From:
Subject: Re: Ir-D Music of Irish Diaspora 15

Friends

Mick Moloney was, with Paul Brady and two others whose names escape me, a
founder-member of the 'Sixties Irish folk group The Johnstons.

As such he is the living embodiment of that seminal generation of Irish
'folk singers' who were inspired by the confluence of American Protest
songs, English Folk Revivalism, and Irish innovators (odd as that
description may seem now) such as The Clancy Brothers & The Dubliners.

Donal Lunny, a contemporary of Mick's, was similarly influenced, and his
first 'Sixties group, The Emmet Spiceland, were even more derivative and
eclectic - long hair, frilly white shirts, choreographed steps and 'Mary
from Dungloe' followed by 'Hava Na Ghila' for an encore!

Mick would definitely be worth consulting. If he cares to remember that far
back...

Ultan












irish-diaspora[at]Bradford.ac.uk wrote:




From Email Patrick O'Sullivan

Music of/and/in the Irish Diaspora...

We have had an interesting request from Kenan Foley, who teaches and
plays
music in Pittsburgh, USA.

MESSAGE BEGINS>>>

Dear Mr. O'Sullivan,

I ran across your site while looking for information on Irish music. I
am
the early stages of developing a course syllabus for a class I plan to
possibly titled: Irish Music in the Diaspora. At this point I am still
trying to define what a diasporic study of Irish music could encompass;
Traditional, Irish Rock, Celtic-Jazz, etc. Can you suggest any readings
or
direct me to anyone who can help?

Sincerely yours,

Kenan Foley
Lecturer, Music
Humanities
Carlow College
Pittsburgh, USA

MESSAGE ENDS>>>

This is the kind of query that the Irish-Diaspora list is traditionally
at. If we all quickly pool knowledge we will very soon have a useful
bibliography and list of contact points - which will be in our archive
for
everyone to use.

Let me stress again that Modesty is NOT an Irish Diaspora virtue. If
your
work is interesting and relevant let us hear about it.

Paddy O'Sullivan

<
<

From: "Maureen E Mulvihill"
Subject: Mick Moloney & Irish Diaspora Music

22 February 2002

Re: Mick Moloney & Music of the Irish Diaspora

For those interested in reaching Mick Moloney, his e-mail address is
publicly available, as mickmoloney[at]compuserve.com. He's presently residing
in Philadelphia.

I had the pleasure to chat with Mick a few weeks ago at the NYU Ireland
House reception for the "Bloody Sunday" panelists. As it happens, Moloney
made a film on violinist Brendan Mulvihill; has recorded with Brendan on the
Green Linnet label; and played with Brendan et al. in 1998 at the White
House, where he assured me they were all proper gentlemen.

Slan,

Maureen E. Mulvihill
Princeton Research Forum, Princeton, NJ
Residence: 1 Plaza W., Pk Slope, Bklyn., NY
mulvihill[at]nyc.rr.com

From Email Patrick O'Sullivan

For information...


Journal name Nations and Nationalism
ISSN 1354-5078
Publisher Blackwell Publishing
Issue 2001 - volume 7 - issue 3
Page 317 - 338

Language and nationality: the role of policy towards Celtic languages in the
consolidation of Tudor power
Brennan, Gillian

Abstract
This article considers the attitude of the governing elite in
sixteenth-century England to the minority languages spoken by subjects
within their jurisdiction, concentrating on Cornish, Welsh and Irish.
Perhaps influenced by the tendency of nineteenth-century nationalists to
equate nationality and language, historians have assumed that Tudor
governments were hostile to languages other than English and wished to
suppress them. An examination of a variety of sources leads to the
suggestion that this was not the case. There was a certain amount of
apprehension in the political sphere in the 1530s but in the second half of
the century cultural perception of languages dominated as attempts to spread
the Protestant faith led to an encouragement of the range of vernaculars.
The conclusion points to parallels between sixteenth-century and
contemporary sympathy towards minority cultures in the context of the
devolution debate.

From Email Patrick O'Sullivan

For information...

Journal name Historical Research - Oxford
ISSN 0950-3471
Publisher Blackwell Publishing
History Title, ISSN, Publisher History
Issue 2001 - volume 74 - issue 186
Page 370 - 391

Fashioning victims: Dr. Henry Jones and the plight of Irish Protestants,
1642
Cope, Joseph

Abstract
This article explores Dr. Henry Jones's work in conveying first-hand
testimony on the Irish rising to English audiences in 1642. It compares
Jones's Remonstrance of Diverse Remarkable Passages Concerning the Church
and Kingdom of Ireland with the archival materials from which he drew his
information. In order to persuade the English parliament and the English
people to support charitable projects for Ireland's poor, Jones needed to
portray the victims of the rising in a positive light. The resulting image
of deserving war victims was broadly sympathetic but in fact reflected a
distorted view of the experiences of those despoiled in the rebellion.

From Email Patrick O'Sullivan

For information...

Journal name Historical Journal - London
ISSN 0018-246X
Publisher Cambridge University Press
Issue 2001 - volume 44 - issue 3
Page 825 - 844

BLACKSHIRTS, BLUESHIRTS, AND THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR
NEWSINGER, JOHN

Abstract
The object of this review is to examine recent developments in our
understanding of Oswald Mosley's Blackshirts, of Eoin O'Duffy's Blueshirts,
and of British and Irish participation in the Spanish Civil War. It argues
that fascism can be understood as having three possible phases of
development and considers British and Irish fascism from that standpoint.
Debates about the nature of British fascism are considered, its attitude
towards violence, towards anti-Semitism, towards women, and towards the
coming of the Second World War. The review considers the reasons for the
movement's failure. It goes on to examine the debate as to whether or not
there actually was an Irish fascism in the 1930s. Finally, it discusses
recent work on British and Irish participation in the International Brigades
and on the performance of O'Duffy's volunteers in Spain.

From Email Patrick O'Sullivan

For information...

Journal name Historical Journal - London
ISSN 0018-246X
Publisher Cambridge University Press
Issue 2001 - volume 44 - issue 2
Page 441 - 469

LORD PALMERSTON AND THE IRISH FAMINE EMIGRATION
ANBINDER, TYLER

Abstract
The career of the third Viscount Palmerston as foreign secretary and prime
minister has been thoroughly studied, but few are aware that he was one of
the first Irish landlords to finance the emigration of starving tenants
during the great Irish famine. Although the first boatloads of emigrants
were well outfitted, by the end of 1847 Palmerston stood accused of cruelly
mistreating his departing tenants. One Canadian official compared conditions
on the vessels he chartered to those of the slave trade. Given the
tremendous detail with which historians have scrutinized Palmerston's long
career, it is surprising that no thorough account of either the management
of his Irish estate or of his emigration scheme has ever been written. An
examination of the programme under which 2,000 residents of Palmerston's
Sligo estate fled to America in 1847 adds significantly to our understanding
of the career of one of Britain's most important nineteenth-century
statesmen, the complicated motives driving landlords to 'shovel out' their
impoverished tenants, and an often-forgotten means by which thousands of the
most destitute famine-era immigrants made their way to America.

From Email Patrick O'Sullivan

For information...

Journal name Trends in Plant Science
ISSN 1360-1385 electronic:1360-1385
Publisher Elsevier - Science Direct
Issue 2001 - volume 6 - issue 10

Studying the historic migrations of the Irish potato famine pathogen using
ancient DNA
Willmann, Matthew R.

From Email Patrick O'Sullivan

For information...

Journal name Ethnic and Racial Studies
ISSN 0141-9870 electronic:1466-4356
Publisher Taylor & Francis Ltd
Issue 2002 - volume 25 - issue 1
Page 40 - 63

Anglo-Saxons and Attacotti: the racialization of Irishness in Britain
between the World Wars
Douglas, R. M.

Keywords
IRELAND, RACE, GREAT BRITAIN, NATIONAL IDENTITY, HISTORY,

Abstract
During the interwar years, theories purporting to show that the people of
Ireland were racially distinct from their Anglo-Saxon neighbours underwent a
significant revival in Britain. These doctrines, which had featured
prominently in nineteenth-century scientific and political discourse, were
again employed following the secession of the Irish Free State from the
United Kingdom in 1921, both to explain the apparent failure of the British
civilizing mission in Ireland and to assuage what many Britons regarded as a
national humiliation. Although the discrediting of scientific racism in the
1930s undermined the premises upon which many of these ideas were based,
racial hibernophobia was an important component of the post-Great War
re-definition of British national identity during a period of economic and
political upheaval.

From Email Patrick O'Sullivan

For information...

Journal name Psychology and Psychotherapy - Theory Research and Practice
ISSN 1476-0835
Publisher British Psychological Society
History Title, ISSN, Publisher History
Issue 2001 - volume 74 - issue 3
Page 359 - 367

Cultural stereotype of the effects of religion on mental health
Lewis, Christopher Alan

Abstract
To examine if the religious are more likely to be rated as having a poorer
mental health than the non-religious, 48 Northern Irish undergraduate
students completed self-report measures of religious attitude and mental
health under four counter-balanced conditions: 'control' (present yourself
'as you really are') and as how 'religious', 'non-religious', and 'mentally
ill' respondents might be thought to answer. The 'religious' condition
provided significantly higher scores for both the Obsessional Symptom Scale
and the Obsessional Personality Trait Scale and significantly lower
Psychoticism Scale scores than the 'non-religious' condition. Moreover,
significant associations were found between higher scores on the religiosity
scale and higher scores on the Obsessional Personality Trait Scale in two of
the four conditions ('religious' and 'mentally ill') and lower scores on the
Psychoticism Scale in three of the four conditions ('control', 'religious',
and 'mentally ill'). These results suggest that the religious are viewed
paradoxically as having both aspects of better (i.e. lower psychoticism
scores) and poorer mental health (i.e. higher obsessional scores) than the
non-religious. As such, the present findings provide some support for the
existence of a powerful cultural stereotype of the religious.

From Email Patrick O'Sullivan

For information...

Journal name Historical Journal - London
ISSN 0018-246X
Publisher Cambridge University Press
Issue 2001 - volume 44 - issue 3
Page 749 - 771

PRIVATE PROPERTY, PUBLIC INTEREST, AND THE ROLE OF THE STATE IN
NINETEENTH-CENTURY BRITAIN: THE CASE OF THE LIGHTHOUSES
TAYLOR, JAMES

Abstract
Until 1836, many of England's lighthouses were privately owned. The owners
levied tolls on all merchant shipping which made use of the lights, and in
many cases grew rich from the proceeds. After 1815 these profits became
increasingly contentious, and, under pressure from shipowners, merchants,
and the radical MP Joseph Hume, the whig government abolished private
ownership of lighthouses and made Trinity House the sole lighthouse
authority for England. The choice of Trinity House as the central
administration from a range of alternatives made a UK-wide authority
impossible, however, due to the unwillingness of Irish and Scottish MPs to
see their national boards replaced by an 'inferior' English one. The reform
process sheds light on contemporary perceptions of the relationship between
private property and public interest and suggests that alongside the process
of post-war retrenchment, the state was acquiring a new role as guardian of
the public interest, often positioning itself against certain forms of
private property. Behind the 'old corruption' rhetoric which characterized
the demand for reform lay the conviction that certain resources should be
excluded from the realm of private property by the state, and that private
profit made at the expense of the public interest was morally wrong.

From Email Patrick O'Sullivan

For information...

Journal name Nations and Nationalism
ISSN 1354-5078
Publisher Blackwell Publishing
Issue 2001 - volume 7 - issue 4
Page 505 - 519

Archaeology and the Irish rediscovery of the Celtic past
Hutchinson, John

Abstract
This article examines the place of archaeology in the second wave of Irish
cultural nationalism, and how archaeological findings were appropriated by
rival ethno-religious communities in Ireland. In particular, it focuses on
George Petrie, who was the founder of 'scientific' archaeology and was also
one of the leading figures in the nineteenth-century Celtic revival that
sought a moral regeneration of the Irish nation In Ireland, as elsewhere,
archaeology was important in reconstructing an early history of the nation
where few written records existed and in making this visible through
material artefacts. However, archaeology was only significant as part of a
wider cultural revival that presented artefacts and sites as national
symbols to an island undergoing rapid social change. This article will
explore the relationship between archaeology and this national revival, and
how the material objects recovered by archaeologists extended and
transformed the existing repertoires of how the nation was imagined and
felt. It will assess the different reception of these images in the rival
Catholic and Protestant communities. Finally, it will comment on the
capacity of a medieval 'Celtic' repertoire to provide the basis of a dynamic
modern Irish national culture.

From: cmc[at]jhu.edu
Subject: Re: Ir-D Archaeology and Irish rediscovery

This is indeed an interesting insight into what was popularly considered
'archeological' finds in the nineteenth century. In contrast to this,
contemporary archeologists in Ireland are adamant that no Celtic 'invasion'
ever
took place and insist that there is no archeological evidence for a material
Celtic presence in Ireland. Continental Celtic finds are a rarity in
Ireland.
While they accept the fact that the language and remnants of the Continental
culture arrived in Ireland they pretty much insist that this was only a
transference of language and not of peoples. Much of the so called evidence
used in the nineteenth century for a material Celtic presence was drawn from
later texts. The 'Book of Invasions', compiled in the eleventh and twelfth
centuries is now widely regarded as neo-history or fiction. But the
nineteenth
protagonists had a nation to build and the need for strong roots to support
this. So the 'origin myth' of the Celtic Irish was proffered and widely
accepted.
Carmel

irish-diaspora[at]Bradford.ac.uk wrote:

> >From Email Patrick O'Sullivan
>
> For information...
>
> Journal name Nations and Nationalism
> ISSN 1354-5078
> Publisher Blackwell Publishing
> Issue 2001 - volume 7 - issue 4
> Page 505 - 519
>
> Archaeology and the Irish rediscovery of the Celtic past
> Hutchinson, John
>

From: Elizabeth Malcolm
Subject: Fwd: Melbourne Irish Studies Seminar series, March-May 2002

>Date: Mon, 25 Feb 2002 08:49:48 +1100
>From: Frances Devlin Glass
>Subject: Melbourne Irish Studies Seminar series, March-May2002
>
>MELBOURNE IRISH STUDIES SEMINARS
>march-may 2002
>
>Venue/Time:
>
>Newman College, Swanston Street
>Tuesdays, 5.45 pm to 7.15 pm+
>Drinks: 5.45; Paper/Discussion: 6.00 pm
>Dinner in Lygon Street, if you wish, at 7.30 pm.
>
>Programme:
>
>5 March
>Dr Lindsay Proudfoot (Reader in Geography, Queen' University, Belfast)
>Irish Identities in Colonial Victoria
>
>16 April
>Dr Val Noone (Editor, TAIN; Victoria University, Melbourne)
>Irish Immigrants in Melbourne during the 1950s
>
>7 May
>Professor Mary Hickman (Director, Centre for Irish Studies,
>University of North London; Victoria University, Melbourne)
>LocatingD the Irish Diaspora
>
>28 May
>Dr Dymphna Lonergan (Flinders University, Adelaide)
>The Influence of the Irish Language on Australian English
>
>
>For further details, email e.malcolm[at]unimelb.edu.au or phone 8344 3924
>
>
>Convenors: Professor Elizabeth Malcolm (University of Melbourne);=20
>Associate Professor Frances Devlin-Glass (Deakin University); Dr=20
>Philip Bull (LaTrobe University)
>
>
>A./Prof. Frances Devlin Glass
>School of Literary and Communication Studies,
>Deakin University,
>221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Vic. 3125
>Australia
>
>Phone: (61) (3) 9244 3960
>Fax: (61) (3) 9244 6755
>
>Websites:
>Yanyuwa: http://arts.deakin.edu.au/diwurruwurru
>Director of Bloomsday in Melbourne. http://arts.deakin.edu.au/bloomsite

Professor Elizabeth Malcolm Tel: +61-3-8344 3924
Chair of Irish Studies FAX: +61-3-8344 7894
Department of History Email: e.malcolm[at]unimelb.edu.au
University of Melbourne
Parkville, Victoria, 3010
AUSTRALIA

Subject: Re: Ir-D Language Loss
Sender: S.Morgan[at]unl.ac.uk

Dear Paddy,

Has Seumas contacted Maire Nic Ghiolla Phadraig at University College
Dublin? She used to (still does?) teach a unit on the Masters in Equality
Studies course on language and identity, which particularly covered
Gaeilge and other celtic languages, and would be a good source of
information for him on this topic.

Sarah Morgan.

On 26 February 2002 06:00 irish-diaspora[at]Bradford.ac.uk wrote:

>
> From Email Patrick O'Sullivan
>
> We have been contacted by Seumas Watson (Jim Watson) who is a Scots Gaelic
> teacher/activist in Cape Breton, Nova Scotia...
>

----------------------
Sarah Morgan
s.morgan[at]unl.ac.uk

From Email Patrick O'Sullivan

For information...

European Journal of Cultural Studies, August 2001, vol. 4, no. 3, pp.
325-349(25)

What is this 'black' in Irish popular culture?

Carby H.[1]

[1] Yale University, USA.

Abstract:

This article is an analysis of the racial signifiers in two contemporary
popular shows, Riverdance and Lord of the Dance. It argues that we need to
understand the history of transatlantic Irish and African American exchange
in order to comprehend the popular appeal of Celtic revivalism.

Keywords: African American culture; Black Atlantic; dance; Irish culture;
transnational ethnicity

Language: English Document Type: Miscellaneous ISSN: 1367-5494

SICI (online): 1367-549443325349

From Email Patrick O'Sullivan

For information...

Women's Studies International Forum

Article in Press - Note to users
Uncorrected Proof

DOI: 10.1016/S0277-5395(02)00214-5
PII: S0277-5395(02)00214-5
Copyright © 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

SEXUALISING EMIGRATION: DISCOURSES OF IRISH FEMALE EMIGRATION IN THE 1930s

Louise Ryan

Irish Studies Centre, University of North London, London N7 8DB, UK

Available online 12 February 2002.


Abstract
This article examines the discourses and debates about women's emigration
from Ireland in the 1930s. Drawing upon some of the numerous discussions of
emigration in the Irish national and provincial press, I argue that women's
emigration was represented through the lens of sexuality, reproduction, and
maternity. The sexualisation of female emigration took place on three
distinct but interconnected levels. First, the exodus of thousands of young,
unmarried women was represented as a loss of `breeding stock'. A second
related discourse focused on the sexual behaviour of these women when they
arrived in Britain. My research also has uncovered a third, less-vocalised
discourse. Some commentators claimed that a considerable number of Irish
young women were being forced to emigrate because they were pregnant or had
committed some other breach of sexual mores. Such `sexual deviance' did not
fit with the narrow sexual morality propounded by the Catholic Church and
the state. To understand the discourses surrounding Irish women's emigration
in the 1930s, I draw upon Floya Anthias and Nira Yuval-Davis's theorisation
of the biological reproduction of the nation. I also suggest that women's
role as `mothers of the nation' was central to the nation-building project
in the newly established Irish Free State. However, the image of the
domestic, motherly Irish `woman' simplifies the complexities of Irish
women's experiences and their roles within various collectivities. A broader
examination of women's role in relation to familial and local communities,
as well as the nation, may help to illuminate some of the complexities
around women's high rate of emigration.

From Email Patrick O'Sullivan

For information...


Antiguity
an international journal of expert archaeology

Were the Scots Irish?

Ewan Campbell

The author attributes the claimed migrations of the Irish into Argyll to a
set of élite origin myths, finding no support in archaeological evidence. He
goes on to ask how the Iron Age populations of Argyll established and
changed their personal and group identity.


Key-words: origin myths, migration, Scots, Irish, Argyll

FROM http://intarch.ac.uk/antiquity/

The traditional historical account of the origin of the Scottish kingdom
states that the Scots founded the early kingdom of Dál Riata in western
Scotland in the early 6th century, having migrated there from northeastern
Antrim, Ireland. In the process they displaced a native Pictish or British
people from an area roughly equivalent to the modern county of Argyll.
Later, in the mid 9th century, these Scots of Dál Riata took over the
Pictish kingdom of eastern Scotland to form the united kingdom of Alba,
later to become known as Scotland. To the classical authors of late
antiquity, the peoples of Ireland were Scotti, probably a derogatory term
meaning something like 'pirates'. The name was used by early medieval
writers in Latin for all speakers of Gaelic, whether in Ireland or Scotland.
Much later the usage became associated exclusively with the peoples of
Scotland, whether speakers of Gaelic or not. In this paper I will use the
term Goidelic for the Irish/Scottish Gaelic branch of Celtic (Q-Celtic), and
Brittonic for the British group including Welsh, Pictish and Cumbric
(P-Celtic).

After a period of virulent sectarian debate on the origins of the Scots in
the 18th and 19th centuries (Ferguson 1998), the idea of a migration of the
Scots to Argyll has become fixed as a fact in both the popular and academic
mind for at least a century. Present-day archaeological textbooks show a
wave of invasive black arrows attacking the west coast of Britain from
Ireland in the late 4th/5th centuries (e.g. Laing 1975: figure 1). Even the
tide of anti-migrationism as explanation for culture change which swept
through British prehistory in the 1970s and washed into Anglo-Saxon studies
in the 1980s left this concept remarkably intact. Irish historians still
regularly speak of the 'Irish colonies in Britain' (Ó Cróinín 1995: 18;
Byrne 1973: 9), and British anti-invasionist prehistorians seem happy to
accept the concept (e.g. Cunliffe 1979: 163, figure). The insistence on an
explicitly colonialist terminology is somewhat ironic given the past
reaction of many Irish archaeologists to what they perceived as intellectual
crypto-colonialism of British archaeologists and art historians over the
origin of the Insular illustrated manuscripts and items such as hanging
bowls. Exactly why colonialist explanations should have survived in the
'Celtic West' while being hotly debated in eastern Britain is of
considerable interest, but not the purpose of this paper, which is to
provide a critical examination of the archaeological, historical and
linguistic evidence for a Scottic migration, and provide a new explanation
for the origins of Dál Riata.

There had never been any serious archaeological justification for the
supposed Scottic migration. Leslie Alcock is one of the few to have looked
at the archaeological evidence in detail, coming to the conclusion that 'The
settlements show very little sign of the transplantation of material culture
to Dalriadic Scotland or to Dyfed' (Alcock 1970: 65). This lack of
archaeological evidence has led some younger archaeologists to adopt a more
cautious approach, suggesting that perhaps there was an élite takeover of
the local ruling dynasty, rather than a mass migration of peoples, and that
contact may have taken place over a longer time-scale than the conventional
view (Foster 1996: 13-14). The paradigm of Irish migration remains strong
however, bolstered by the evidence from other areas of western Britain.
During the expansion of interest in 'Dark Age Britain', scholars familiar
with the historical and genealogical accounts of Irish origins of some
western kingdoms, explicitly searched for, and believed they had found,
archaeological evidence for these migrations. Examples can be quoted for
ogham stones in Dyfed, Brecon, Gwynedd and Dumnonia (Macalister 1949);
placenames in Dyfed (Richards 1960), Galloway (Nicolaisen 1976) and Cornwall
(Thomas 1973); settlement forms in Somerset (Rahtz 1976); and pottery in
Cornwall (Thomas 1968). This illustrates that there was a climate amongst
scholars working in this area who saw cultural explanations in terms of an
historical/linguistic paradigm which they applied to all areas of western
Britain.


These are the opening paragraphs only of this article in 'Antiquity'. For
the full text with illustrations see the journal itself.

Antiquity 75 (2001): 285-92)

From Email Patrick O'Sullivan

For information...


The British Journal of Psychiatry; the Journal of Mental Science
ISSN: 0007-1250

Volume 179
October 2001
Pages 361-366

MEDLINE®
Mental health of migrant elders--the Islington study
Livingston, G; Leavey, G; Kitchen, G; Manela, M; Sembhi, S; Katona, C

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Science, Royal Free and University
College Medical School, Wolfson Building, 48 Riding House Street, London W1N
8AA, UK; e-mail g.livingston[at]ucl.ac.uk

Abstract
BACKGROUND: In the UK, 6% of those aged 65 years and over were born abroad,
most of whom now live in inner-city areas. It has been suggested that ethnic
elders are particularly vulnerable to mental illness. AIMS: To compare the
prevalence of dementia and depression in older migrants with those born in
the UK. METHOD: A cross-sectional community study of 1085 people aged 65
years or older in an inner-London borough. RESULTS: Compared with those born
in the UK, the prevalence of dementia was raised in African-Caribbeans
(17.3%, relative risk=1.72, Cl=1.06-2.81) and lower for the Irish-born
(3.6%, relative risk=0.36, Cl=0.17-0.87). All those of African-Caribbean
country of birth were significantly younger (P=0.000) but no more likely to
be taking antihypertensive drugs. They were no more likely to report having
cardiovascular problems but had increased rates of diabetes (P<0.0000). The
overall prevalence of depression was 18.3% (95% Cl=16.1-20.7). The highest
prevalence rate was found among those born in Greece and Turkey (27.2%,
Cl=17.9-39.6). Migration per se does not appear to be a risk for depression
and dementia in this population. CONCLUSIONS: The excess of dementia may be
of vascular aetiology. There is the potential for primary or secondary
prevention. [Journal Article; In English; England]

From Email Patrick O'Sullivan

For information...

Political Geography

Article in Press - Note to users
Uncorrected Proof
DOI: 10.1016/S0962-6298(02)00013-6
PII: S0962-6298(02)00013-6
Copyright © 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Short communication
Belfast: walls within

F. W. Boal

Department of Geography, Queen's University, Belfast, BT7 1NN, Northern
Ireland, UK

Available online 8 February 2002.

Abstract
Belfast has been characterised by a degree of residential segregation
between Catholics and Protestants from the city's founding in the early
seventeenth century. This segregation has increased over time, producing
current levels that are higher than in any earlier period. It is suggested
in this paper that a useful framework for understanding Belfast's
segregation history is to see the city as one that has developed in a
`frontier zone'¯¯a zone founded on the interfacing of the `British' and the
`Irish' realms. The dynamics of the situation can be periodised under four
headings¯¯referred to here as the `colonial city', the `immigrant-industrial
city', the `ethnonational city: beginnings' and the `ethnonational city:
rampant'.

Segregation in Belfast has provided a basis for community solidarities
whilst also generating an environment for the maintenance of community
conflict and group stereotyping. In this context only a resolution of the
ethnonational conflict itself is likely to lead to a reduction in
residential segregation.

Author Keywords: Belfast; Walls; Segregation; Ethnonationalism; Ratchet

Article Outline
1. Introduction
2. Segregation levels
3. Segregation: the underlying factors
3.1. The colonial city
3.2. The immigrant-industrial city
3.3. The ethnonational city: beginnings
3.4. The ethnonational city: rampant
4. Consequences of division
5. Conclusion
References

From Email Patrick O'Sullivan

For information...

This is a very helpful and thoughtful review by Donald Winch, of Kinzer's
book on Mill - covers a lot of ground in a short space. Clearly the book is
an important addition to our understanding of the ways in which the
nineteenth century economic theorists theorised Ireland...

P.O'S.

History of European Ideas

Article in Press - Note to users
Uncorrected Proof

DOI: 10.1016/S0191-6599(01)00043-2
PII: S0191-6599(01)00043-2
Copyright © 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Book review

England's disgrace?: J.S. Mill and the Irish question

Bruce L. Kinzer; University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 2001, ix+292pp, ISBN
0-8020-4862-5.

Donald Winch

Graduate Research Centre in the Humanities, University of Sussex, Falmer,
Brighton, BN1 9QN, UK

Available online 29 November 2001.