Irish issues in New Zealand politics,
1868-1922. Dunedin: University of
Otago Press, 1974.
Davitt, Michael. Life and progress in Australasia. London, 1898.

Doyle, David N., "The Irish in Australia and the United States: some
comparisons, 1800
1939," Irish historical studies, XVI (1989), 73-94.
Fairburn, M. The ideal society and its enemies: the Foundations
of modern New Zealand society,
1850-1900. Auckland: Auckland University Press, 1989.
Familia, vol. 2, no. 5 (1989). Special issue on the Irish
in New Zealand.
Fitzpatrick, David. Home or away? Immigrants in colonial
Australia. Canberra: Highland
Press, 1992.
____________, "Irish emigration in the later nineteenth century,"
Irish historical studies,
22 (September 1980).
____________. Oceans of consolation: personal accounts of Irish
migration to Australia.
Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1994.
_____________, Eric Richards, and Richard Reid, eds. Visible
immigrants: neglected
sources for the history of Australian immigration.
Canberra: Highland Press, 1989.
Fraser, L. A. "Community, continuity and change: Irish Catholic
immigrants in nineteenth
century Christchurch." Ph.D. dissertation, University of
Canterbury, 1993.
_______, "'The ties that bind': Irish Catholic testamentary evidence
from Christchurch,
1876-1915," New Zealand Journal of History, 29, no. 1
(April 1995).
Grimshaw, P., et al. Creating a nation, 1788-1990.
Melbourne: Penguin, 1994.
Hogan, John Francis. The Irish in Australia. London, 1887.
Hogan, Michael. The sectarian strand: religion in Australian
history. Ringwood, Victoria,
1987.
Hughes, Robert. The fatal shore. London, 1987.
Ingham, S. M. Enterprising migrants: an Irish family in
Australia. Melbourne, 1975.
Jackson, H. Churches and people in Australia and New Zealand,
1860-1930. Wellington: Allen
& Unwin, 1987.
Jupp, J. Immigration. Sydney: Oxford University Press, 1991.
Jupp, James, ed. The Australian people: an encyclopedia of the
nation, its people, and their
origins. Sydney, 1988.
Kavanagh, P. J. Finding connections. London: Hutchinson, 1990.
Kiernan, Colm, ed. Australia and Ireland: bicentenary
essays. Dublin: Gill & Macmillan,
1986.
__________. Daniel Mannix and Ireland. Dublin: Gill &
Macmillan, 1984.
__________, ed. Ireland and Australia. Dublin and Cork:
Mercier Press, 1984.
Kiernan, T. J. The Irish exiles in Australia. Dublin and
London, 1954.
MacDonagh, Oliver, "The Irish in Victoria, 1851-91: a demographic
essay," in T. D. Williams,
ed., Historical studies VIII (Dublin, 1969).
____________, and W. F. Mandle, eds. Ireland and
Irish-Australia. London: Croom Helm,
1986._
_________________________, eds. Irish-Australian studies: papers
delivered at the
fifth Irish-Australian Conference. Canberra, 1989.
MacDonald, C. A woman of good character: single women as
immigrant settlers in nineteenth
century New Zealand, 1850-1900. Auckland: Auckland
University Press, 1989.
Madgwick, R. B. Immigration into eastern Australia,
1788-1851. Sydney, 1969 [1937].
Malony, John. The Roman mould of the Australian Catholic
church. Melbourne, 1969.
McConville, Chris. Croppies, Celts and Catholics: the Irish in
Australia. Caulfield East,
Victoria: Edward Arnold, 1987.
____________, "Victorian Irish emigrants and families, 1851-1891," in
P. Grimshaw
et al. Families in colonial Australia. Sydney,
1985.
McGill, David. The lion and the wolfhound: the Irish rebellion
on the New Zealand goldfields.
Grantham House, N.Z., 1990.
Moran, P. F. The history of the Catholic church in Australia.
Sydney, 1896.
Murphy, B. The other Australia: experiences of migration.
Melbourne: Cambridge University
Press, 1993.
Nicholas, S., ed. Convict workers: reinterpreting Australia's
past. Melbourne: Cambridge
University Press, 1988.
O'Brien, John, and P. Travers, eds. The Irish emigrant experience
in Australia. Dublin:
Poolbeg Press, 1991.
O'Farrell, Patrick, "How Irish was New Zealand," Irish studies
review, 9 (Winter 1994-95).
____________. Letters from Irish Australia, 1825-1929.
Sydney: New South Wales
University Press, 1984.
____________. The Catholic church and community: an Australian
history. Sydney: New
South Wales University Press, 1985.
____________. The Irish in Australia. Kensington: New South
Wales University Press,
1987.
____________, "The Irish in Australia and New Zealand," in W. E.
Vaughn, ed. A new history
of Ireland, Vol. 5: Ireland under the union, 1801-70.
Oxford: Clarendon, 1989.
____________. Through Irish eyes: Australian & New Zealand
images of the Irish, 1788
1948. Dublin: Gill & Macmillan, 1995-96.
____________. Vanished kingdoms: Irish in Australia and New
Zealand. Kensington: New
South Wales University Press, 1990.
Oliver, W. H. Oxford history of New Zealand. Wellington:
Clarendon, 1981.
O'Kane, Frances. A path is set: the Catholic church in the Port
Phillip district. Melbourne,
1974.
O'Sullivan, Patrick, ed. The Irish world wide series. Six
vols. Leicester: Leicester University
Press, 1992-1996. Includes numerous articles about the Irish
in Australasia.
Parkhill, Trevor, "'Prospects of this new colony': letters of
Ulster emigrants to New Zealand,
1840-1900," British review of New Zealand studies, 4
(1991).
___________, "'That infant colony': aspects of Ulster emigration to
Australia, 1788
1860," Familia: Ulster generalogical review, II (1987),
57-68.
Pelan, R., et al., eds. Irish Australian Studies: papers
delivered at the seventh Irish-
Australian conference. Sydney: Crossing Press, 1994.
Reece, Robert, "Writing about the Irish in Australia," Working
papers in Australian studies,
No. 23 (Australian Studies Centre, Institute of Commonwealth
Studies, 1987), 12-14.
Reid, Richard. "Aspects of Irish assisted emigration to New
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From: "Richard Jensen"
Subject: No Irish Need Apply in Vermont

Forwarded for information from...

http://www.theunionleader.com/Articles_show.html?article=14113&archive=1

Manchester New Hampshire, "Union Leader"
Web Edition Thursday, Apr. 26, 2001
Editorials - April 27, 2001

The Irish vs. the MIK:
Vanity plates and a judge's silly judgment


NUTTY JUDGES are not just a New Hampshire thing. In a deliciously ironic
decision Wednesday, a Vermont judge whose own license plate reads "MIK"
ruled
a Vermont woman's "IRISH" license plate was racist and therefore unlawful.
It's not that the word "Irish" is racist in itself or meant in a racist
manner by defendant Carol Ann Martin, the "MIK" judge explained. It's just
that if Martin were allowed to keep her IRISH vanity plate, somebody else
could construe it as racist, or a racist could apply for a plate that read
"NOIRISH" (as in the old "No Irish Need Apply" mantra.) And that just
wouldn'
t do, according to Judge "MIK."

Does this Vermont Superior Court judge - Matthew I. Katz - not realize that
by his logic his license plate is apt to offend every Irish-American who has
ever been called a Mc/Mic/Mick? A "dirty mick"? A "drunken mick"? An "ugly
mick"? According to his ruling, it doesn't matter whether he intended his
license plate to be offensive, or that it's only a coincidence that the
initials his mother gave him spell out an ethnic epithet.

By his own logic, MIK ought to change his own vanity plate before he offends
a hyper-sensitive person. But we wouldn't wish his own bizarre reasoning and
political correctness on him or anybody else.

- - Bernadette Malone Connolly