From Email Patrick O'Sullivan

The quiet launch of
http://www.irishdiaspora.net

Which should be pronounced - I suppose 'Irish Diaspora Dot Net...'

Long term members of the Irish-Diaspora list will know that we, here in
Bradford, have a number of recurring and interlinked gripes and worries.

For example... We would like to regularly update and add new items to our
academic website
Irish Diaspora Studies http://www.brad.ac.uk/acad/diaspora/
But found that, in an everchanging software environment, an inordinate
amount of our time was spent mastering and remastering computer software -
and, in the end, this was a waste of our time. It is not what we are here
to do, it is not our metier.

For example... We would like to have a simple system wherby Irish-Diaspora
list members could share information about themselves and their interests,
without clogging the actual Ir-D list email forum. And we have tried, in
the past, to set up such a system. But we have never found a way of doing
this that did not involve us in (again) an inordinate amount of work, and in
a way that met some minimal security requirements.

Recently I have quietly put in place a secondary web site - easiest to reach
through...
http://www.irishdiaspora.net

That web site is very much still under development - and still needs some
design work and tidying. It makes use of a new product called PAPERS which
allows us to display text on the web through a simple Copy & Paste procedure
from a standard word processor.

I have put some existing items on that Web site - study guides by Brian
McGinn and Donald MacRaild, for example - just to make sure that it worked.
I have now begun to put new material there.

First... I have placed there
IRISH MILITARY HISTORY: AN INTRODUCTORY BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY ON
SECONDARY WORKS.
by Paul V. Walsh

This is a wonderful resource, and we are grateful to Paul Walsh for making
it available to us.

I plan to use the irishdiaspora.net site as a sort of holding pen, until we
have time to take on the business of detailed copy-editing and html coding
of material for the permanent academic web site. It has always seemed very
wrong - and has distressed us here - that, when people have made Irish
Diaspora Studies research material available to us for sharing, we have not
been able to do so. Simply because of pressure of time and resources.
Hopefully, irishdiaspora.net solves that problem.

It will also be possible to use irishdiaspora.net to display Irish-Diaspora
list material, Frequently Asked Questions, Guidelines and so on, and
ultimately to develop there a resource that will allow us to better serve
the Irish Diaspora scholarly community.

Patrick O'Sullivan

- --
Patrick O'Sullivan
Head of the Irish Diaspora Research Unit

Email Patrick O'Sullivan
Email Patrick O'Sullivan

Irish-Diaspora list
Irish Diaspora Studies http://www.brad.ac.uk/acad/diaspora/
Irish Diaspora Net http://www.irishdiaspora.net

Personal Fax National 0870 284 1580
Fax International +44 870 284 1580

Irish Diaspora Research Unit
Department of Interdisciplinary Human Studies
University of Bradford
Bradford BD7 1DP
Yorkshire
England

From Email Patrick O'Sullivan

This book review has been distributed by the H-SAfrica list. It will be of
interest to Irish Diaspora Studies because of the chapter by Colin J.
Davis, of course - but also because of the wider connections made by the
appearance of Colin's chapter in this collection... As the reviewer, Derek
Catsam, indicates...

P.O'S.


H-NET BOOK REVIEW
Published by H-SAfrica[at]h-net.msu.edu (May, 2001)

Peter Alexander and Rick Halpern, eds. _Racializing Class,
Classifying Race: Labour and Difference in Britain, the USA and
Africa_. St. Antony's Series. New York: St. Martin's Press, 2000.
xi + 250 pp. Index, chapter notes. $69.95 (cloth), ISBN
0-312-22999-2.

Reviewed for H-SAfrica by Derek Catsam ,
Contemporary History Institute, Ohio University.

'Race, Class and Gender from the Particular to the General'

This diverse collection of essays stems from a 1997 conference on
labor and difference held at Oxford's St. Antony's College. The
essays explore issues of race and class and the construction of
working class identity in The United States, Africa, and Britain.

A close reading of many of these essays will reward readers,
especially those who choose to focus on their own areas of
expertise. Many of the chapters speak to one another, albeit not
directly, and for historians of labor and the working class this
collection deserves a reading. Of course, edited conference
collections often are uneven in quality, with some essays stronger
than others, some fitting the prevailing themes better than others,
and occasionally with the whole not cohering as well as the editors
envisioned, especially when seeking to cover a wide range of
geographic space and historical time. In this book, the
contributions are not comparative essays for the most part, hence
most readers will tend to view the contents from within their own
particular historiographical limitations. Furthermore, at nearly $70
this book will be out of range for most students, an irony given the
inquiry into working class identity that the essays contained herein
undertake.

David Montgomery's revised conference keynote address is a strong
way to begin the book. He explores far-ranging themes over time and
geography, with the purpose of "exploring the relationship between
the different trajectories of working-class movements in those three
corners of the Atlantic World during the twentieth century and the
changing patterns of imperial domination and rule, with the hope of
formulating meaningful questions about the relationship of empire,
race and class in modern life." (p. 1) He is currently working on a
history of the Left in the twentieth-century United States, a broad
topic, and in his essay provides a similarly broad (and occasionally
breezy) treatment of his themes, tying them in to colonialism and
imperialism, wage labor both free and unfree, and the transition
from imperialism (or neoimperialism) to internationalism. The
question of how societies have reconciled this transition is one of
the linking themes connecting all the essays in this book, and
Montgomery provides a solid introduction to this issue. He gives a
generally good synthesis of these themes, together with a somewhat
scattered survey of the historiography. He succinctly elucidates the
overarching importance of the nation-state and how workers reacted
within the constraints and opportunity that the nation-building
process posed, and how globalism and internationalism have changed
historians' focus on the national synthesis. He concludes that at
century's end the connected "dialogue of race and class has not been
resolved" but instead has given way to "new forms of domination and
conflict." (p. 25)

Montgomery's general overview gives way to more particular essays.
The next two are concerned primarily with diverse topics related to
the experience in the United States. A. Yvette Huginnie explores
race and labor in Arizona from 1840 to 1905, while Venus Green
discusses gender and whiteness in the Bell telephone system from
1900 to 1970.

Huginnie effectively reveals how the concept of race in nineteenth
century Arizona involved not the standard black-white division, but
rather focused more on the question of white relations with Mexican
immigrants who often went, or were brought to, Arizona as a cheap
labor force. Often race and regionalism are tied together in studies
of the United States South. This essay reveals that regionalism can
bring to light other elements of the American racial divide. Venus
Green uses the linkages between the expectations of gender and
whiteness to explore the idea of the "Lady telephone operator" in
the Bell telephone system in the first seven decades of the
twentieth century. She argues that while white women were expected
to adhere to certain gender stereotypes, they also benefited from
the racial double standard that prevailed, and thus were both
victims and perpetrators of sexism and racism.

Colin J. Davis engages in one of the few explicitly comparative
endeavors in the collection. He explores notions of Irish identity
among dockworkers in London and New York City in the years after the
Second World War. His fundamental argument is that the Irish
'transplants' in New York maintained a stronger sense of Irish
nationalism than did their London cohort. Davis argues that the
reason for this was that prevailing racial and ethnic sentiments in
the United States forced Irish workers to hold on strongly to an
ethnic identity that in turn allowed them to retain relatively
lucrative jobs. In London, however, the Irish were more successfully
able to integrate into a less racially stratified working class. The
comparative dimension of this chapter is one that this reviewer
wishes had occurred more frequently throughout the book.
Nevertheless, the editors do make use of comparative, as well as
transitional, essays. Thus whilst the first group of essays focus on
American questions, Davis' comparison of the United States and
Britain leads naturally into the next group, consisting of two
chapters on British themes. This provides a coherent structure and
encourages the reader to tackle the book from beginning to end
rather than jumping back and forth as is often the case with edited
collections.

The two essays on race and ethnicity in Great Britain both provide a
glimpse of racial and ethnic tensions from the vantage point of
organized labor. Kenneth Lunn embraces the question of immigrants in
the labor pool, while Satnam Virdee explores racism within the
British Trade Union Movement. Lunn identifies gaps in the current
historiography of labor movement attitudes toward race and expresses
the need for historians to fill those gaps. This is an important
essay, but its focus on historiography sometimes loses track of
history, and thus does not serve a broader reading audience as well
as do other essays more effective at crossing subgenres of
historical study. Virdee's essay is an ambitious attempt to
reexamine what many radical black critiques have painted as the
unreconstructed racialism of British labor movements. Virdee instead
reveals how by the 1970s, many in the labor movement became aware
that only by forming a broad coalition based on the interests of the
working classes, and particularly unionized workers, could issues of
class trump those of race. This had not been the case in the 1950s
and 1960s. The first part of Virdee's article is perhaps unduly
theoretical, but the second part marks an important effort at
revisionism, in which he moves the debate on this subject to what
will hopefuly be a more fertile field for discussion.

The next essay links labor experiences in Britain and Africa. Diane
Frost explores labor conflict in Britain and West Africa, and
specifically in the port cities of Liverpool and Freetown. The first
part of her essay is a fascinating exploration of stevedore work in
Sierra Leone, an occupation dominated by the Kru, an ethnic group
with roots in Liberia but which maintained a dominating presence in
the coastal city of Freetown as a consequence of the Kru talent for
and history of seafaring. Frost explores ethnic conflict within an
African society, coming to the conclusion that the British, who
controlled the ships and the shipping industry, were content to
exploit ethnic differences both perceived and real. This
characteristic of indirect colonial rule is a familiar one to
students of Africa and colonialism generally, and Frost deftly shows
how it applied in West Africa throughout the colonial era. She also
briefly discusses labor in Liverpool. The subtle differences in
ethnicity evident in Sierra Leone (between the Kru and other groups,
such as the Mende and Temne) are contrasted to a more apparently
clear-cut binary of black versus white in Liverpool where white
workers used race as a justification to exclude black competition.
White labor used race to maintain their privileged status, but at
the same time also had ongoing conflict with their white employers.
The white laborers of Liverpool's shipyards were victims of class
conflict while simultaneously perpetrating racial division. One
wishes that Frost might have expanded this fascinating discussion,
one of the most enriching in the volume.

Again, a comparative essay leads to a seamless transition. Following
Frost, there are two essays on Africa that differ dramatically in
geographical and thematic focus. Carolyn Brown examines gender, race
and labor struggle in the Nigerian coal industry from 1937 to 1949.
Gary Minkley looks at tensions on the docks of East London in South
Africa's eastern Cape.

Brown's rich essay explores the work conditions and labor struggles
in the coal industry in Enugu in Southeastern Nigeria. She is
especially effective at revealing the tensions between the white
British mine managers and the (African nationalist) black colliers
who comprised the majority of the mine work force. She also shows
how indirect rule perpetuated many of the inequities that lasted
after the Second World War. Brown's main focus is on race and the
workplace struggle but she also explores the gendered nature of the
mining community. However, while she periodically touches upon
issues of masculinity, this component is not developed as well as it
perhaps could be.

Gary Minkley examines labor tensions on East London's waterfront
from approximately 1930 to 1963. Unlike in most other case studies
reported in this collection, the intensification of apartheid
policies meant that with the passage of time South African labor
gained less, not more, freedom to organize. Minkley reveals the
changing nature of dock work in East London and shows how the state
managed to force a more regimented labor system onto workers. He
could have been more explicit about the effects of the
implementation of apartheid on the labor situation, but his essay
does reveal the way in which race trumped class in South African
labor relations. He also engages in some suggestive comparisons with
the experiences of workers in the port cities of Mombasa, Lourenco
Marques, and Durban. An expansion of this discussion would be more
than welcome.

The book concludes with another synthetic essay by a preeminent
historian. Just as David Montgomery began the book with an essay
ambitious in scope and range, Frederick Cooper of the University of
Michigan closes the book by summarizing some of the main themes
emanating from the 46 conference papers and placing them into a
wider context. Cooper makes linkages between the themes and uses
them as a springboard to a wide-ranging discussion of race, gender,
class and other forms of identity, deftly covering issues of
globalism, identity politics, construction of identities. He makes a
strong case for particularity while at the same time emphasizing the
importance of drawing larger conclusions from microhistorical study.
He draws together important strains not only from the conference,
but from the current literatures on labor history, race, class,
gender and politics ; in short a whole range of themes, ideas, and
theories. Even if, at times, his theoretical musings seem incomplete
they are nevertheless thought-provoking. This is an essay intended
to pull together connected and disparate strands from a particular
conference yet it also stands on its own and could be especially
effective in a graduate seminar where students could engage with
Cooper's arguments. It provides a substantial and important
conclusion to a worthwhile collection.

A few additional points: Given that this book is clearly intended
for a scholarly audience, why did the editors (or publishers) choose
to go with chapter endnotes rather than footnotes, which would have
made cross-referencing easier? On a more positive note, the
inclusion of a reasonably comprehensive index is applauded by this
reviewer. Often essay collections lack an index, but in this book,
where there is much possibility for comparison, its inclusion is not
merely handy, it is essential.

On the whole, this is a solid collection of essays that raise
serious questions about race, class, gender, labor politics,
difference, nationalism, globalism, colonialism, and comparative
history. Readers may gravitate more to some essays than to others,
but there is enough material here for many historians to learn a
great deal.

Copyright (c) 2001 by H-Net, all rights reserved. This work
may be copied for non-profit educational use if proper credit
is given to the author and the list. For other permission,
please contact H-Net[at]H-Net.MSU.EDU.

From Email Patrick O'Sullivan

Forwarded for information - I think this new discussion group will be of
interest to some Ir-D list members.

P.O'S.

From: Kevin Berland
Reply-To: 18th Century Interdisciplinary Discussion
To: C18-L[at]LISTS.PSU.EDU
Subject: New discussion: Ireland in the long eighteenth century

We are delighted to announce the launching of a new online forum, eire18-l,
for discussion of Irish studies across the disciplines in the long
eighteenth century.

New subscribers can join by sending mail to
mailto:eire18-l-subscribe-request[at]lists.psu.edu.
No subject or message text is required. The system picks up the name and
address from the e-mail headers.


People can also delete themselves from the list by simply sending mail to
mailto:eire18-l-unsubscribe-request[at]lists.psu.edu.
Again, no subject or message text is required.

Cheers -- Kevin Berland.

From Email Patrick O'Sullivan

I have pasted in below the Contents list and Editorial from the latest
Newsletter of the British Association
for Irish Studies, kindly made available to us by Jerry Nolan, the
Newsletter Editor.

The previous issue of the Newsletter included a version of David
Fitzpatrick's paper, from the Irish Diaspora conference at the University of
North London - and that paper was later distributed via the Irish-Diaspora
list. We discussed David's paper, a little - though the consensus seemed to
be that the paper was meant to be provocative, and we did not want to be
provoked.

However this issue of the Newsletter includes a 'rejoinder' by
Irish-Diaspora list member, Breda Gray - who has kindly agreed to our
sharing her text with the Ir-D list. Breda's text follows as a separate,
lengthy email

Our thanks to Jerry Nolan and to Breda Gray.

Note that there is a BAIS Web site contact point
http://www.bathspa.ac.uk/hum/bais/index.html.

P.O'S.

BAIS NEWSLETTER NO. 26 April 2001

Contents

Focus Interview: Marie Arndt 1
Battle in the Books: Irish Anthologies 6
Rejoinder in the Irish Diaspora Debate 8
Noticeboard 11
BAIS National Council 13
BAIS Membership Application Form 14
BAIS REGISTER 2001 Form 15


EDITORIAL
Two of the established features of the Newsletter - the Focus Interview
and the Battle in the Books ? appear in this issue as a result of new
books. The Focus Interview is occasioned by Marie Arndt?s forthcoming
critical study of Sean O?Faolain which is a timely reminder of the
relevance of O?Faolain?s writings to what is happening in Ireland today.
David Pierce?s vast single-volume anthology of Irish writing in the
twentieth century was the cue for inviting reflections, not on the
difficulties of copyright in reproducing extracts from Joyce?s work which
actually delayed the publication of the anthology, but on the why and how
of anthologists of Irish writing mustering their selections. I am most
grateful to Marie Arndt and David Pierce for their stimulating
contributions.

Very shortly after the appearance of the Newsletter No. 25, I was e-mailed
by Paddy O?Sullivan, Head of the Irish Diaspora Research Unit in the
University of Bradford about the importance of David Fitzpatrick?s piece in
Battle in the Books 5. Then a rejoinder was unexpectedly received from the
Centre for Migration Studies (Ionad na h-Imirce) in Cork University. I am
very happy to publish Breda Gray?s response to Professor Fitzpatrick?s
challenge which analyses Irish ethnicities and concludes by suggesting a
new centre of the Diaspora debate - back in the homeland itself. Many
thanks to Breda for this closely argued piece and for establishing the
precedent of readers using the Newsletter as a forum for debate on major
issues in Irish Studies. Perhaps I should mention here the good news about
the multidisciplinary conference being planned by the Irish Studies
Centre, University of Salford, 22-24 March 2002 with the salient theme of
?Constructions of Irishness: The Irish in Ireland, Britain and Beyond?.

Mary Doran has requested that the form, in preparation for the BAIS Research
Register 2001, should appear in this issue of the Newsletter. Members will
find this form for a first entry or for an update on the back cover page.

Copy and/or discs (Word 97) with articles, reports, notices, letters etc. to
be included in No. 27 should be sent to Jerry Nolan, 8 Antrobus Road,
Chiswick , London W4 5HY by 6 July 2001.
Email: Jcmnolan[at]aol.com

TAKEN FROM BAIS NEWSLETTER NO. 26 April 2001

A REJOINDER TO THE BATTLE ABOUT THE IRISH DIASPORA: IRISH ETHNICITIES
ABROAD AND AT HOME.
by Breda Gray

David Fitzpatrick?s Battle in the Books ?How Irish was the Diaspora from
Ireland?? raises a number of challenging questions for those interested in
the contested notion of ?the Irish Diaspora?. For example, he asks ?what
political and psychological factors have caused so many contemporary
Americans and Australians to claim certain nationalities of origin, but not
others?? This is an important question that calls for an investigation of
preconceived assumptions about the workings of ethnicity in the diaspora.
Instead of addressing the questions he poses in his introduction,
Fitzpatrick proceeds to focus mainly on the rational activities of
individual emigrants in adapting to their new environments and exploiting
opportunities open to them in the labour market.

Fitzpatrick rightly notes that it is impossible to define any set of
characteristics common to most of the inhabitants of Ireland, which is also
true of any component (in time and space) of what has only in recent years
become known as ?the Irish Diaspora?. I would argue that the term ?diaspora?
, as well as having many limitations in recent social theory, is an
empirically descriptive concept that enables us to begin to address the
questions raised by Fitzpatrick in his introductory remarks. It also enables
a range of questions to be asked: What is at stake for those elements of
the diaspora with hybrid backgrounds who claim Irishness at the beginning of
the twenty-first century? What are the conditions in which Irish identity in
the diaspora is invoked and disavowed (perhaps by the same individual)? How
do narratives of disadvantage, discrimination and cultural specificity,
despite evidence of economic achievement, (re)produce ?exotic? romantic and
rooted notions of Irishness? Is Irishness characterized in these terms seen
as more attractive at a time when US and British cultures are seen as
flattened out surfaces of global capitalism? Does the flow of cultural
products in a global market place make signs of authenticity, tradition and
rootedness particularly attractive? Why, instead of embracing potential
reasons for considering emigration as a ?British Isles? phenomenon, have
emigrants themselves and some academics represented a particularly ?Irish?
experience of emigration? Indeed, Irish emigration is often specifically
opposed to English and sometimes Scottish or Welsh experiences of
emigration, in terms of motivations, meanings, relationships to ?homeland?
and power relations. To what extent do particular intellectual habits frame
contemporary work on Irish identity and diaspora? Fitzpatrick identifies the
grandiose claims that continue to be made as a means of asserting a
distinctive even extraordinary Irish diasporic identity evident in Tim Pat
Coogan?s Wherever Green is Worn (London, 2000) and, I would argue, in the
recent series The Irish Empire. What kind of relationships to identity
produce such grandiose claims?

Although nostalgia is a feature of all contexts of social and personal
change, it is important to recognise the conditions in which it becomes a
central motif of identity and experience, and the work that nostalgia does
in preserving some elements of that culture, fictional or otherwise. Instead
of reducing ethnicity to a strategy of ?economic man or woman?, it is
important to recognise the links between displacement and reassertions of
ethnicity and the vitality this infuses into collective identifications. To
reduce an intergenerational experience of migration, integration and
relative economic success to economic strategies, as Fitzpatrick seems to
do, is to deny the significance of immigrant counter-cultures and their
changing manifestations in the overall diasporic experience. As emigration
presented opportunity for many migrants, it seems important to investigate
the relationships between economic success and cultural survival in the
diaspora and how these relationships might be structured differently in
different generations and for men and women.

Although there is evidence that the impact of anti-Irish rhetoric and
discrimination may have had little or no impact on economic attaintment, the
personal and collective experiences of anti-Irish racism in its many forms
should not be minimized. Further, this experence represents an important
element in the evident preservation of ethnic loyalties and cultural
identifications across generations. The politics of the family and everyday
life are edited from analyses that rely solely on statistics relating to the
occupational status and attainment of immigrants. In recent years, left
politics have become more concerned with ?identity sensitive? factors
affecting inequalities than with ?identity blind? inequalities which are
seen as an inevitable outcome of the capitalist economic system. In a
context where the ?politics of recognition? are taking centre ground, Irish
ethnic groups are not unique in marking out a political space on this
terrain. Perhaps some attention needs to be focused on state and local
government ?multicultural? legislative and policy initiatives that structure
particular formations of identity emphasising visibility, monitoring and
economic gain by identifying with particular constructions of the ?ethnic?.
It is also important to track disidentifications with ?Irish? as an ?ethnic?
identity in migrant communities as, for example, in the development of
?Scotch-Irish? identifications in the nineteenth century in the US and in
debates about the inclusion of ?Irish? as a separate category in the 2001
British Census.
Ethnicity is not just about economic disadvantage, indeed, the dynamics of
ethnic survival in the diaspora has much to tell us about the politics of
state formation, of immigration, religion and culture in their countries of
destination. Without a very close analysis of the processes that are
referred to by Fitzpatrick as ?the rational action? of Irish emigrants, it
is difficult to say that this action is ?unconditioned by ethnic
peculiarities of outlook?. The wider significances of ?ethnicity? in the US
and Australia are noted by Fitzpatrick when he refers to the power of the
?Irish vote?. Fitzpatrick also notes the increasing significance of the
?ethnic? category in a context of multiculturalism in which ?Irish identity
has so far proved more marketable than Britishness?. Although state and
corporate multiculturalisms are subject to passing fashions it is important
that Irish ethnicity, how it is claimed, lived and disavowed remains a topic
for research and analysis. As the social theorist Alberto Melucci argues,
ethnic and cultural identifications alongside having material or political
goals, also provide an important resource that helps address the challenges
of identity in a complex society.

Fitzpatrick suggests that at a time in which Irish ethnicity has become so
marketable, it has never been so ?bogus?. It is true that the globalised
simulation and commoditisation of Irish culture makes it harder to pin down
elements of Irish ethnicity, but the components of Irish identity have never
been fixed, and, hopefully, never will. Alhough Fitzpatrick is not convinced
of the case for studying a specifically Irish diaspora, I think that the
specific dynamics of Irish ethnicities in their particular locations in time
and space deserve continuing attention. All the more so, because we live in
a transnational world where ?Irish lives? in Ireland and abroad are
increasingly influenced by one another. Indeed, just as diasporic
communities are making claims to Irish identity for a variety of complex
and contradictory reasons, so the Irish state and media in the republic are
increasingly making claims to the diaspora as a means of locating the state
more centrally in relation to a globalised market and increasingly
globalised political sphere (see for example, the speeches of the Minister
for Foreign Affairs on Ireland?s membership of the UN Security Council). The
question of why an ?Irish diaspora? or differently structured ?Irish
ethnicities? exist as meaningful social categories and are maintained and
reproduced around the world as well as in Ireland, seems an important one to
keep on the academic agenda. Such questions point to the social structures,
relations and hierarchies within which groups and individuals live their
lives.

Fitzpatrick?s call for a focus on ?the peculiar part played by emigration
itself in Irish life? is most welcome and can be read as a counterargument
to the main thrust of his Battle in the Books piece. As he notes, the
particular experience of a country which witnessed ?the persistent removal
of over a third of each cohort of population?, and the outcome of which was
to ?create a people reared for emigration? deserves critical attention. It
is time that we began to investigate and theorise the ?profound effects of
emigration on Irish marriage practices, fertility, economic organisation,
political priorities, religious observance, and popular culture?. It is
precisely because ?the character of Irish society (had to be) transformed
by emigration? even well into the twentieth century, that the Irish Centre
for Migration Studies (ICMS) has recently established a national project
that focuses on the impact of mid-twentieth century emigation on Irish
society, north and south, by interviewing those who stayed. The project, via
the digital recording of interviews with individuals about their memories
and responses to emigration in this period, is identifying many of what
Fitzpatrick calls the ?domestic consequences? of mass emigration at
personal, family, local and national levels. There is no doubt that
?emigration became institutionalised, and regulated by powerful social
obligations and constraints?. However the personal and everyday experiences
of how these obligations and constraints were lived have heretofore not been
publicly articulated.

Questions of who had to go and who got to go, mirrored by who had to stay
and who got to stay, worked themselves out in close and often painful
negotiations within families, between parents and children, and between
siblings and were often unspoken of once the decisions were made. If, as
Fitzpatrick suggests, ?to be truly Irish one must leave Ireland?, what does
this mean for those who stayed? Such an assertion also forces us to consider
the particular formations of Irishness that these ?truly Irish? people
produced. Ironically, their political significance whether real or otherwise
is recognised in the countries they have migrated to more than in Ireland
where they are excluded precisely on the basis that, having emigrated, they
are no longer ?truly Irish?. There is much to be revealed about how
emigration has impacted on the political and cultural context of
contemporary Ireland and our often confused attitude to immigration.
Attitudes towards emigrants are complex and highly charged and, indeed, vice
versa. The ICMS project entitled Breaking the Silence: Voicing the
Experience of Staying ?at Home? in an Emigrant Society is beginning to
address these questions. The project involves the publication of those
interviews for which permission has been granted on the Internet in Real
Audio format at http://migration.ucc.ie/oralarchive

Irish diasporic identies are based on stories of dispersal, journeys, and
real or imagined ?homeland? and of movement towards new destinations,
economic opportunity, incorporation and identifications with countries of
residence. They are also constituted in relation to stories of staying,
return journeys and the mutual perceptions of those who left and those who
stayed at home. Instead of attempting to pin down a basis for how Irish the
diaspora from Ireland was (is), a question which potentially reproduces
notions of ?authentic? and ?bogus? Irishness, perhaps we need to
investigate the conditions that reproduce the ?Irish diaspora? and pay
attention to the many and often conflicting formations of Irishness that the
diaspora has produced and continues to produce at home and abroad. At the
same time as there is some movement beyond ?emigration? with its implicit
focus on leaving the homeland and exile through the concept of diaspora and
calls for other national histories to include the presence and contributions
of the Irish, in Ireland there is an emerging recognition that, for all our
talk, we really know very little about Irish emigration beyond the romantic
songs and stories. The liberal media in Ireland repeatedly invites us to
remember our experiences of emigration (as if it had totally stopped) as a
first step in embracing contemporary immigrants. However, if we haven?t
really come to terms with what emigration meant and continues to mean, how
can it be a resource to us in the present?


Breda Gray
Irish Centre for Migration Studies, Cork University

From: "C. McCaffrey"
Organization: Johns Hopkins University
Subject: St. patrick's parade

A student of mine asked a question about early saint Patrick's day
parades in the US. I have an old engraving of a Saint Patrick's day
parade in NY which dates to approximately the 1850s when presumably the
Irish in NY started to celebrate the day with a parade. Does anyone
know if there was any trouble with this from the local population? aka
our discussion on 'no Irish' I wondered if the very visible sign of a
parade was a problem.
Carmel

Our attention has been drawn to the following item...

For those interested in a different take on the inclusion of New York's
Lower East Side to the U.S. Register of Historic Places, see Max
Page's thought-provoking op-ed from the April 26, 2001 NY Daily News.

While he agrees that the Lower East Side merits inclusion on the
National Register list and praises those who have worked hard to
preserve and promote its history, he is critical of fact that only a
small and skewed segment of the famous area is included.

"Historic District Skews Story of Lower E. Side"
The URL is
http://www.nydailynews.com/2001-04-26/News_and_Views/Opinion/a-108779.asp

From: "William H. Mulligan, Jr"
Subject: Re: Ir-D St. Patrick's Day Parade

There are quite a few references to the New York St. Patrick's Day parade in
Bayor and Meagher's You might look at that. The parade
began well before the 1850s, I believe it was in the 1820s but can't locate
the exact date quickly. Savannah is another city with a very early St.
Patrick's Day parade.

Bill Mulligan
Murray State University

----- Original Message -----
From:
To:
Sent: Thursday, May 03, 2001 11:00 AM
Subject: Ir-D St. Patrick's Day Parade


>
> From: "C. McCaffrey"
> Organization: Johns Hopkins University
> Subject: St. patrick's parade
>
> A student of mine asked a question about early saint Patrick's day
> parades in the US. I have an old engraving of a Saint Patrick's day
> parade in NY which dates to approximately the 1850s when presumably the
> Irish in NY started to celebrate the day with a parade. Does anyone
> know if there was any trouble with this from the local population? aka
> our discussion on 'no Irish' I wondered if the very visible sign of a
> parade was a problem.
> Carmel
>

Forwarded for information...

Subject: Conference: Race in the Humanities
Date: May 3, 2001
From: Braziel Jana E
UPDATED CALL FOR PAPERS--PLEASE CIRCULATE & POST IN YOUR DEPT./UNIV.

A selected number of the papers presented at this conference may be
published in book form by a university press. We are currently working
out terms for this contract.
Race in the Humanities

The University of Wisconsin-La Crosse will hold an interdisciplinary
conference on Race in the Humanities from November 15-17, 2001. As the
organizers of the conference, we seek individual paper abstracts and
panel proposals related to the conference theme. We envision the
conference as an interdisciplinary venue that will allow students,
staff, and faculty to discuss the role of race in the humanities--both
within individual disciplines and within the foundations of humanistic
studies in the university. Four keynote speakers will present at the
conference---Molefi Asante (Africana Studies, Temple University);
Chester J. Fontenot, Jr. (English and African American Studies, Mercer
University); Charles W. Mills (Philosophy, University of Illinois at
Chicago); and Ishmael Reed, renowned African American author and
scholar.

In keeping with Mills?s theoretical interrogation of philosophy as a
racialized discipline, this conference will examine the constitutive
role that race has played in the formation of other disciplines in the
humanities, such as literary studies, women?s studies, art, art history,
history, and theatre. Critical discussions at the conference will not
merely reflect on the opening of canons---literary, historical,
artistic, philosophical---to minority writers, scholars, and thinkers
(although this shift is certainly a significant one that will inform our
discussions of race in the humanities), but it will also examine the
very foundations of humanistic, disciplinary, and interdisciplinary
studies in the humanities.

Research questions posed by the organizers of the conference, Race in
the Humanities, include:

· How are literary genres racialized? How have national
literatures erased ethnic and racial difference within its
nationalistic parameters of definition?
· How are definitions of history and historicity predicated on
notions of racial difference? (For example, Hegel?s notions
of world history as articulated in Philosophy of History.)
· How have the arts been constructed on racialized aesthetic
foundations? How have art historians shaped research through
racialized frames of enquiry and analysis? How, historically
and institutionally, have the arts benefited from the
institutions of slavery and colonialism?
· How has race been formative in the establishment of
disciplinary boundaries? And how do the methodologies of
disciplines perpetuate the racialization of knowledges?

We encourage submissions related, but not limited, to these research
questions. As an interdisciplinary and multi-ethnic conference for
faculty, staff, and students, the organizers also solicit papers that
address the following: race and research in the humanities; teaching
about race; race in the classroom; and myriad other topics related to
race in the humanities.

Conference topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

· the metaphysics and poetics of race
· race and history; postcolonial critiques of race and history
· race as philosophical idea; postcolonial critiques of race and
philosophy
· race as culturally-constructed metaphor
· race as linguistic imperialism and semantic colonization
· language as racial/national imperialism (Ngugi's ?colonization of
the mind?; Brathwaite?s ?nation- language?; and other postcolonial
models)
· historical genocides in Americas & humanistic renaissances in
Europe
· rhetorics of subpersonhood; race as inscriptions of Otherness and
alterity
· property as identity; identity as property
· race, racism, capitalism, global capitalism, and the (uncertain)
future of the humanities
· dialogues of monocultural flogging
· race and transatlantic passages (the Black Diaspora, the
Indo-Caribbean Diaspora, Jewish Diaspora and other transnational
migrations)
· literary and historical constructions of Old World/New World
· African diasporan religions (Vodou, Obeah, Santería, et cetera)
and political resistance
· race as ubiquitous trope in American literary, historical, and
social discourse
· race and theorizations of métissage, criollo, créole, créolité,
and hybridity
· racialization of minorities in the U.S. (African American, Asian
American, Latin/o
American, Native American, and other ethnic minorities)
· racialization of minorities globally (for example, Maghrebis in
France; Turks in Germany; Pakistanis and others in Britain)
· race, ethnic minorities, and citizenship in the U.S.
· race, ethnic minorities, and citizenship globally
· race and history; racial memory and historical monuments
· race, critical race theory, and legal discourse
· whiteness as institutionalized in humanistic disciplines
· privileges of whiteness; failures of whiteness


We strongly encourage submissions by faculty, graduate, and
undergraduate student researchers on the conference theme. We also plan
to hold a final ?round table discussion? (following the panels) to allow
for critical exchange of ideas generated by conference speakers and to
further encourage dialogue about the formative role of race in the
humanities.

Please submit extended abstracts (2-3 pages) and/or panel proposals with
a brief curriculum vitae by June 10, 2001 to the following address: Dr.
Joseph Young or Dr. Jana Evans Braziel, English Department, University
of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, WI 54601.

Email inquiries to young.jose[at]uwlax.edu or braziel.jana[at]uwlax.edu. For
more information, please visit the conference web site at
http://www.uwlax.edu/RaceConference

Sponsored by the University of Wisconsin System Office of Multicultural
Affairs, the UWL Foundation, the Noel J. Richards Fund, the College of
Liberal Studies at UWL, the Institute for Ethnic and Racial Studies at
UWL, the following UWL Departments: English, Philosophy, Foreign
Languages, Political Science/Public Administration,
Sociology/Archaeology, and Women?s Studies.

From: TGLynch[at]aol.com
Subject: Re: Ir-D St. Patrick's Day Parade

The first St. Patricks Day parade in New York was in 1766, when Irish
soldiers in the British army paraded in honor of their ethnicity and
homeland. For an intersting nativist take on later festiviities, see
Harpers
Weekly 6 April 1867, and Thomas Nast's biting cartoon "The Day We
Celebrate".
In March of 1866, Toronto's Church leaders and nativist politicians urged
the city's Irish Catholics to cancel their planned festivities, out of fear
that a Fenian invasion was to commence at that time. In later years, the
festivities in Sacramento and San Francisco were linked to anti-Chinese
activities, none of which materialized. For a discussion of the parade as
it developed, see Kenneth J. Moss "St. Patrick's Day Celebrations and the
Formation of Irish American Identity, 1845-1875." Journal of Social History,
Vol. XXIX, No. 1 (Fall, 1995), pp. 125-148.

Tim Lynch
CUNY- Graduate Center

From Email Patrick O'Sullivan

For reasons which I do not understand someone at the University of Kansas
has made available at

http://raven.cc.ukans.edu/~libsite/wwi-www/Ireland/IreTC.htm#TC

the full text of

IRELAND
AN ENEMY OF THE ALLIES?
(L'Irlande-Ennemie?)
TRANSLATED FROM THE FRENCH OF
R. C. ESCOUFLAIRE

NEW YORK
E. P. DUTTON & COMPANY
681 FIFTH AVENUE

COPYRIGHT, 1920,

M. Escouflaire - one angry Frenchman. Certainly worth reading as comment on
international perceptions of Ireland during World War 1. Note the remark on
'that chatterbox' Kuno Meyer...

P.O'S.

- --
Patrick O'Sullivan
Head of the Irish Diaspora Research Unit

Email Patrick O'Sullivan
Email Patrick O'Sullivan

Irish-Diaspora list
Irish Diaspora Studies http://www.brad.ac.uk/acad/diaspora/
irishdiaspora.net Archive http://www.irishdiaspora.net

Personal Fax National 0870 284 1580
Fax International +44 870 284 1580

Irish Diaspora Research Unit
Department of Interdisciplinary Human Studies
University of Bradford
Bradford BD7 1DP
Yorkshire
England

From Email Patrick O'Sullivan

We have been doing a bit of work on maps, here. The following web site will
be of interest...

http://www.rarebooks.nd.edu/Dept/Text/McGrath/index.html

This is the text of of map collector Thomas McGrath's Lecture, 1993, very
nicely presented with many maps of Ireland as illustrations. In fact, a
brief map history/history of maps of Ireland. The small images can be
enlarged, then captured.

P.O'S.

- --
Patrick O'Sullivan
Head of the Irish Diaspora Research Unit

Email Patrick O'Sullivan
Email Patrick O'Sullivan

Irish-Diaspora list
Irish Diaspora Studies http://www.brad.ac.uk/acad/diaspora/
irishdiaspora.net Archive http://www.irishdiaspora.net

Personal Fax National 0870 284 1580
Fax International +44 870 284 1580

Irish Diaspora Research Unit
Department of Interdisciplinary Human Studies
University of Bradford
Bradford BD7 1DP
Yorkshire
England

From: =?iso-8859-1?q?Dymphna=20Lonergan?=
Subject: Re: Ir-D Breda Gray - Rejoinder

I arrived in Australia thirty years ago. From the
beginning my accent marked me. I seldom proclaimed my
Irishness in public, however, I was always reminded of
it by comments about my accent. On hearing I was
Irish, most reponses have been positive and warm. On
the other hand I was usually asked to account for
every IRA 'atrocity' that made the Australian media
(two work colleagues in particular used to corner me
in the corridor on a regular basis for a 'chat'). I
adapted some of my pronunciation so I would be better
understood and consciously minimised my Irishisms.
Whenever I met with Irish people, however, I became
more at home once more, certainly with myself.

The result of all this is that most of the people who
visit my home are Irish. My children in turn have been
exposed to this small Irish community in Adelaide.
They have grown up with the songs, stories and
sayings. The question 'why do migrants choose one
ethnic ancestory over another?'suggests that there are
a number of choices that can be made. I suggest that
in many cases like my own, the culture has been passed
down to the next generation unconsciously. The choice
of one ancestory over another is already loaded. If
what has been passed down is pleasing, there is even
more reason to pursue that avenue. In the end there is
the simple fact that Irish culture has many elements
that are pleasing on a fundamental level.What those
elements are perhaps needs to be explored. Historians.
psychologists, sociologists, artists. anthropoligists
and linguists working together could answer some of
our questions. No matter how skilled we are at our
individual trades, may I suggest that we are all
working on only one piece of the puzzle.

Dymphna Lonergan
Flinders University of South Australia
Dymphna_1[at]Yahoo.com

From: "C. McCaffrey"
Subject: Re: Ir-D St. Patrick's Day Parade 3

This is very interesting because presumably then it was started by the
Protestant Irish of the Church of Ireland? Catholics were not admitted to
the
British Army at this time. So, when did the Ancient Order of Hibs take over
the
running of the parade in NY?
Carmel

irish-diaspora[at]Bradford.ac.uk wrote:

> From: TGLynch[at]aol.com
> Subject: Re: Ir-D St. Patrick's Day Parade
>
> The first St. Patricks Day parade in New York was in 1766, when Irish
> soldiers in the British army paraded in honor of their ethnicity and
> homeland.

From: DanCas1[at]aol.com
Subject: St. Patrick's Night Slave Revolt

A Chairde:

Re: First St. Patrick's Day (night) Celebration in America

I would argue that the true spirit of St. Patrick (a slave himself and
pre-modern abolitionist) was celebrated for the first time during the St.
Patrick's Slave Revolt of New York City, which began on St. Patrick's Day
Night, March 17, 1741.

These particular African and "Black" Irish St. Patrick's Day celebrants and
antislavery insurgents, along with a Catholic priest, were later feted by
being
hanged and burned at the stake by British colonial authorities, deeply and
profoundly influenced by the tenets of the Glorious Revolution, the
Enlightenment, and the Reformation (not necessarily in that order).

The Irish and African American Ur-Slum, the infamous Five Points District,
was later built on the site of the mass executions of the Irish and African
leaders of the New York St. Patrick's Slave Revolt . Today, the towering NYC
Criminal Courts Building looms ominously, but fittingly, over the forgotten
killing grounds.

It might interest some list members to know that this somewhat obscure first
New York St. Patrick's Day celebration was recently honored by the
African-American community in Cincinnati, Ohio.

So, the next time you toast St. Patrick be sure to toast Margaret the Kerry
Beauty and John Gwinn Caesar, the executed Irish and African martyrs,
lovers,
and leaders of the March 17, 1741 NY Slave Revolt. As well as the scores of
Africans, and Irish, and others executed for that rebellion.
*
Margaret of Kerry and John Caesar's African and Irish infant girl was
spirited away from British colonial authorities and disappeared into the NYC
insurgent underworld. In my mind I have always named her Saoirse : Freedom.
Someday, there will be a memorial celebration of that first true St.
Patrick's "celebration" in New York. Perhaps some of the descendants of that
lost child, Saoirse, will attend.

Beir Bua,

Daniel Cassidy
New College
San Francisco

From: Patrick Maume
Subject: Re: Ir-D Mullin and his 'Toiler's Life'


From: Patrick Maume

Dear Paddy,
I'm sorry for my delay in replying to this message - due to the
Easter break and a couple of journeys to give papers - one on the
Unionist and stage-Irish entertainer Robert Martin (who certainly
qualifies as a member of the Irish diaspora, though many of the
other members would have dearly liked to expel him therefrom with a
blunt instrument) in the Nineteenth-Century Ireland conference at
Southampton, the other in Oxford on my research in the history of the
IRISH INDEPENDENT.

TO get the necessary information out of the way first of all - THE
STORY OF A TOILER'S LIFE was reprinted last year in paperback by
University College Dublin Press as No.4 in their CLASSICS OF IRISH
HISTORY series with an introduction by me. It costs IR£14.99 and can
be ordered through the UCD Press website at or by
wiriting to Barbara Mennell, University College Dublin Press, 86 St.
Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Republic of Ireland. ISBN 1-900621-40-1;
ISSN 1393-6883.

In relation to Mullin's personality - my feelings about him are
somewhat mixed. This may reflect the fact that my primary interest
was in the Irish end of the book and the story of his earlier life -
my expertise on the Cardiff end is rather limited. Certainly the
later Mullin does show signs of a rather complacent cynicism (e.g. his
1899 statement, quoted in Paul O'Leary's book on THE IRISH IN WALES,
that he supports the British Empire because he wants the Irish to get
"a fair share of the plunder"). He certainly had something of the
hardness of a self-made man; this comes through in his unfair comments
on the supposeldy "lazy" blacks whom he saw in Jamaica.

At the same time I would not call him heartless; his opponents gave
as good as they got in the internal disputes of nationalism; there is
strong emotional attachment to his mother and admiration for Michael
Davitt, and an angry sense of self-respect when faced with anti-Irish
prejudice. I do find it a very striking story of self-fashioning. It
also has some very useful recollections of mid-century Tyrone and some
interesting impressions of Rossa, Parnell, Pearse and Davitt (which of
course reflect Mullin's own political leanings and must be read in
that light).

If Mullin's picture or my own commentary give him too much weight,
this should be corrected by further research; in the meantime "better
to light one small candle..." I am proud to have helped to make
Mullin's story more readily available - it is amazing that it fell
from sight for so long.

I have a request of my own in relation to Mullin, which I hope the
List can help with. I am writing an entry on Mullin for the
Royal Irish Academy's DICTIONARY OF IRISH BIOGRAPHY and would like to
consult an article cited by Paul O'Leary - Peter H. Thomas "Medical
men of Glamorgan: James Mullin of Cardiff, 1846-1919" in Stewart
Williams (ed.) GLAMORGAN HISTORIAN, 10, pp94-126. Does anyone know
where I can obtain a copy? I have also come across a newspaper
reference to a second book by Mullin, A SCAMPER FOR THE SUN, an
account of a visit to either the Mediterranean or the West Indies - I
am not sure which, thouhg I think it was the West Indies. I would be
grateful for any help received.
Yours sincerely,
Patrick Maume.


On Thu 12 Apr 2001 06:30:00 +0000 irish-diaspora[at]Bradford.ac.uk wrote:

> From:irish-diaspora[at]Bradford.ac.uk> Date: Thu 12 Apr 2001 06:30:00
+0000
> Subject: Ir-D Mullin and his 'Toiler's Life'
> To: irish-diaspora[at]Bradford.ac.uk
>
>
> Dear Paddy,
>
> I'm intrigued by the references to the Mullin asnd his Toiler's
Life.
>
> Naturally I came across it while I was doing my research on Cardiff.
I
> interviewed Mullin's grandson who
> gave me a copy of the original book which, I regret to say, was lost
during
> one of
> my frequent moves. I did not regret the loss too much. At the time I
thought
> that Dr. Mullin came across as such an arrogant and obnoxious
character -
> despising his ignorant, Irish patients and all those, clergy and
> politicians,
> who dared to disagree with him - and was so untypical of the other
Irish
> physicians in Cardiff that he was not significant enough to be
included in
> my
> study. My feeling then was that though he might prove to be an
interesting
> study
> for some social psychologist he was not worthy of the time I had
already
> spent in tracking him down.
>
> However, times change, though not always for the better. It's good
to see
> the amount of micro-research being done but that itself has its
problems,
> including the over-emphasis of the importance of individuals. But, I
should
> be very grateful if we could see the 'ecstatic' review from Irish
Studies
> Review you
> mentioned and let us know the means by which I can replace my copy
of
> Mullin's book.
>
> Thanks again for all you have done and continue to do.
> Best,
> John
>
> John Hickey
>
> [Moderator's Note:
> We will see if we can get permission to re-distribute the book
review - we
> do not like to simply distribute things without permission. The
book
> details are:
> The Story of a Toiler's Life
> James Mullin (1920)
> Patrick Maume, ed., 2000
> Dublin, University College Dublin Press
> ISBN 1 900621.40.1
> £13.95 pb
> P.O'S.]
>
>
>

From Email Patrick O'Sullivan

Oonagh Walsh tells us that the Ethics and Ethnics conference has been
postponed until October, 2001 -
probably 19-20. Contact Oonagh Walsh for further information.

Original message, below.

P.O'S.


- -----Original Message-----
From: owner-irish-diaspora[at]Bradford.ac.uk
Subject: Ir-D CFP Ethics and Ethnics, Aberdeen, Scotland



>From Email Patrick O'Sullivan

Oonagh Walsh, University of Aberdeen, Scotland
Email o.walsh[at]abdn.ac.uk
is organising a conference

Ethics and Ethnics
The Implementation of Western Medicine
1800 to present
June 29 to July 1, 2001
Department of History, University of Aberdeen
in association with the Society for the Social History of Medicine

Proposals of around 250 words, papers of 20 minutes. Participants are
encouraged to approach the issue of medical/cultural contact imaginatively.
Themes might inclide Medicine and Colonization, Medico-Ethnic Identities,
Medical Missionising, Western Absorption of Traditional Practice, Responses
to New Tecnologies, Gender, Culture and Medicine...

Some student bursaries available.

Contact Oonagh Walsh for further information.

P.O'S.

- --
Patrick O'Sullivan
Head of the Irish Diaspora Research Unit

Email Patrick O'Sullivan
Email Patrick O'Sullivan

Irish-Diaspora list
Irish Diaspora Studies http://www.brad.ac.uk/acad/diaspora/
irishdiaspora.net Archive http://www.irishdiaspora.net

Personal Fax National 0870 284 1580
Fax International +44 870 284 1580

Irish Diaspora Research Unit
Department of Interdisciplinary Human Studies
University of Bradford
Bradford BD7 1DP
Yorkshire
England

From Email Patrick O'Sullivan

Apologies to those who were shocked and horrified to find Escouflaire's,
L'Irlande-Ennemie?, and his anti-Irish sentiments displayed on the
University of Kansas web site. And apologies - for I should have explained
the train of thought.

I had been reading Rudyard Kipling, The Irish Guards in the Great War (of
which more, perhaps, another time). And had been wondering what else we
could easily find on the effects of the Dublin 1916 Rising on the Irish in
the trenches of World War I.

A colleague directed me to François Walter's web site, at Geneva.

1.
EXTRACT BEGINS>>>

M. François WALTER
UNIVERSITÉ DE GENÈVE - FACULTÉ DES LETTRES
DÉPARTEMENT D'HISTOIRE GÉNÉRALE

http://www.unige.ch/lettres/istge/memoires/werlen/Escouflaire.html

http://www.unige.ch/lettres/istge/memoires/werlen/CoupPoign.html

Le "coup de poignard"
Le "coup de poignard" est une interprétation de l'insurrection de 1916 comme
un coup de poignard dans le dos des Anglais et des Alliés donné par les
Allemands en utilisant les Irlandais. L'affaire Casement consolide cette
thèse. Cette interprétation va dans le même sens que le soi-disant "complot
allemand" qu'aurait découvert lord French en 1918.
Cette interprétation a deux niveaux. Pour Escouflaire, les Irlandais se sont
révoltés et ont utilisés les Allemands contre l'Angleterre. Pour Rolleston,
les Irlandais ne sont plus que de simples jouets entre les mains de
l'Allemagne.

DOCUMENTS:
- -Escouflaire, L'Irlande ennemie...?
Le pamphlet d'Escouflaire vise à démontrer la "coup de poignard" contre les
Alliés.
- -Kessel, Le temps de l'espérance.
Exposition de l'opinion de Childers sur l'insurrection de 1916, et de sa
défense contre l'accusation de traîtrise.
- -Rolleston, L'Irlande telle qu'elle est.
Rolleston veut démontrer que l'insurrection en 1916 a été exclusivement men
par l'Allemagne pour déstabiliser l'Angleterre.
- -Sangnier, Pour l'Irlande.
Démonstration que l'insurrection de 1916 n'a pas été un complot allemand.

EXTRACT ENDS>>>

2.
And from that I searched for the Escouflaire text. A better route to it
is...

EXTRACT BEGINS>>>

This archive of primary documents from World War I has been assembled by
volunteers of the World War I Military History List (WWI-L).
The archive is international in focus and intends to present in one location
primary documents concerning the Great War.

http://www.lib.byu.edu/~rdh/wwi/

Anyone east of Greenland may wish to use our Oxford mirror site.
http://www.hcu.ox.ac.uk/mirrors/www.lib.byu.edu:80/~rdh/wwi/index.html


EXTRACT ENDS>>>

The approach of Francois Walter isvery balanced - but we have to take
Escouflaire on board.

P.O'S.

- --
Patrick O'Sullivan
Head of the Irish Diaspora Research Unit

Email Patrick O'Sullivan
Email Patrick O'Sullivan

Irish-Diaspora list
Irish Diaspora Studies http://www.brad.ac.uk/acad/diaspora/
irishdiaspora.net Archive http://www.irishdiaspora.net

Personal Fax National 0870 284 1580
Fax International +44 870 284 1580

Irish Diaspora Research Unit
Department of Interdisciplinary Human Studies
University of Bradford
Bradford BD7 1DP
Yorkshire
England

From "Richard Jensen"

Forwarded for information...

From: "robkennedy"

In case anyone is interested, today's New York Times history cartoon is
Thomas Nast's famous "The American River Ganges"--his attack on the Catholic
Church's alleged threat to public education.

http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/harp/0508.html

Robert C. Kennedy
robkennedy[at]email.msn.com

[Note: A number of Ir-D list members have brought this item to our
attention, and of course we have in the past discussed Nast's work. P.O'S.]

Forwarded on behalf of...
Michael Böss
engmb[at]mail.hum.au.dk
Subject: EFACIS conference


Dear colleagues,

I have recently been alerted to the fact that there have been certain
technical problems in the transmission - via e-mail - of the second
call for the EFACIS conference - which was meant to go to members of
EFACIS, IAISIL and other Irish Studies scholars. For that reason, I
enclose it below. You will also receive an attachment from which you
may be connected directly with the conference home page (I can't do
it on this mail system), where you will find general information and
on-line registration.

Due to the delay, I hereby set a new deadline for proposals: 15 June.

I am sorry for this and hope that this will result in a flood of
proposals during the next weeks!

Yours sincerely,
Michael Böss
Director of the Centre for Irish Studies
University of Aarhus, Denmark


EFACIS 2001

"Ireland and Europe in Times of Re-Orientation and Re-Imagining"
6 - 9 December 2001, University of Aarhus, Denmark

2nd and final call for papers for the Third Conference of EFACIS (The
European Federation of Associations and Centres for Irish Studies).
The conference is hosted by the Nordic Irish Studies Network (NISN)
and the Centre for Irish Studies, Department of English, University of
Aarhus, Denmark.

For papers and abstracts, contact: Michael Böss, Centre for Irish
Studies, University of Aarhus, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark.E-mail:
engmb[at]hum.au.dk
Fax: +45 8942 6540

Deadline for submission of proposals: 15 June, 2001. Deadline for
full abstracts: 15 August 2001.

General information and on-line registration at:

www.hum.au.dk/engelsk/nisn/efacis2001

Papers within the fields of Irish culture, literature, history,
sociology, art and politics are invited. As of 1 May the following
six panels have been planned, but others may still be suggested:

1. Ireland and Europe in the 20th century: History and politics
(organised in collaboration with the Jean Monnet Centre)

2. Church, state and religion in contemporary Ireland

3. Irish writing in an international context

4. Celtic connections: Cultural interchanges between Ireland and
Scotland

5. Irish music between two worlds

6.Literature of exile

7. Informers in Irish Literature, Film, and History

8. The work of John McGahern

The conference will be organised into a number of parallel sessions
according to the numbers and interests of the participants. We are
planning to accommodate about 100 participants, and we are prepared to
run enough parallel sessions to give space to all quality papers.

Key-note speakers:
For each of the six panels mentioned above, there will be a key-note
lecture. The following key-note speakers have accepted an invitation:

Professor Joseph Lee, University College Cork: "`Spiritually Closer
to Boston than Berlin'"

Dr. Tom Inglis, University College Dublin:"Church, Conscience and
Symbolic Domination"

Eileen Battersby, literary staff of the Irish
Times: `Contemporary Irish Writing - a World Literature?"

Professor T.M. Devine, University of Aberdeen: "Making the
Caledonian Connection - Irish and Scottish Studies Past, Present
and Future"

Micheál Ó Súilleabháin, composer and pianist Limerick
University

Eiléan Ní Chuilleanáin, poet, Trinity College,
`Re-Imagining Ireland'.

For panel on Ireland and Europe, also:

Rory O'Donnell, University College Dublin
Ronan FitzGerald, University of Strathclyde

Welcome in Aarhus!

Michael Böss
engmb[at]hum.au.