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From: Patrick O'Sullivan
Subject: Hugh MacCurtin: an Irish Poet in the French Army
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From patrickos[at]irishdiaspora.net

Two items from the journal Eighteenth-Century Ireland - which will =
interest
those who study the history of the Irish language outside Ireland.

P.O'S.=20

1.
Morley, Vincent. Aodh Bu=ED Mac Cruit=EDn: File Gaeilge in Arm na =
Fraince."
Eighteenth-Century Ireland/Iris an d=E1 chult=FAr 8 (1993): 39-48.

An article in Irish which is translated in the article which follows.

2.
Morley, Vincent. "Hugh MacCurtin: an Irish Poet in the French Army."
Eighteenth-Century Ireland/Iris an d=E1 chult=FAr 8 (1993) : 49-58.

In 1925, T.F. O=92Rahilly published the text of a poem by the
eighteenth-century Irish poet, Hugh MacCurtin in which MacCurtin =
portrays
himself as a soldier. This article questions whether MacCurtin really =
was a
soldier in Lord Clare=92s regiment in the French army =96 and having =
established
that he was indeed enrolled in that regiment, considers the probable =
date of
composition of the poem. Morley examines the poem in detail, =
particularly
its Gaelic references and threats toward George II, and concludes that =
it
was written between 1726 and 1734, and that MacCurtin=92s intended =
audience
was the soldiers of the Clare regiment with whom he had previously =
served.
The article contains a translation of the poem into English and is, =
itself,
an English translation of the article above, pp. 39-48 of this volume.=20

=20

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From: MacEinri, Piaras
p.maceinri[at]ucc.ie

Dear Patrick

I thought the article below, from today's Irish Times, might be of interest
to the list.

Best

Piaras

Census finds fewer Americans claiming Irish ethnicity

The number of Americans claiming Irishness as their ethnicity has dropped
significantly, an analysis by the US Census Bureau has found, writes Sean
O'Driscoll in New York.

While the Irish remain the second-largest ethnic group in the US, their
overall percentage of the population dropped from 16 in 1990 to 11 in 2000,
the report says.

The analysis is the first detailed breakdown of the ethnic origins of
Americans who filled out the 2000 census. It found that the Irish remained
the largest ethnic group in the north-east, while Germans remained the
largest overall ethnic group.

Some 42.8 million Americans listed Germany as the country from which their
ancestors came, while 30.5 million said their ancestors came from Ireland.

Latino and South American populations showed large increases, but
respondents who listed "American" as their only ethnic background showed the
single largest increase in numbers, reflecting both a lack of awareness of
ethnic origins and a new patriotism in the American population.

The Census Bureau said it defines ancestry as a person's ethnic origin,
heritage, descent or roots, which may include ethnic identities that have
evolved in the United States. Many respondents listed more than one ethnic
ancestry.

The report found that, while German, Irish and English remained the largest
three European ethnic groups in the US, they had collectively decreased in
size by at least eight million.

As a proportion of the population, German decreased from 23 per cent in 1990
to 15 per cent in 2000, while Irish ancestry decreased from 16 per cent to
11 per cent, and English from 13 per cent to 9 per cent.

The number of people who reported African American ancestry increased by
nearly 1.2 million, or 4.9 per cent, between 1990 and 2000.

However, because of much larger increases in Latino, Chinese and other
ethnic groups, the percentage of African Americans in the overall population
decreased slightly over the decade, from 9.5 per cent to 8.8 per cent.

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From patrickos[at]irishdiaspora.net

Just so that there is no possibility of confusion - New Ireland is an island
in the Pacific, and the most northeastern province of Papua New Guinea.

This article is NOT about New Ireland.

It is about new Ireland.

Actually, it is about the economy of the Republic of Ireland.

P.O'S.


Title: Innovative Governance and Development in the New Ireland: Social
Partnership and the Integrated Approach
Author(s): J. D. House ; Kyla McGrath
Source: Governance Volume: 17 Number: 1 Page: 29 -- 57
DOI: 10.1111/j.0952-1895.2004.00236.x
Publisher: Blackwell Publishing

Abstract: Since the mid-1980s, the economy of the Republic of Ireland has
displayed a remarkable turnaround. Its Gross Domestic Product (GDP) has
grown at a faster rate than any developed country in the world. The
government's deficit has been cut severely and the debt-to-GDP ration
sharply reduced. Average incomes have risen significantly, and the
unemployment rate reduced dramatically. This article documents these
changes.

Its main purpose, however, is to provide a plausible explanation for the
Irish miracle. While many factors have been important - support for the
Economic Union's regional development programs, a favorable tax structure,
locational and language advantages for attracting multinational
corporations, strong education and training programs - these factors in
themselves do not explain the emergence of the Celtic tiger. They were in
place before the mid-1980s when Ireland was suffering from a fiscal,
economic, and political crisis.

Instead, the article argues, it was the creative and innovative response of
Irish leaders in government, industry, and labor movement and community
organizations to the crisis, and the subsequent institutionalization of this
response in a new form of governance, that has been the catalyst for the
Irish success story. Based on the thorough background research of the
Economic and Social Research Council, a farsighted group of leaders
developed a strategic plan in 1987 that provided a blueprint for
constructive economic and social change. This was then formally instituted
for wage restraint on the part of labor in return for income tax and social
supposed (? supported?) provisions by government.

Irish social Partnership is modeled to some extent on Northern European
corporatism. The article reviews corporatism as an early form of innovative
governance, using classical corporatism in Sweden and competitive
corporatism in the Netherlands to illustrate how this approach has evolved
over the years. Dutch economic success in recent years is due in part to its
new form of corporatism that has helped it become globally competitive. It
is argued, however, that Irish social partnership goes beyond continental
corporatism in several important ways. It is more inclusive, covering a
large array of social interests; it is more strategic, with a
well-articulated integrated approach to social and economic development that
is self-corrective and articulated in a new national agreement every three
years; and it is more firmly institutionalized in both government and
nongovernment agencies in the country. Social partnership and the integrated
approach have become part of the culture of the new Ireland. This innovative
form of governance underlies the Irish turnaround and augurs well for the
future. It can also serve as a model, with appropriate modification
tailor-made to each case, for other jurisdictions hoping to emulate
Ireland's success.
C 2004 Blackwell Publishers

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Subject: Article, Imprisonment and Penal Policy in Ireland
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For information...

P.O'S.

Title: Imprisonment and Penal Policy in Ireland
Author(s): Ian O'Donnell
Source: Howard Journal of Criminal Justice Volume: 43 Number: 3 Page:
253 -- 266
DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2311.2004.00326.x
Publisher: Blackwell Publishing

Abstract:
The penal landscape in the Republic of Ireland has changed significantly
since the mid-1990s. Most notably, the average daily prison population grew
swiftly at a time when recorded crime was falling. This contradictory trend
was due to a combination of factors including the politicisation of the
debate about crime, a build up of long-sentence prisoners, an expansion of
the remand population and a reduction in the use of early release to ease
overcrowding. The costs of incarceration, especially prison officer
overtime, became the focus of acute concern and for the first time foreign
nationals became a significant presence in Irish prisons.

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Subject: Curragh Mutiny in Historical and Legal Perspective
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From patrickos[at]irishdiaspora.net

The RUSI Journal is published by the Royal United Services Institute for
Defence & Security Studies. This journal has only just started =
appearing in
our Web trawls - 2 Issues are available online at Ingenta, February 2004 =
and
April 2004

P.O'S.=20


Title: Curragh Mutiny in Historical and Legal Perspective
Author(s): Ruairiacute =D3 Domhnaill
Source: The RUSI Journal Volume: 149 Number: 1 Page: 80 -- 84
Publisher: Royal United Services Institute for Defence & Security

Abstract: Ruari O Domhnaill argues that the 'Curragh Incident' of 1914 =
must
properly be described as a 'mutiny', as the ability of an officer to =
resign
at his or her own volition was a customary, but not a legal, right.

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From: Alison Younger
alison_younger[at]yahoo.co.uk
Subject: Lords, Ladies and the like...


Patrick, what about these: Lady Mary Wroth, Sir Edmund Spenser, Sir Phillip
Sydney, Lady Caroline Lamb, Sir Thomas Wyatt...
Also, I've posted a provisional conference programme for our November
conference at Sunderland. We'd love to hear from anyone who was interested
in speaking on the diaspora as we are underrepresented in that area. Could
you post this for me please?
Hope to see you at Liverpool
Slainte
Alison


Alison O'Malley-Younger [Dr]
Department of English
University of Sunderland
Priestman Building
Green Terrace
Sunderland
Tyne and Wear
UK

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Subject: Irish Studies Conference, Sunderland, November, 2004
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=20
From: Alison Younger=20
alison_younger[at]yahoo.co.uk

Alison O'Malley-Younger [Dr]
Department of English
University of Sunderland
Priestman Building
Green Terrace
Sunderland
Tyne and Wear
UK


Irish Studies Conference
The Word, The Icon and The Ritual

12thth to 14thst November, 2004

University of Sunderland=92s Sir Tom Cowie Campus at Saint Peter=92s=20

Keynote speakers include:
Professor Stephen Regan (University of Durham)
Professor Willy Maley (University of Glasgow)


This event, which combines an academic conference with a celebration of
Irish culture will include a performance of Brian Friel=92s Dancing at
Lughnasa, by a professional company on the evening of Friday 12th =
November,
followed by exhibition dancing and a ceilidh with refreshments on =
Saturday
13th and a poetry reading on Sunday 14th by Eilis Ni Dhuibhne flowed =
by a
guided tour of the National Glass Centre.

With thanks to the Irish Embassy, London and Tourism Ireland for their
support.

Cead Mile Failte.


Second Annual Irish Studies Conference =96 The University of Sunderland

12th to 14th November, 2004

Friday, 12th November 2004

14-00 to 16.00 {Delegates attending Friday to Sunday]

Registration - Foyer =96 Media and Building, St Peter=92s Campus

6.30pm.
Meet at Prospect Building for transport to Biddick Theatre for =
performance
of Brian Friel=92s Dancing at Lughnasa by Big Mama Theatre Company, =
followed
by an evening of traditional Irish music and culture to which delegates =
are
invited to contribute. Refreshments will be served.

Saturday, 13th November, 2004

9.00 =96 9.45 [Delegates attending Saturday/Sunday]
Registration - Foyer =96 Media and Building, St Peter=92s Campus

10.00am
Official Opening [room tbc]
Professor Flavia Swann =96 Dean of ADM&C
Dr Peter Durrans, Dean of Culture
Dr Alison O=92Malley-Younger =96 Conference Coordinator
Mr Derek Hannon, Foreign Press and Culture Officer, Irish Embassy, =
London
Ms Margaret Mellor, Director, Tourism Ireland

11.00 =96 12.00
Plenary Lecture 1, [room tbc]
Professor Willy Maley, University of Glasgow
=93Spenser=92s Ireland=94
Chair =96 Dr Richard Terry.

12-00 =96 13.00
Lunch =96 Prospect Building.

13.00- 14.30
SESSION 1 =96
Chair tbc.
Room [tbc]
Contemporary Irish Women=92s Poetry

Se=E1n Crosson, Centre for Irish Studies, NUI, Galway. - The musical =
quality
of Nuala N=ED Dhomhnaill=92s poetry
Kataryzyna Poloczeck =96 University of Lodz, Poland. Whose Colony? =
Irishness,
gender and poscolonialism in contemporary Irish women=92s poetry.
Dr Irene Gilsenan Nordin- DUCIS Dalarna University Centre for Irish =
Studies
Sweden- The Ritual of the Quest: Narrative and Myth


SESSION 2 =96=20
Chair Professor Stuart Sim.
Room [tbc]
Comparative Irelands

Birgit Ryschka =96 University of Limerick: In search of National =
Identity:
Literary representations in the theatre of Tom Murphy and Felix =
Mitterer.

Glyn Turton, Chester, In front of the servants: order, disorder and
re-ordering in Friel=92s and Turgenev=92s: "Fathers and Sons"

Frank Beardow, University of Sunderland, Lost and Found in Translation,
Friel, Frayn and Chekhov

Dr Inara Peneze , Associate professor , University of Latvia =91The =
Balts
among the Celts or Latvian Images of Ireland and the Irish=92.
=20

SESSION 3 =96=20
Chair: Dr Alison O=92Malley-Younger
Room Tbc

Performing =91Irishness=92

Professor Frances Botkin - Assistant Professor of English, Towson
University.US - "Performing Irishness: Sydney Owenson, Lady Morgan and =
The
Wild Irish Girl."
Emma Faulkner =96 The University of Glasgow Performance Rites in =
Frielian
Theatre
Dr Carole-Ann Upton =96 Hull University =96 Ghosts in Irish Drama

SESSION 4-
Chair: Professor Willy Maley
Room tbc
Irish Poetry

Dr John McDonagh =96 University of Limerick - 'The Familiar Stranger - =
Brendan
Kennelly's Nightmare Mind'
Professor Charles Armstrong, University of Bergen, Norway: "What's a =
Word
Worth? Paul Muldoon's 'Yarrow' and the Resistances of Recollection
Dr Jason Hall, Birbeck College, University of London [tbc]



14.30 =96 15.00 =96 Refreshments

15.00 =96 16.00=20
Chair =96 Professor Stuart Sim
Room tbc
Plenary Lecture 2 =96 Professor Stephen Regan, University of Durham, =
Irish
Gothic


16.00 =96 17.30

SESSION 5=20
Chair tbc
Room tbc
Media and Cultural Representations of Irishness

Dr Tony Purvis =96 University of Sunderland - tbc
Dr Marcus Free University of Limerick =93Which end does it shite out =
of?=94
Body, Class and Anal Eroticism in the Works of Roddy Doyle
Ian James Elliott, University of Sunderland: Translating Identity: the
poetry of Nualla Ni Dhomnaill.


SESSION 6=20
Chair - Frank Beardow
Room tbc

Irish Fictions

Dr Deirdre O'Byrne, Loughborough University, Transports of Delight?:
Metaphors of mobility in the writings of Mary Dorcey, Claire Keegan, =
Mary
Lavin and Edna O'Brien.
Monica Facchinello =96 University of York =96 =91Exile=92 from Irish =
history and
traditional genres,and the aesthetic exaltation of the word in John
Banville=92s =91inevitable=92 Irish novel, Birchwood
Dr Philip O=92Neill =96 Northumbria University -Strategies for Normality =
in
current N.Irish Fiction.



SESSION 7
Chair =96 Professor Stephen Regan
Room tbc

Irish Drama

Dr Tom Maguire, University of Ulster, Abject Bodies: Staged Violence in
Contemporary Northern Irish Drama
Dr Paul Murphy, Queens University Belfast - 'Too much Woman for =
Cuchulain:
the Woman as Thing in W.B. Yeats=92s Cuchulain cycle of plays'
Dr Alison O=92Malley-Younger =96 University of Sunderland =96 =
Transformations of
the Trickster: liminal figures in the Drama of Brian Friel


SESSION 8
Chair Dr John Strachan
Room tbc
Writing Ireland
Tudor Balinisteanu - PhD Student, Faculty of Arts, University of =
Glasgow,
The Materialism of Ideals and the Ideality of History in Yeats=92s =
Writing:
Defining a Space of Irishness
Dr Paul Delaney, Trinity College Dublin - =91Nobody now knows which=92:
transition and ritual in The Stormy Hills
Dr Charles Travis Trinity College Dublin - Beyond the Cartesian =
Imagination:
Placing Beckett.


17-30 =96Refreshments
19-00 =96 Drinks =96Prospect Building
19.30 - Performance of traditional Irish Dancing by Clann na Gael dance
troupe
20-00- Buffet dinner and ceilidh.

Sunday 14th November =96
10.00=20
Refreshments
10.30-13.00


SESSION 9
Chair tbc
Room tbc

Women of Ireland

MarieLouise Coolahan =96 NUI Galway - 'Translation, Travel and =
Testimony: the
Irish Poor Clares in the Seventeenth Century'.
Anthea Cordner =96 University of Newcastle =96tbc
Professor. Kate Chedgzoy =96 University of Newcastle tbc
SESSION 10
Chair tbc
Room tbc
Ireland: Past, Present and Future
Dr Patrick Maume =96 QUB Emily Lawless and the Disintegration of the =
Word
Dr Jarlath Killeen =96 UCD =96 Myth And History: Sir John Temple=92s The =
Irish
Rebellion and the Impact of Modern Mythology on Cultural History.
Dr Geoff Nash =96 The University of Sunderland Blunt, Ireland and Egypt

SESSION 11 =96=20
Chair: Dr Tony Purvis
Room tbc
Constructions and Representations of Ireland

Professor H. Elkadi University of Ulster - Culture & Visual Perception =
of
the Built Heritage: The case of the Shirt Industry in Derry
Dr Graham Spencer =96 Portsmouth University =96 The role of TV news in =
the peace
process
Dr Michael Breen =96 University of Limerick =96 Factual reporting or =
Media
Hyperbole
Rebecca Williams =96 University of Sunderland: Irish Violence and =
English
Opinion: A Study of Attitudes in the North East from Young Ireland to =
the
Fenians

13.00-14.00 - Poetry reading by Eilis Ni Dhuibne

End of conference

14-00 =96 Optional guided tour of the Glass Centre, St Peter=92s Campus,
University of Sunderland. There will be a cover charge of =A33.00 for =
this
event and lunch can be purchased in the restaurant.

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Subject: THE IRISH WRITERS' CENTRE
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THE IRISH WRITERS' CENTRE

The Irish Writers' Centre's new look newsletter can now be downloaded from
their website at www.writerscentre.ie. Alternatively, you can subscribe to
the newsletter by emailing the Centre at subscriptions[at]writerscentre.ie.

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From: Patrick O'Sullivan
Subject: LAUNCH OF WALES IRELAND NETWORKING
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From patrickos[at]irishdiaspora.net

LAUNCH OF WALES IRELAND NETWORKING

WIN is an initiative established by the Interreg IIIA Wales - Ireland
Programme. Through a travel and subsistence scheme it aims to encourage the
formation of partnerships that lead to the submission of Interreg IIIA
applications.

The launch of this scheme will take place on the 9th of July 2004, 9.15am at
Bloomfield House, Narberth.

Please contact Peter Morris by Wednesday 7 July for registration: Tel: 01267
224852 / Email: pemorris[at]carmarthenshire.gov.uk.

For more on the Interreg IIIA Wales - Ireland Programme...

See

http://www.prp.powys.org.uk/interreg.php

NTERREG III is a Community Initiative, which promotes the cross-border,
transnational and inter-regional co-operation in the European Union and its
border regions. The Ireland/ Wales INTERREG IIIA Programme supports joint
Irish/Welsh projects with a view to promoting the sustainable development of
the cross-border region through an integrated approach to economic, social
and environmental development. The Programme is financed by the European
Regional Development Fund (ERDF).

http://www.seregassembly.ie/interreg/ireland_wales/interreg_3a_summary.asp?t
emp=&lang=ga

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From: Patrick O'Sullivan
Subject: Book Review, Stanbridge,
Catholics in Eighteenth-Century Ireland and Quebec
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For information...

P.O'S.

-----Original Message-----
H-NET BOOK REVIEW
Published by H-Catholic[at]h-net.msu.edu (June 2004)

Karen Stanbridge._ Toleration and State Institutions: British Policy toward
Catholics in Eighteenth-Century Ireland and Quebec_. Lanham MD: Lexington
Books, 2003.208 pp. Notes, bibliography, index. ISBN 0-7391-0558-2.

Reviewed for H-Catholic by Terence J. Fay, S. J., Department of History, St.
Augustine's Seminary/ TST/UT (Toronto School of Theology, University of
Toronto)

Toleration of Catholics Compared in Ireland and Quebec

Much has been written about the North Atlantic Triangle, and the complex
interplay of the economic, political, and diplomatic relationships. Little
is written, however, about the religious relationships. In a unique
comparison, Karen Stanbridge has chosen to contrast the British treatment of
eighteenth-century Catholics in Ireland with that of eighteenth-century
French Canadians. She raises the interesting question of why the conquered
Catholics in Quebec were treated generously when Catholics in Ireland
endured much oppression.

The contrast of British imperial policy toward Catholics in Ireland and
Quebec provides this study with an international twist. Karen Stanbridge
explores the British restrictions against Catholics in the Treaty of
Limerick of 1697 and the Irish Catholic Relief Act of 1778 and the tolerant
British policy in Quebec Act of 1774 permitting the public practice of
Catholicism. This study will attract the attention of scholars who are
puzzled by the British imposition of the strict Penal Laws against Irish
Catholics with the open toleration of conquered Canadian Catholics.

Stanbridge's study is more than a study in comparative history. She employs
the sociological method of historical institutionalism to help explain
contradictory policies implemented by the same imperial government. That is,
she divides institutions into formal and informal, and demonstrates how they
limit the vision and parameters of the historical actors. She would contend
that the British politicians acted within the constraints which the
Anglo-Irish and Anglo-Canadian institutions imposed upon them. She continues
that institutions have their own inertia or empowerment which put great
pressure on those forming imperial policy. Stanbridge does not present new
documents to prove her arguments but places the actors in their historical
environment from existing secondary sources. The historical environment she
sketches provides the context for resultant decisions. This is a unique book
in that it employs a particular sociological model to magnify political
issues and resolve diplomatic questions.

The author has thoroughly investigated British constitutional and colonial
historiography and comes to Ireland and Quebec ready to construct her
institutional comparison in a unique and closely reasoned manner. She
contends that much literature treats historical events as the outcome of
unilateral decisions made by one official. In fact, she argues most
political policies were formed by negotiation rather than by isolated
decision making. Thus, Stanbridge analyses for this study "three pieces of
legislation that occupied strategic locations" on the road toward Catholic
toleration (p. 17). She investigates the institutions and actors that shaped
the political evolution in Ireland and Quebec. She believes that
organizations "affect human behavior to a greater extent than is often
allowed by agential approaches" (p. 17).
Assessing the institutional role assists the historian in determining the
why and how of these unfolding events. Her method is to search out the
historical background of legislation dealing with religious toleration,
analyze the institutions involved, consider the influence of the actors,
explore the formulation of the legislation, and make an evaluation of the
relative influences on the consequent legislation (pp. 26-27).

The focus centers on the Treaty of Limerick Ratification Bill, the Quebec
Act, and the Irish Relief Act. The author applies the methodology to each of
the legislation acts in turn. The Treaty of Limerick was agreed to by
Catholic and Protestant warring factions in 1691, but yet remained to be
ratified by the Irish Parliament. Stanbridge contends that while the William
III presumed the English executive and the Irish Parliament would move
toward toleration in the treaty, this is not what happened. Applying the
methodology of historical institutionalism to the ratification process, she
discovered that although the expectation for toleration was real, the Irish
Lords and MPs determined to vote otherwise. For them, toleration of
Catholics would weaken the Protestant hand and allow Catholics to control
Ireland. For Protestants, land was the issue. What had been Catholic land at
the beginning of the seventeenth century was now Protestant land, and any
compromise would jeopardize control. The treaty did not bring tolerance as
hoped, but further restrictions upon Catholics. Four hundred Catholic clergy
were transported. Protestants were prohibited from marrying Catholics and
being converted to Catholicism. Catholics were forbidden to be solicitors or
to purchase Protestant land. The balance of power had shifted to the
anti-Catholic Irish Parliament. From the generous ceasefire agreed to in
1691, the Treaty of Limerick by ratification in 1697 had been "mutilated" to
become severely restrictive against Catholics.

With the Penal Laws still binding Catholics of the British Empire, Catholic
Quebec was conquered by English military in 1763, and the worst was feared.
The British Parliament by the 1760s was a more active player on the colonial
scene, and this parliamentary interest animated the existence of
trans-Atlantic lobby groups and popular assemblies to participate in the
policymaking. George III and English interests saw no reason to grant
concessions to Quebec Catholics, but the first governor, General James
Murray, allowed the Canadians to continue their religious practices and
their seigneurial system without the imposition of loyalty oaths. The more
politically astute Guy Carleton replaced Murray and continued the religious
and legal concessions to French Canadians. Both governors argued that
security against the threat of the thirteen colonies to the south and the
French navy in the Atlantic dictated the 18,000 Canadian fighters be
cultivated for service of the English crown. Guy Carleton convinced the
colonial institution and the English government to approve the Quebec Act to
win the support of the Canadians.

The third part of the analysis investigates the Irish Relief Act of 1778.
This same year, "The English Relief Act freed Catholics in England to hear
mass, educate their children and buy, bequeath or inherit land" (p. 148).
The English Parliament believed in its right to influence the Irish
Parliament. English Relief legislation for Catholics was tied to recruitment
for the army. Small concessions from the Irish Parliament, it was believed,
would entice leading Irish Catholics to promote military enlistments.
Through commerce, Catholics had increased their wealth, wanted to buy land,
and were a "powerful force in Irish society." They lobbied the government
and assured it of the loyalty of their membership. Under the circumstances,
the Irish Parliament passed the Irish Relief Act as harmless legislation
that "granted far fewer concessions than did the English Relief Act, and did
not come close to including the liberties that had been granted to French
Catholics in Quebec" (p. 175). Over the opposition of Irish radicals,
Stanbridge concludes, the Anglo-Irish institutional pressure assured the
passage of the modest Irish Relief Act. This act and the Quebec Act were
"the first major legislative departures from Britain's anti-Catholic
tradition" (p. 191).

This volume introduces historical institutionalism to show readers the
practical expedients that moved English and Irish institutions toward
religious toleration. Stanbridge analyses isolated pieces of legislation
from different parts of the empire and connects them on the international
horizon of world history. She employs published sources to construct a
unique comparison of the growth of English Protestant toleration for Irish
and Canadian Catholics. The analysis focuses on the legal maneuvering rather
than on the interplay of the two cultures. A cultural amplification might
have provided a more broadly based understanding of the issues. Whereas in
Ireland, an Anglophone elite was entrenched over Catholics and Protestants,
in Canada a small military establishment governed the firmly committed
Catholic population of French and Aboriginals. By her interesting method,
Karen Stanbridge challenges traditional historians and those using
comparative analysis to move beyond the limits of individual decision making
and advance to the wider vistas of institutional analysis. This volume is a
must read for students of the North Atlantic Triangle!

Copyright (c) 2004 by H-Net, all rights reserved. H-Net permits
the redistribution and reprinting of this work for nonprofit,
educational purposes, with full and accurate attribution to the
author, web location, date of publication, originating list, and
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contact the Reviews editorial staff: hbooks[at]mail.h-net.msu.edu.

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From: Patrick O'Sullivan
Subject: Ir-D Article,
FRANCHISE FACTOR IN THE DEFEAT OF IRISH PARLIAMENTARY PARTY
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From Email Patrick O'Sullivan

For information...

P.O'S.


publication
Historical Journal - London
ISSN
0018-246X electronic: 1469-5103
publisher
Cambridge University Press

year - volume - issue - page
2004 - 47 - 2 - 355

article

THE FRANCHISE FACTOR IN THE DEFEAT OF THE IRISH PARLIAMENTARY PARTY,
1885-1918

McCONNEL, JAMES

abstract

This article examines Irish nationalist attitudes towards electoral reform
between 1885 and 1918. It argues that before 1917 mainstream Irish
nationalist opinion attached little importance to the franchise, being
instead more concerned about the consequences for home rule if the number of
Irish parliamentary seats was reduced through redistribution. However, the
introduction of wartime legislation to reform the franchise and registration
system repoliticized electoral reform in nationalist Ireland. While the
Irish parliamentary party vociferously protested at the coalition
government's belated attempt to redistribute Irish constituencies, its
critics (a coalition of heterodox nationalists, socialists, and
suffragettes) accused it of deliberately conspiring to exclude Ireland from
the 'fourth' reform bill because the young men and women it would
enfranchise intended to vote for Sinn Fein. This article argues that the
concerns of the Irish party regarding redistribution were genuine and
legitimate, while the conspiracy theory was essentially a propaganda device.
None the less, the theory gained widespread attention because its underlying
assumption about the voting behaviour of the new electorate was shared not
only by its exponents, but by sections of the press, the British
administration in Ireland, and the Irish party itself. Indeed, so convinced
was the party that the cleavage in Ireland was as much generational as
ideological that ultimately the franchise was a factor in its defeat at the
1918 general election.

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From: Patrick O'Sullivan
Subject: Letter about Thoreau in Guardian
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From Email Patrick O'Sullivan

Last week The Guardian had an article by John Updike, based on his
Introduction to the new Princeton edition of Thoreau, Walden...

' the book risks being as revered and unread as the Bible... Of the American
classics densely arisen in the middle of the 19th century... Walden has
contributed most to America's present sense of itself...

http://books.guardian.co.uk/review/story/0,12084,1246669,00.html

This week there were a number of letters comment on Updike's comments,
including one letter by me - pointing out that Thoreau pauses at the
mid-point of this sacred book to insult an Irishman, John Field, and then
Thoreau goes on to insult all Irish people, every where, any time...

http://books.guardian.co.uk/review/story/0,12084,1252124,00.html

My original letter was shortened a bit by The Guardian. The letter is, of
course, based on my discussion with James P. Myers, jun., when I was
planning The Creative Migrant Volume 3 of The Irish World Wide, on my
Introduction to that volume, and on James Myers' chapter in that volume.
James Myers' chapter is (deliberately) the only one in the entire 6 volume
series that addresses anti-Irish prejudice as such - and what a deal of
unpacking had to be done to explore the saintly Thoreau's thought
processes...

Paddy


--
Patrick O'Sullivan
Head of the Irish Diaspora Research Unit

Email Patrick O'Sullivan
Email Patrick O'Sullivan
Personal Fax 0044 (0) 709 236 9050

Irish Diaspora Studies http://www.brad.ac.uk/acad/diaspora/
Irish Diaspora Net
http://www.irishdiaspora.net

Irish Diaspora Research Unit
Department of Social Sciences and Humanities
University of Bradford
Bradford BD7 1DP
Yorkshire
England

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From: Patrick O'Sullivan
Subject: Directions to ACIS Conference in Liverpool 12-16 July 2004
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From Email Patrick O'Sullivan

For information...

P.O'S.


Forwarded on behalf of...
Linda Christiansen [irish.studies[at]liverpool.ac.uk]


Directions to ACIS Conference in Liverpool 12-16 July 2004

The Director and Staff of The Institute of Irish Studies are very much
looking forward to welcoming you to The University of Liverpool. Below you
will find details on how to find the University and where Conference
registration will take place.

How to get to Liverpool and the University Precinct
Directions on how to get to Liverpool by road, air, bus, train and ferry,
may be downloaded from http://www.liv.ac.uk/about/visiting/index.htm.
Liverpool Airport is located 8 miles from the University and the journey to
the University takes approximately 20 minutes. When travelling by bus or
taxi to the Conference venue please ask for 'Abercromby Square'.

Maps of Liverpool City Centre and the approaches to the city may be found at
www.liv.ac.uk/maps. If you are staying in a hotel in the Liverpool city
centre, the link to the city centre map is
http://www.liv.ac.uk/maps/images/city_map.gif.

Registration
Registration for the Conference will take place in the Eleanor Rathbone
Building Foyer, Bedford Street South (off Abercromby Square) from 8.30 -
10.30 am, Monday 12 July 2004. The Eleanor Rathbone Building is numbered
80 on the University of Liverpool precinct map at
http://www.liv.ac.uk/UniversityPrecinct/precmap.html. On Monday 12th July
the first session will commence at 10.30 am and for the rest of the week the
first session will commence at 9.00 am. If you are registering late, the
Eleanor Rathbone Building will be manned for registration all week.

The Institute of Irish Studies is located at 1 Abercromby Square, Liverpool
L69 7WY (Tel: 0151-794-3831, Fax 0151-794-3836 email:
irish.studies[at]liv.ac.uk) and is numbered 55 on the precinct map.

Transport from the Halls of Residence
A bus will be laid on for those Delegates staying at University of Liverpool
Halls of Residence each morning to bring you to the Conference. The bus
leaves from outside the Derby and Rathbone Halls at 8.30 am.

Conference Pack
Upon registration you will receive a Conference Pack which will include a
copy of the final Programme and a list of all the Delegates. The final
Programme is now also available to download from www.liv.ac.uk/irish.

Contact us
If you have any queries, please do not hesitate to contact us at
irish.studies[at]liv.ac.uk or Dorothy[at]liv.ac.uk

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From: Patrick O'Sullivan
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From Email Patrick O'Sullivan

Some articles from Leon Fink's new journal, Labor, have turned up in our web
trawls - and I am clarifying their relevance.

Meanwhile, I thought we'd like to know the background to the new journal -
since we have touched on these issues in the past, and I think the issues
are going to become greater in the future.

Basically, very few groups make real money out of the web - the
pornographers, the gambling organisers, and the publishers of scholarly
journals... The publishers get their raw material virtually for free - in a
roundabout way they are being subsidised by governments, universities and by
individual scholars...

Or maybe I'm reading too much into this.

Anyway...

Our good wishes to Leon Fink and his colleagues...

P.O'S.

See web sites...

http://chronicle.com/free/v49/i43/43a01801.htm
'Editor of 'Labor History' Quits, and Dozens Join Him; Oxford Press Hires
Editor From Princeton
By SCOTT SMALLWOOD and DAVID GLENN

LABOR UPRISING: The editor of Labor History has resigned over a dispute with
the 43-year-old journal's new commercial publisher. In solidarity, more than
40 people associated with the journal have left as well, joining him at Duke
University Press, with plans to start a competing publication...'

http://www.dukeupress.edu/labor/

NEW in 2004! Labor: Studies in Working-Class History of the Americas, edited
by Leon Fink, professor of history at the University of Illinois at Chicago,
is a new journal about labor history in the U.S., Canada, Latin America, and
the Caribbean. Its mission includes providing a site for historical analysis
and commentary and a framework for understanding the roots of our current
labor dilemmas.

The premier issue is now available. Subscribe today! Click here to read the
introduction.

Labor was created in response to "developing irreconcilable differences"
between the editorial board of Labor History and its publisher, Taylor &
Francis. More than forty people associated with Labor History, including the
editor in chief, Leon Fink, four associate editors, the book review editor,
the six-person editorial committee, and the thirty contributing editors,
have joined the new journal. For more information about the Labor walkout,
see a recent article from the Chronicle of Higher Education....

Mission Statement

The labor question--who will do the work and under what economic and
political terms?--beckons today with renewed global urgency. As a site for
both historical research and commentary, Labor: Studies in Working-Class
History of the Americas hopes to provide an intellectual scaffolding for
understanding the roots of continuing social dilemmas. We invite submissions
that explore the situation, subjectivity, or strategy of working men and
women in any era. Although the tradition from which we emerge and to which
we still pay critical homage has focused primarily on social movements and
institutions based on industrial labor, we mean to give equal attention to
other labor systems and social contexts (e.g., agricultural work, slavery,
unpaid and domestic labor, informal sector, the professions). While we begin
with the U.S. experience, we intend to extend our literacy to developments
across the "American" hemisphere and, indeed, to other transnational
comparisons that shed light on the American experience. To these ends, we
look not only to academic historians but also to other scholars,
journalists, labor educators, poets, and writer-activists for research
articles, interpretive essays, notes and documents, and reviews.

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From: Patrick O'Sullivan
Subject: Ultan Cowley in paperback
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From Email Patrick O'Sullivan

Ultan Cowley in paperback

_The Men Who Built Britain_, Ultan Cowley's account of the Irish navvy in
Britain, has been issued in paperback by Wolfhound Press (ISBN
0-86327-922-8).

There are reviews on www.irishdiaspora.net and on http://www.emigrant.ie/

I am having trouble resolving the Wolfhound Press web site... But it was
out there somewhere...

P.O'S.

Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: Patrick O'Sullivan
Subject: Article, Irish/Caribbean Intersections,
'Plantation and Big House Novels'
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From: Cruinneog[at]aol.com
Cruinneog[at]aol.com
Subject: New Pubication on Irish/Caribbean Intersections

Dear Paddy,

For those list members interested in intersections between Ireland and the
Caribbean, a new article by Maria McGarrity has just been published in the
Journal of West Indian Literature:

"Impossible Sanctuary: Geography, Sexual Transgression, and Flight in
Plantation and Big House Novels," Journal of West Indian Literature, Vol
11, No 2, 2003, pages 29-57.

Sla/n,
Margaret Mc Peake
Co-Director, Irish Studies Program
New College of California
777 Valencia St.
San Francisco, CA 94110
415/437-34327, ext. 3
mcmcpeake[at]aol.com

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From: Patrick O'Sullivan
Subject: Amazon Associate
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From Email Patrick O'Sullivan

As reported earlier I have made www.irishdiaspora.net an associate of
Amazon.com (for the USA) and Amazon.co.uk - in theory this means that, if
anyone clicks through to Amazon from our web site and actually buys stuff,
irishdiaspora.net will get a contribution towards its running costs. Though
I will believe that when it happens.

Apparently the Amazons regard themselves as separate outfits. Though
clearly they are sisters under the skin...

I pasted into the front page of irishdiaspora.net some pieces of coding
supplied by the Amazon sisters.

And I watched, fascinated...

This has been so interesting - and useful - that I have created a separate
Amazon page in our LINKS folder, with big Amazon screens, not little
itty-bitty ones.

Amazon allows us create a little piece of coding that sits on our web site,
performs keyword searches of the Amazon database, and displays the
ever-changing results on our web site.

As reported, I set it up first to search BOOKS with the key words IRISH
DIASPORA. This turned up books of interest, including books by Kevin Kenny
and Breda Gray. I did this with both the main Amazons, to see if there were
any differences.

I then tried a number of variations. Including a search of BOOKS using the
key words IRISH MIGRATION IMMIGRATION. This turned up, for example, books
by Enda Delaney, Lynn Hollen Lees, Hasia R. Diner, J. Matthew Gallman, Jim
Mac Laughlin...

These searches also turned up books that HAVE NOT YET BEEN PUBLISHED...

Examples include Irish-American Diaspora Nationalism: the Friends of Irish
Freedom,1916-35 by Michael Doorley, and The Eternal Paddy: Irish Identity
and the British Press, 1798-1882 by Michael Willem De Nie...

It is possible to confuse the software - for example if you include too many
search terms after the key word IRISH it tends to forget the Irish... I
have not, as yet, persuaded the software to make visible Ultan Cowley's
book.

I think I need to stress again that these searches happen automatically -
Amazon's software searches its own database and displays the results on our
web site. Sometimes indeed when you click through to Amazon it turns out
that the books are not available. But I think it's good that the books are
made books visible...

In effect we have little robots that searches the Amazon book databases for
us, sometimes even alerting us to items of future interest... There is also
a little lesson in the patterns of keyword searches.

Paddy


--
Patrick O'Sullivan
Head of the Irish Diaspora Research Unit

Email Patrick O'Sullivan
Email Patrick O'Sullivan
Personal Fax 0044 (0) 709 236 9050

Irish Diaspora Studies http://www.brad.ac.uk/acad/diaspora/
Irish Diaspora Net
http://www.irishdiaspora.net

Irish Diaspora Research Unit
Department of Social Sciences and Humanities
University of Bradford
Bradford BD7 1DP
Yorkshire
England

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From: Patrick O'Sullivan
Subject: Being Irish 4
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From: Liam Greenslade
To: IR-D[at]JISCMAIL.AC.UK
Subject: Re: [IR-D] Being Irish 3

Dear all, Thanks to Patrick for his considered response to my tantrum. I
acknowledge Patrick's mention of Carmel's objection to tea towels, but I
hope the list took that part of the posting in the spirit of Liverpool-Irish
irony with which it was meant.

I read the O'Kelly article in response and as Patrick says there is much to
agree with in it. My problem is however, not with either his discussion nor
many of the sentiments he expresses, but rather the set of premisses,
historical and otherwise, upon which his article is based.

First of all that Irishness and discussions of Irish identity should begin
and end on the island of Ireland. This hasn't been, in my view, a relevant
point of departure( no pun intended) since the latter part of the 19th
Century. If the wider sense of Irishness as opposed the being born in a
stable version is adopted. Most 'Irishness' has been conducted outside of
Ireland since then (check the statistics). And that that should have been
constrained/controlled by a ruling class that could teach the dictators of
half a dozen banana republics lessons in moral, political and economic
corruption overcomes any latter day feelings of tribunal fatigue I may have.
It makes me seethe, to be frank.

Secondly, that the response to in-migration is simply confined to people of
colour or non-Western European extraction and that all internal policies and
identity politics should be directed to that 'new heterogeneity'. First of
all the largest in-migrant group comes from Britain and are mainly returning
Irish born or people of Irish descent, such as myself. You want to see how
indigenous Irish xenophobia works try getting in a Dublin taxi cab late at
night wearing a RoI soccer shirt and speaking with an English accent or
being a returned migrant in rural Ireland. (Or being Mick McCarthy for that
matter). Lord knows why Irish-Americans return here year after year the way
they get treated, either.

Thirdly, that the response to in-migration is in some sense characterised by
racist attacks and incidents which may or may not be 'a temporary response
to sudden and traumatic social changes'. I live in a 'mature' working class
neighbourhood of Dublin. In the time I have lived there I have watched my
neighbours adapt to the presence of foreigners, most of whom have moved
there out of economic necessity, by the way (and by 'foreigners' I mean just
as much people from other parts of Dublin, people such as myself, as well as
africans, chinese, etc,). There have been incidents, but by and large no one
has rushed to join the National Front. And there has been nothing to compare
with what I saw in Liverpool or Manchester during the 1970s and 80s. When
Aine ni Conaill (?) the Platform on Emigration spacer, stood in the last
Dail elections she chose Crumlin because she thought she would stand a good
chance of getting some votes. She didn't. She was humiliated (but that may
be because she was from Cork:-)).

However, what I see every day are politicians and other representatives of
the ruling order (such as the media) exploit peoples fears about pending
economic crisis and use immigration as a means keeping those fears on the
boil. I wince every time I hear the word 'non-national' because in a
Pavlovian fashion I've been conditioned of late to expect bad news (rape,
disease, social welfare crime etc etc). This is not evidence of
heterogeneity, it is the transformation of difference into division.

The recent constitutional amendment referendum is just another example of
the way in which a corrupt ruling elite diverts attention away from its own
doings and feathers its own nest at the expense of the people as a whole.
From the 19th Century it was emigrants who suffered for their gombeenism.
Now it would seem it's immigrants who are the whipping boys.

Finally, and I promise it is final, it seems to me that we in Diaspora
studies have actually been guilty to some greater or lesser extent of
varying forms of ancestor worship which prevents us from taking a more
proactive role in discussions of Irishness or Irish identity. It feels
sometimes that we are inhibited from being more outspoken about what goes on
here on the island of Ireland and the consequences it has had and continues
to have for the many generations of people outside of this island who see
themselves as Irish. One possible good that may come out of the referendum
is that now having an Irish parent makes you more qualified to be Irish than
someone who is born here.

Anyway so, that's what I think

Best Liam

--
Liam Greenslade Department of Sociology Trinity College Dublin Tel +353
(0)16082621 Mobile +353 (0)87 2847435

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From: Thomas J. Archdeacon [mailto:tjarchde[at]wisc.edu]
Subject: RE: [IR-D] Being Irish 4

I have been loosely following the debate in Ireland about the arrival of
persons from other countries and continents. A couple of months ago, my
knowledge was up-to-do, but my attention lagged at the end of the term.
Part of the reason I was up-to-date was a request I received from Mary
Raftery, who writes a weekly column the Irish Times. She contacted me with
an interesting question, and I did a little research before responding. If
the debate has moved past me, please excuse my ignorance. In case that the
situation remains stable, however, here are my thoughts as of a few months
ago.

The question appeared to be the status of foreigners who became the parents
of children born in Ireland and therefore citizens of that country. The
assumption by many seemed to be that U.S. law granted residence to parents
in the analogous position and, if the racist U.S. did that, then progressive
Ireland certainly could manage the gesture. The only complication, however,
is that U.S. law makes no such allowance.

Many people assume that the parents of children born in the U.S. have a
right to residence in the U.S. The belief stems from several sources.
First, opponents of immigration tell tales of women (especially Mexicans)
crossing the border to give birth in the U.S. so that they can become
immigrants themselves. This may the motive for some women who give birth in
the U.S., but the more common phenomenon - and one raising different issues
related to the health system - is undocumented immigrants' giving birth in
American hospitals, which will not ask about their legal status. Second,
U.S. law does allow American citizens (naturalized or born) who have reached
21 years of age to bring in their parents without regard to annual or per
country quotas. Finally, if people who have illegally entered the US are
eventually caught, the fact that they have an American-born child may enable
them to avoid removal on the grounds it would cause irreparable damage to an
American citizen. The argument usually doesn't work unless the child has
reached ten years of age or close to it.

Is a baby born in the U.S. an American citizen? Yes. May he or she remain
in residence? Yes, but not necessarily with its parents; they may have to
leave it in care of others. If the parents take the baby home, can it later
return to the US and assume its citizenship? Yes, but it will have to spend
at least some time in the U.S. early in its adult years, if it wants to keep
that right.

As many of you undoubtedly know, U.S. immigration law is extraordinarily
complex and confusion about it arises regularly. The preceding issue is not
isolated. This past spring, Attorney General John Ashcroft announced that
the battered women could be eligible for refugee status in the U.S. That
Mr. Ashcroft, at whose name liberal hearts quake around the world, could
make such an announcement created small shock waves. So, I ended up
fielding a few phone calls from public radio correspondents on the hunt for
a story about a potential influx of millions of women to the U.S. Once
again, the situation was not quite what it seemed to be. Under refugee
policy, the abuse of the victim has to be the result of state policy or of a
state's inability or unwillingness to prevent abuse by private parties. The
battered woman scenario was simply a variation of findings made by former
Attorney General Janet Reno that, under certain limited circumstances, women
fleeing female genital mutilation would be eligible for refugee status. It
wasn't an open invitation to everyone making a claim of spousal
mistreatment.

Back to the main point. The people of Ireland have the right to grant
residence to whomever they choose. Perhaps the generous policy being
advocated is the correct one, and perhaps the refusal to grant it is based
on racism. Ireland's reluctance in this area, however, does not make it an
outlier among receiving countries.

Tom Archdeacon

Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: Patrick O'Sullivan
Subject: Article, Refugee Law in Ireland:
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From Email Patrick O'Sullivan

This article has recently been published, but has been overtaken by events -
and becomes a footnote to recent discussion.

P.O'S.


Title: Refugee Law in Ireland: Disregarding the Rights of the Child-Citizen,
Discriminating against the Rights of the Child
Author(s): Claire Breen
Source: International Journal of Refugee Law Volume: 15 Number: 4 Page:
750 -- 785
Publisher: Oxford University Press

Abstract: This paper relates to the particular difficulties which have
arisen in Ireland with regard to asylum-seekers who have Irish-born
children. Irish Constitutional law and Irish legislation dictates that
children born in Ireland are to be granted Irish citizenship. Until
recently, the effect of this legislation had been interpreted in light of
the Constitutional guarantee regarding the protection of the family unit
with the result that the non-EU national parents and families of children
born in Ireland generally qualified for Irish residency. However, a recent
decision of the High Court, which emphasised the need to protect the
'integrity' of the Irish asylum system, held that the immigrant parents of
Irish-born children were not entitled to remain in the State. This paper
contends that the Irish High Court not only circumscribed the rights of
Irish-born children whose parents are non-EU nationals, it (re)inforced the
notion that the effective protection and imphlementation of the citizen
rights of Irish-born children will depend on the nationality of their
parents, a notion which runs contrary to the non-discrimination provisions
of national and international law regarding the rights of the child and the
protection to be accorded to the family unit.
C 2004 Oxford University Press