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From: Richard Jensen
rjensen[at]uic.edu
Subject: Re: [IR-D] Being Irish 5

>

My understanding is that this baby will always be a US citizen.
It's children born abroad to American citizens who have to return at some
point.

Richard Jensen rjensen[at]uic.edu

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Subject: Book Announced, Michael de Nie, The Eternal Paddy
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From Email Patrick O'Sullivan

We have received the following from the University of Wisconsin Press about
Michael de Nie's new book The Eternal Paddy
Irish Identity and the British Press, 1798-1882 - as previously mentioned on
IR-D and noticed by the Amazon.com database...

P.O'S.


-----Original Message-----
The Eternal Paddy
Irish Identity and the British Press, 1798-1882 Michael de Nie

University of Wisconsin Press
www.wisc.edu/wisconsinpress

History of Ireland and the Irish Diaspora, James S. Donnelly, Jr., and
Thomas Archdeacon, Series Editors

LC: 2003020565 DA384 pp. 6 x 9 49 b/w illus.
ISBN 0-299-18660-1 Cloth $50.00
ISBN 0-299-18664-4 Paper $24.95

Drawing on more than ninety newspapers published in England, Scotland, and
Wales, this is the first major detailed analysis of British press coverage
of Ireland over the course of the nineteenth century. This book traces the
evolution of popular understandings and proposed solutions to the "Irish
question," focusing particularly on the interrelationship between the press,
the public, and the politicians. The work also engages with ongoing studies
of imperialism and British identity, exploring the role of Catholic Ireland
in British perceptions of their own identity and their empire.

"Michael de Nie, the author of this impressive volume, illustrates that a
study of the British press can enhance our knowledge and understanding of
popular perceptions of the Irish, the public discourse on the Irish
Question, and the shifting strategies adopted by British politicians towards
Ireland between 1798 and 1882. . . .The standard of scholarship is high,
combining breadth and depth of analysis with an acute eye for detail."-Roger
Swift, Chester College


"Based on scores of newspapers and half a dozen comic weeklies, this
impressive book explores the construction of Paddy during four pivotal
crises:
the rising of 1798 and its aftermath, the great famine, the Fenian movement,
and the land war. . . . De Nie makes a compelling case for the role played
by the trinity of racial, religious, and class stereotypes in shaping
British public and official attitudes towards all those incorrigible Paddies
who made Ireland so ungovernable."-L. Perry Curtis, Jr., Professor Emeritus
Brown University, author of Apes and Angels: The Irishman in Victorian
Caricature

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From: Thomas J. Archdeacon
tjarchde[at]wisc.edu
Subject: RE: [IR-D] Being...

I haven't seen the message I sent yet, but I assume Richard is responding to
it, and he is correct. My goof. See what I meant by complications.

Tom

Thomas J. Archdeacon Phone: 608-263-1778
Professor of History Fax: 608-263-5302
U. of Wisconsin -- Madison
4135 Humanities
455 North Park St.
Madison, WI 53706


-----Original Message-----

From: Richard Jensen
rjensen[at]uic.edu
Subject: Re: [IR-D] Being Irish 5

>

My understanding is that this baby will always be a US citizen.
It's children born abroad to American citizens who have to return at some
point.

Richard Jensen rjensen[at]uic.edu

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From: Patrick O'Sullivan
Subject: The Molly Maguires on dvd
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Email Patrick O'Sullivan

I think it worth mentioning that the 1970 Martin Ritt movie, The Molly
Maguires, has been released on DVD, on Region 1 and now here on Region 2.
Region 4, Australia, will be out soon.

The movie always seemed to me well researched, but I have not seen a study
of Screenwriter Walter Bernstein's sources. Does any one know more? Of
course he was not able to draw on Making Sense of the Molly Maguires by
Kevin Kenny.

The movie has been described as grim and humourless - and it is a bit dour.
But it is an Irish Diaspora movie. And we do see 3 fine actors at the
height of their powers, Richard Harris, Sean Connery, Frank Finlay. Richard
Harris as 'McParlan' is especially good - catching the man's charm. Harris
switches on charm like a weapon. Frank Finlay brings an austere Welsh
policeman to the ethnic mix - and I suppose in these troubled times we can
learn to see the policeman as the hero...

The Molly Maguires are now very visible on the web - some examples below...

http://www.columbiapa.org/county/historical/molly_maguires.html
Coal Mining, Mine Fires, & The Molly Maguires

http://search.looksmart.com/p/browse/us1/us317829/us317861/us153268/us998071
/us10035226/

P.O'S.


--
Patrick O'Sullivan
Head of the Irish Diaspora Research Unit

Email Patrick O'Sullivan
Email Patrick O'Sullivan
Personal Fax 0044 (0) 709 236 9050

Irish Diaspora Studies http://www.brad.ac.uk/acad/diaspora/
Irish Diaspora Net
http://www.irishdiaspora.net

Irish Diaspora Research Unit
Department of Social Sciences and Humanities
University of Bradford
Bradford BD7 1DP
Yorkshire
England

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From: Noreen Bowden
noreen[at]emigrant.ie
Subject: Re: [IR-D] Being Irish 5

I think there is a bit of confusion here.

> The question appeared to be the status of foreigners who became the
parents
> of children born in Ireland and therefore citizens of that country.


The question of whether foreigners who gave birth to children in Ireland
could stay in Ireland had already been decided in the High Court - it was
determined in 2003 that they had no legal right to stay.

This was not the question that we were asked to vote on in the referendum.
We were asked to erase the meaning of the constitutional change that had
been added in 1998, which stated that anyone born in Ireland was
automatically entitled to citizenship. This had been voted on as part of the
Good Friday Agreement.

> The assumption by many seemed to be that U.S. law granted residence to
> parents in the analogous position and, if the racist U.S. did that,
> then progressive
> Ireland certainly could manage the gesture. The only complication,
however,
> is that U.S. law makes no such allowance.


The assumption by No campaigners was actually the correct one - that the US
does give citizenship to anyone born in the US.

Ireland used to be similar in this. With the passage of the referendum, the
Irish government is now expected to legislate that only children who have at
least one parent eligible for Irish citizenship are entitled to citizenship
by virtue of being born in the country.

Noreen

Noreen Bowden
General Manager
Irish Emigrant Publications
a: Cathedral Building, Middle Street, Galway
t: +353 91 569158
e: noreen[at]emigrant.ie
w: http://www.irishemigrant.com

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From: MacEinri, Piaras
p.maceinri[at]ucc.ie
Subject: RE: [IR-D] Being Irish 5

A quick response to Tom's interesting and detailed note. I was also involved
in backchannel conversations with Mary Raftery on this matter.

Tom says: 'Back to the main point. The people of Ireland have the right to
grant residence to whomever they choose. Perhaps the generous policy being
advocated is the correct one, and perhaps the refusal to grant it is based
on racism. Ireland's reluctance in this area, however, does not make it an
outlier among receiving countries.'

It is true, of course, that the people of Ireland have the right to grant
residence to whomever they choose. And it is arguable that Ireland's
reluctance in this area does not make it an outlier among receiving
countries. But I think one also needs to attend to the context and precise
circumstances in which the recent referendum was brought forward by the
Government.

(a) Was there a problem? The Government pointed to an alleged problem of
large numbers of non-Irish women getting off boats and planes in a late
stage of pregnancy and proceeding to the nearest Irish maternity hospital.
Wild and inaccurate press stories appeared, some of which drew upon the
(correct) statistic that about one fifth of all births in the Dublin area
are to 'non-nationals', but conflated this statistic with the late arrivals
just referred to. In fact, the 2002 census showed that 11% of all women
living in Dublin city and county were born outside the country, in itself a
remarkable statistic. Moreover, if one examines the age cohort 15-44,
foreign born women are disproportionately over-represented (there are not
many over this age as immigration is a recent phenomenon and not many under
as most migrant workers are in the 18-30 age bracket). In other words, the
proportion of births to foreign-born women in Dublin maternity hospitals can
be expected to be quite high, but the vast majority of these women are in
Ireland for perfectly legitimate reasons - they are here working, they may
be living with Irish partners, or have received refugee status or leave to
remain or be studying here etc. The Government withheld the true figures for
late arrivals from outside the State - which were in the hundreds, not
thousands - until after the referendum had taken place.

(b) A second issue cited by the official side was the 'Chen' case, where a
Chinese woman living in England chose to have her baby in Belfast in order
to benefit from Irish citizenship for the child, thus enabling both the baby
and herself to secure ongoing residence rights in the UK. However, this
rather complex legal case (which went to the European Court of Justice, but
as yet we only have the Advocate General's opinion, not the final decision
of the Court) hinged on a number of unusual factors, notably the fact that
the woman in question was wealthy and neither she nor her child would have
been likely to have become a burden on the state. Moreover, the conditions
under which the parent of a British or EU citizen child may be able to
remain in the UK are matters of British law - why should we change ours?

(c) The Government claimed, quite misleadingly, that it was necessary to
bring Irish law 'into line' with other EU countries. In fact there is no
consensus in Europe about citizenship and there has been no suggestion that
we should 'conform' to a (non-existent) standard practice. The 1992 Treaty
of Maastricht, in creating a concept of European citizenship for the first
time, endorsed this reality of difference by leaving it entirely to
individual member States to decide who was a citizen, so that it was simply
held that anyone who was a citizen of any individual member State was also a
'European' citizen.

(d) The entire issue was rushed through with unprecedented haste in a matter
of weeks, even though the Constitution is the fundamental legal text of the
State. There was no White paper and no consultation (not even with the Human
Rights Commission, which should have been consulted by right). The alleged
'loophole' referred to above was dealt with in a very disproportionate way;
even if some limited 'abuse' was occurring, it should not have been
addressed by tinkering in this manner with the Constitution.

(e) Much was made by Government (after they effectively lost the argument on
statistics) of the fact that the 'integrity' of the Irish citizenhip process
had to be preserved. Yet many millions of people around the world can claim
Irish citizenhip through a grandparent. Many, such as most members of this
list, do indeed have a commitment to Ireland/Irishness, however defined;
others see the passport as a useful route to living and working in the EU or
travelling with greater saftey in the Middle East. I am _not_ suggesting
that we should revisit Irish citizenhip law in this matter (what would we do
in future for a soccer team?) or that we should 'disown' the Diaspora. I
_am_ suggesting that the cynical expediency with which the Government
pursued its proposals with respect to a tiny 'loophole' arose primarily for
one reason: those deemed to be abusing the system did not have white skin.

(f) Ireland issued 47,551 work permits last year - the equivalent of well
over 3,000,000 for the US. We need these workers but we also need them many
of them to become participant, permanent members of our society. This
situation will not change - our birth rate is higher than other EU countries
but it is below the replacement rate. We are sending a very strange message
by effectively ethnicising our citizenship, as the concept of automaticity
will in future only apply to those who are ethnically Irish. It is true that
others will be eligible after a period of time but this will be determined
by legislation and subject to change. Moreover, we have no system of
permanent immigration - work permits have to be renewed annually. If foreign
parents have to wait under such conditions in order to ensure that their
children can be Irish, it is a recipe for exploitation (already endemic) by
employers.

(g) Perhaps most disturbing of all is the reasons, insofar as we can
discover them from opinion polls and other sources, that people gave for
supporting the referendum. About one third who voted yes apparently did so
because they felt we had 'too many' immigrants or that immigrants were
'exploiting' the country. I cannot escape the conclusion that the facts of
the referendum were of little relevance or interest to people. The real
issue was probably hidden (or not so hidden) resentment of asylum seekers
(which had nothing to do with the refendum) and the real message sent was
'blacks out'.

Piaras

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Subject: Book Announced, Duffy,
To and from Ireland: planned migration schemes
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From: "Ni Laoire, Caitriona"
Subject: New book

A new book on planned migration schemes to and from Ireland:

Patrick J Duffy (ed) To and from Ireland: planned migration schemes
c1600-2000 (Dublin: Geography Publications, 2004), 203pp., EUR20.
See www.geographypublications.com.

New Book Announcement- To and from Ireland
Posted on: 05/05/2004 13:03:50
To and from Ireland: planned migration schemes c.1600-2000.
Editor: Patrick J. Duffy

This book ranges through the histories of planned and assisted migrations in
Ireland during the past four centuries. It looks especially at the way the
movement of groups of people was managed and facilitated by a variety of
agencies from the seventeenth century onwards.
In all cases the aim was to regulate the inward or outward flow of selected
categories of people, whether young and able-bodied, those with skills and
capital, people with particular religious or cultural characteristics, or
poor people with nothing.
Topics range from migrations to Castille in the early 1600, Protestant
immigrations in the seventeenth century, schemes to assist emigration to
North America in the 1700s, landlord and philanthropic programmes to
emigrate large numbers of impoverished rural Irish in the nineteenth
century, state and church involvement in the flow of pregnant girls to
England 1920s-1960s and planned movement of small farmers from the west of
Ireland to the east midlands in the twentieth century

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From:
Subject: RE: [IR-D] Being Irish 7

On 'being Irish'

I read the recent message from Liam Greenslade with interest. I was unsure
whether his concern is that there have been in sufficient robust studies of
what it is to be Irish? Or was Liam's concern that the basis of such studies
are fundamentally flawed? Whatever the concerns, I share agreement with his
sentiments. Certainly, the concept of culture homogeneity among contemporary
Ireland is one that seems severely spurious. I would heartily recommend
members of the Diaspora to consult the book Reinventing Ireland ed. by Kirby
et al (Pluto Press, 2002) which is a collection of papers that consider the
way in which culture and society have adapted to the needs of a being a
strident economy capable of producing knowledge-based workers.

What interests me is what it means to be second generation Irish in England?
In particular, how am I seen by those who would eschew the misty-eyed
sentimentality that imbued the attitudes of those who left Ireland to seek
work abroad in the 1950s? My recent visits indicate that modern Ireland -
most certainly on the East Coast (especially in and around Dublin) -
displays few of the aspects of so called 'cultural identity' that outsiders
to Ireland believe (or certainly want to believe) still exists. I think of
things such as a sense of fair play, sharing of strife and tolerance toward
those who do not belong. In this sense I reflect on the values that were
apparent among the community of Irish people I grew up among in 1960s
Birmingham. Perhaps this is to be expected. Wealth brings with it a
concomitant desire to protect what you have got and, crucially, to ensure
you can keep ahead. The recent arrival of immigrants in Ireland, especially
if they are non-white, appears to give cause for concern that these people
may benefit from what they have not rightfully earned. One notes that when
you are served in a restaurant or bar it is more than likely to be by
someone whose appearance and accent is not indigenous. Recent attitudes (and
votes), indicate that menial jobs are fine for immigrants as long as they
don't get above themselves; and most certainly don't ask for citizenship.
Such views are oddly resonant with the attitudes that my parents faced in
coming to Britain in the 1950s; no black, no dogs, no Irish. If I may quote,
Gibbons who in turn quotes Anne Marie Hourihane, 'Irish people have no
reverence for the past at all, because it was so poor and unhappy. They
can't get to the future fast enough.' (ibid:105) As Gibbons notes, if modern
Ireland finds it so hard to deal with the history of suffering and forced
emigration, 'there is little likelihood that they will be able to relate to
those who come to the Ireland of the Celtic Tiger reminding them of their
own unrequited pasts' (ibid).

As an outside considering events through the 'cultural looking glass', there
is a danger of not seeing all aspects of Irish society from an insider's
point of view. Who, after all, am I (a mere 'plastic' or worse, according to
some, particularly footballers from Cork!), to condemn. However, as the son
of Irish immigrants I am proud of the their origins and, most particularly,
I am more than happy to consider my as 'being Irish'. But, what does 'being
Irish' really mean? I admit that I increasingly suffer from a sort of
schizophrenia in matters Irish. I like the sense of connectedness with those
who, traditionally, have been seen as the underdog. I also admire the
achievements of those Irish who succeed; especially where the odds seem
stacked against them. However, I have always had a deep sense of unease
about the fact that within the Irish there is a love of 'lucre' (and the
filthier the better!) My memory of the Irish in Birmingham was that most
were happy to simply earn a decent wage and raise families who could do
better than them. There were, however, those who were cleverer at ensuring
they could exploit the sense of belongingness - the new members of the
capitalistic club, Irish subcontractors. These people frequently thought
nothing of robbing their own in pursuit of their desire to drive bigger cars
and live in better areas. Ultan Cowley alludes to this in his book which
analyses the lives (and deaths) of those who came to Britain to navvy. I
also remember that he recently drew attention to the fact that the place of
departure for many of the poor souls who worked with the never-ending dream
of 'going home' will be developed with no recognition of this mass movement
of people.

Therefore, I ask myself, is it me that it is at fault? Have I too become
wedded to the 'Irish tea towel' syndrome and want to believe that 'we' (a
term that is hard to define), have something that bonds us together and,
perhaps, makes us somehow better? I suspect that my disappointment in the
greed, corruption and suspicion that modern Ireland has of outsiders, is
nothing new. It has probably always been there (both inside and outside of
Ireland). In that sense, maybe,'being Irish' is one that entails an explicit
recognition that it is a useful device for celebrating the good times
(football, rugby - not swimming!) but that the 'label' will also implies
being associated with achievement at all costs and forgetting the past.

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From: Anthony Mcnicholas
amcnich[at]blueyonder.co.uk
Subject: Re: [IR-D] Being Irish 7

thanks to piaras' very detailed 'quick' response. It made me reflect that
Ireland is as poorly served by its press as Britain is. And by politicians
whose first concern would appear to be to determine how an issue or a policy
will play in the right wing press. Both societies are being wagged by
vicious, overblown tails.
Yours, depressed,
anthony

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From: Patrick O'Sullivan
Subject: Book Announced, McCracken,
FORGOTTEN PROTEST: IRELAND AND THE ANGLO-BOER WAR
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We have received the following Press Release from the Ulster Historical
Foundation.

We hear that this book will be reviewed by Patrick Maume in a forthcoming
issue of IRISH ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL HISTORY. Does anyone know of any other
reviews in the pipeline?

P.O'S.



PRESS RELEASE

FORGOTTEN PROTEST:
IRELAND AND THE ANGLO-BOER WAR

By Donal P. McCracken

Forgotten Protest is the extraordinary saga of how events in South Africa
helped revitalise politics in Ireland in the heady days of Parnell and
especially during the great Anglo-Boer war. 'Pro-Boer fever' swept
nationalist Ireland: riots in central Dublin created a no-go area for
British troops; posters applauding Generals De Wet and Botha were plastered
on walls and lamp-posts; and the flag of the Transvaal Republic flew
defiantly in many Irish villages.

The great intellectuals of the day - Yeats, O'Casey, Moore, Lady Gregory -
as well as socialist James Connolly and socialite Maud Gonne, better known
as Yeat's muse, all espoused the Boer cause. So did Arthur Griffith, the
founder of Sinn Fein, recently returned from working on the Transvaal gold
mines. All were oblivious to the plight of the black population in South
Africa.

On the battlefield the Royal Dublin Fusiliers found themselves pitted
against two hard-fighting Irish commandos. And behind the scenes the Boers
poured thousands of pounds into Irish republican coffers, stirring up the
most violent and most influential of the European pro-Boer movements

Soon dwarfed by the Irish 1916 Easter Rising and the Irish war of
independence, the Irish support for another colonially beleaguered people
was to become a forgotten protest, remembered only in folk ballads and in
fireside stories. Its thrilling tale is resurrected here following the
centenary of this epic struggle.

Donal McCracken is senior professor of History and dean of Humanities at the
University of KwaZulu-Natal.

The book has received sponsorship from the Office of the Irish Taoiseach
(Premier) and is published by the Ulster Historical Foundation, Ireland.

Publishing details:

Title: Forgotten Protest: Ireland and the Anglo-Boer war.

Author: Donal P. McCracken

ISBN 1-903688-18-3

pp. xxi + 206

Publisher:

Ulster Historical Foundation
12 College Square East
Belfast BT1 6DD
Northern Ireland

e-mail: enquiry[at]uhf.org.uk
Fax from SA: 0994-28-9023-9885
Tel. From SA: 0994-28-9033-2288

www.ancestryireland.com

Enquiries:

Fintan Mullan, Executive Director, Ulster Historical Foundation.

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Subject: Article,
The persistence of white ethnicity in New England politics
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For information...

P.O'S.


Political Geography
Article in Press, Corrected Proof -

doi:10.1016/j.polgeo.2004.05.008
Copyright C 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

The persistence of white ethnicity in New England politics

James G. Gimpel, , a and Wendy K. Tam Cho, b

a Department of Government, University of Maryland, 3140 Tydings Hall,
College Park, MD 20742, USA
b Department of Political Science and Department of Statistics, University
of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA

Available online 3 July 2004.


Abstract

There was a consensus among earlier students of New England politics that
the political influence of European ancestry was fading by the latter half
of the 20th century. We examine this proposition in recent times by
exploring the role of ethnic ancestry in explaining the political divide in
the region's presidential voting in over 1500 New England towns. Contrary to
earlier predictions, ethnic origin does retain some explanatory power in
models of recent voting behavior, and ethnic cleavages have not been
entirely replaced by economic divisions in the electorate. Although the
settlement patterns of the more established and numerous nationality groups
(i.e. Irish and Italians) are less associated with partisanship than they
were 50 years ago, the political salience of white ethnicity persists,
suggesting that ethnic groups do not simply dealign or politically
"assimilate" over time. Some groups maintain a strong identity in spite of
upward mobility because movement from city to suburbs is selected not just
on housing, income or school characteristics, as is usually the case, but on
ethnicity too. Towns with significant concentrations of specific European
ancestry groups lean Republican, even after we have accounted for the
presence of other sources of political leaning and past voting tendencies,
while Democratic attachments are undeniably strong in towns where the newer
immigrant groups have settled. The "new ethnicity" (i.e. racial minorities)
and the "old ethnicity" (i.e. white ethnics) clearly carry distinct
political implications for this region's presidential politics.

Author Keywords: Racial politics; Irish Americans; Italian Americans;
Voting; Presidential elections; New England politics

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From: P.Maume[at]Queens-Belfast.AC.UK
Subject: New Book on Trevelyan

From: Patrick Maume

The list may be interested to know that a new book on Charles Edward
Trevelyan (the Famine administrator) has just appeared from Four Courts
Press. [CHARLES TREVELYAN AND THE GREAT IRISH FAMINE by Robin Haines of
Flinders University, Australia.]

This books, which is very large and intensively-researched, could
revolutionise our understanding of the Famine if it is generally upheld. I
have only read bits of it, but here are some of the arguments:

(1)The image of Trevelyan which dominates the literature derives from
Jennifer Hart (the first to use the Trevelyan
Correspondence) skimming the surface, & subsequent writers taking her
quotations (or worse, paraphrases) as comprehensive without going back to
check them in context.

(2) Accounts of Trevelyan's Evangelical providentialism (going back to his
late-Victorian descendants) tend to assume that he held the strict
Evangelicalism of the Clapham Sect. In fact he was a fairly liberal
Evangelical (indeed, his views as described remind me of archbishop Whately
- who I am surprised to see hardly features in the book). He was in fact
quite pro-Catholic by the standards of the time. Haines also points out
that there are different types of providentialism - indeed in a
pre-bacteriological world almost everybody, including attributed misfortunes
to Providence in some shape or other.
Indeed, Trevelyan can be found actually rebuking Fr. Mathew - his regular
correspondent - for excessive fatalism. He is also seen rebuking a
subrodnate who quotes Burke's THOUGHTS ON SCARCITY at him, on the grounds
that 'coute que coute' the people must not be allowed to starve). [I would
point out that other writers, e.g. Hilton, do distinguish between different
types of providentialist.] Haines argues that while Trevelyan may seem
patronising and paternalist by present-day standards, this should not
obscure his conscientious attention to his duties & his belief in the
government's obligation to save lives.

(3) It is the Whig cabinet ministers who make policy, and Trevelyan is
mainly their executor. In this Haines comes
very close to Austin Bourke's article 'Memorial for a dead civil servant',
generally regarded (as I myself would have regarded it before seeing Haines)
as a somewhat naive and eccentric piece resulting from a later civil servant
projecting later standards of civil service behaviour back into the
nineteenth century. The numerous critical references
to Trevelyan from their correspondence, quoted in previous works, are (a)
balanced elsewhere by complimentary references to him (b) partly designed to
shift the blame away from their authors by heaping it on a civil servant.
Haines also argues that the numerous press leaks and articles by Trevelyan,
often seen as his means of pressurising the goverment into approving his
policy, are actually undertaken at the behest of Cabinet Ministers who wish
to produce justifications of their policies without being seen to do it
themselves.

(4) Haines' overall take on the Famine is very close to the official
self-defence produced by the Whigs themselves at the time - that the
government in general did the best that could be done under the
circumstances, that it faced genuine and serious financial constraints (the
crimean war analogy is disputed on the grounds that British public finances
were much stronger in 1854-6), that the central blame lies with the blight
and the land system, that Peel's government would have done no better had it
stayed in office and the alternative relief scheme put forward were simply
landlord relief schemes. [Some of this - certainly the point about Peel's
alignment with Russell - is in Peter Gray.]

There is going to be plenty of debate on this. I can think of a few
points which might be raised:

(1)The view that the government did all it could have done may seem
plausible when looked at from the government's point of view (Haines is
producing an overview of the whole central governmental machine as well as a
study of Trevelyan).
Looked at from the point of view of the recipients of aid, or even those on
the sharp end of administering relief, it may appear more questionable.
(after all, the whole point of the Sen concept of entitlements is about who
has to make the sacrifices when the chips are down.)

(2)To judge from the literature, Continental governments which pursued a
more state interventionist line seem to have been more successful at
reducing mortality than the laissez-faire British & Dutch - though on the
other hand they didn't have to cope with something on the scale of the Great
Famine.

I haven't fully absorbed this yet, but it does seem that the image of
Trevelyan as central blame-figure for official policy will have to be
sharply revised.

Oh, and it seems that although THE FIELDS OF ATHENRY was written by Pete
St. John (who is still alive) in the late 1970s, someone has forged an 1880s
ballad-sheet version with different names and spellings, which is now being
circulated on the Internet as 'proof' of its Famine-era origins. [Oddly
enough, although Haines mentions Mitchel the book does not note his
references to Trevelyan by name in THE LAST CONQUEST.]

Best wishes,
Patrick Maume
----------------------
patrick maume

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From: Patrick O'Sullivan
Subject: The Molly Maguires on dvd 2
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From: DALE LIGHT JR
dbl1[at]psu.edu
Subject: Re: [IR-D] The Molly Maguires on dvd

Dear Patrick,

It has been quite a while since I saw Martin Ritt's film, the "Mollie
Maguires", but I can answer a few of the questions posed below. The
screenplay was by no means well researched. It was simply based on a book by
Arthur H. Lewis titled "Lament for the Mollie Maguires." Lewis supplemented
newspaper accounts and trial testimony with oral traditions handed down over
the course of a century to some of the descendants of participants in the
troubles. Naturally these are somewhat suspect. Much of it is gossip. He
does, however, do a good job of sketching the personalities of the major
participants. The producer/director, Martin Ritt, and the screenwriter,
Martin Bernstein, were both hard left ideologues who had little interest in
research. To them the spine of the story was simple -- capitalist
exploitation of proletarian victims. They most likely would not have
benefited from the kind of nuanced account provided by Kenny -- that would
have muddied the story line. The screenplay and direction are
undistinguished, but the performances, especially by Harris, Finlay and
Connery, are superb. Most notable is the cinematography by James Wong
"Jimmie"
Howe, one of the great masters of the craft. Most of the film was shot in
and around the Eckley Miners' Village near Hazelton in Carbon County, PA. A
friend of mine from Hazelton remembers an interview Howe gave in which he
stated that before he came to the coal country he had never realized that
there were so many shades of grey. My friend said that the locals thought he
was complimenting them.

Best,

Dale Light


On Tue, 06 Jul 2004 09:40:21 +0100, "Patrick O'Sullivan" wrote:

> Email Patrick O'Sullivan
>
> I think it worth mentioning that the 1970 Martin Ritt movie, The Molly
> Maguires, has been released on DVD, on Region 1 and now here on Region 2.
> Region 4, Australia, will be out soon.
>
> The movie always seemed to me well researched, but I have not seen a
> study of Screenwriter Walter Bernstein's sources. Does any one know
> more? Of course he was not able to draw on Making Sense of the Molly
> Maguires by Kevin Kenny.
>
> The movie has been described as grim and humourless - and it is a bit
dour.
> But it is an Irish Diaspora movie. And we do see 3 fine actors at the
> height of their powers, Richard Harris, Sean Connery, Frank Finlay.
> Richard Harris as 'McParlan' is especially good - catching the man's
> charm. Harris switches on charm like a weapon. Frank Finlay brings
> an austere Welsh policeman to the ethnic mix - and I suppose in these
> troubled times we can learn to see the policeman as the hero...
>
> The Molly Maguires are now very visible on the web - some examples
below...
>
> http://www.columbiapa.org/county/historical/molly_maguires.html
> Coal Mining, Mine Fires, & The Molly Maguires
>
> http://search.looksmart.com/p/browse/us1/us317829/us317861/us153268/us
> 998071
> /us10035226/
>
> P.O'S.

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Email Patrick O'Sullivan

For information...

Much to interest Irish Diaspora Studies in this big IASIL Conference...

Evidently quite a few people are travelling on to Galway from the Liverpool
Conference.

P.O'S.



Forwarded on behalf of...
The IASIL 2004 Conference Organising Committee

IASIL 2004 - IASIL in Ireland

20-23 July 2004

Draft IASIL 2004 Timetable can be seen on

http://www.iasil.org/galway/timetable.html

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Email Patrick O'Sullivan

Joint Conference of The American Conference for Irish Studies, The British
Association of Irish Studies and the European Federation of Associations and
Centres of Irish Studies...

The Irish Diaspora list has been allocated a room near the Eleanor Rathbone
theatre for our Open House meeting...

WEDNESDAY, JULY 14
1:30-3:00
Open House: The Irish-Diaspora list

This is our proposed running order...

Patrick O'Sullivan, IDRU, University of Bradford
'The life and times of the Irish-Diaspora list: November 1997 to the
present day'.

Stephen Sobol, University of Leeds
'Web design and web users - underneath the skin of www.irishdiaspora.net'

James Walsh, University of Colorado at Denver
'Designing and teaching a course called "The Irish in America,"'

William Mulligan Jr., Murray State, Kentucky
'Teaching the Irish Diaspora'.

Any of these presentations can lead to a general discussion. And
cumulatively there is a lot about what we do, and can do.

I stress that this is an 'Open House' - all are welcome. IR-D members can
bring along interested friends and colleagues.

Patrick O'Sullivan


--
Patrick O'Sullivan
Head of the Irish Diaspora Research Unit

Email Patrick O'Sullivan
Email Patrick O'Sullivan
Personal Fax 0044 (0) 709 236 9050

Irish Diaspora Studies http://www.brad.ac.uk/acad/diaspora/
Irish Diaspora Net
http://www.irishdiaspora.net

Irish Diaspora Research Unit
Department of Social Sciences and Humanities
University of Bradford
Bradford BD7 1DP
Yorkshire
England

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From: Patrick O'Sullivan
Subject: Article,
Continuity and change in contemporary Ulster Protestantism
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For information...

This is the published version of a paper John D. Brewer gave at the
Re-Imagining Ireland Conference, U of Virginia, 2003...

P.O'S.


Continuity and change in contemporary Ulster Protestantism

The Sociological Review May 2004, vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 265-283(19)

Brewer J.D.[1]

[1] Queen's University of Belfast

Abstract:

This paper explores current trends in religious practice, observance and
belief in Ulster Protestantism for elements of continuity and change. Using
historical and survey data it is clear that there are strong elements of
both. However, Protestant religiosity is not changing to the point that it
constitutes secularisation, as sociologists of religion understand it. Nor
are new trends in religiosity weakening ethno-national identities in
Northern Ireland. This is because political identities are socially
reproduced in ways that are independent of their religious roots and are
thus unaffected by patterns of religiosity. Likely changes in Protestant
religiosity in the future therefore offer no immediate panacea for altering
the dynamics of Northern Irish politics.

Document Type: Research article ISSN: 0038-0261

DOI (article): 10.1111/j.1467-954X.2004.00468.x
SICI (online): 0038-0261(20040501)52:2L.265;1-

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From: Patrick O'Sullivan
Subject: Article, The nation, the state,
and the neighbors: personation in Irish-language discourse
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For information...

This is a fascinating piece of work, wide-ranging, in terms of the texts =
it
looks at, but often deep, in exploring the language use of such texts. =
Its
starting point is what Steve Coleman calls 'personation' - 'utterance =
(or
other communicative action such as dance and musical style) explicitly =
or
implicitly voiced as that of another.' Basically, doing the police in
different voices...

Coleman first offers a very useful survey of the various polemics around =
the
Irish language - chiming with recent IR-D discussion. He develops this
concept of 'personation' - thus giving a context to the observation that
Peadar Ua Laoghaire's Seadna, 'the first modern Irish-language novel and
"the first major prose work of the [Irish] revival"' is written entirely =
in
direct speech. He moves on to study individual writers and texts - =
notably
M=E1irt=EDn =D3 Cadhain's (1949) novel, Crena Cille (The Graveyard =
Clay).

What I particularly like about this article is its intermiobgling of the
political, the literary and the linguistic - in ways that enhance our
understanding of all three...=20

P.O'S.

=09
Language & Communication
Article in Press, Corrected Proof - Note to users

doi:10.1016/j.langcom.2004.03.001 =20
Copyright =A9 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The nation, the state, and the neighbors: personation in Irish-language
discourse

Steve Coleman,

Department of Anthropology/NIRSA, National University of Ireland =
Maynooth,
Co. Kildare, Ireland, and Humanities Institute of Ireland, University
College, Dublin, Ireland

Available online 10 May 2004.

Abstract

Irish-language discourse features a pervasive system of practices =
involving
the production and dissemination of directly reported speech. These
homologous practices, here termed personation, include brief imitations =
of
others in conversational speech, the use of direct voice in several =
poetic
genres, the Irish-language song tradition, and a few influential novels.
Personation is motivated by a semiotic ideology (personalism) which
naturalizes speech and other expressive behavior as an immediate aspect =
of a
person's social being. It is argued that personation, as a semiotic
practice, motivates Irish-speakers' resistance to various attempts, =
centered
in discourses of the nation and the state, to refigure the Irish =
language as
the "voice" of a generalized and purified national past or as a =
semiotically
transparent medium for the state.

Article Outline

1. Introduction
2. Contemporary situation of Irish
3. The nation, the state, and the neighbors
4. Demography, regimentation, and neurosis
5. Speaking for and from "the nation": a discourse of linguistic purity
6. Personation
7. Witticisms and personation
8. Personation in verbal art
9. Lyric song as reported speech
10. Personation in other poetic genres
11. First-person discourse in literary novels
12. =91The art of living'
13. Conclusion: metapragmatic function of personation and semiotic
ideologies
Acknowledgements
References

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From: Murray, Edmundo
Edmundo.Murray[at]wto.org
Subject: RE: [IR-D] Irish Diaspora list Open House at Liverpool Conference

Dear Paddy,

Unfortunately, at that time I will be flying back to Geneva due to urgent
work reasons. However, I would like to say hello to you and other IR-D
members, and invite them all to our Panel on "The Irish in South America"
(Tuesday 13th July 9.00-10.30 Session C). Panelists include David Barnwell,
Oliver Marshall, Pat McKenna, Laura Izarra and myself.
See you in Liverpool... Edmundo

Edmundo Murray
The Irish Argentine Historical Society
edmundo.murray[at]irishargentine.org
Maison Rouge
1261 Burtigny Switzerland
+41 22 739 5049
www.irishargentine.org

-----Original Message-----
Subject: [IR-D] Irish Diaspora list Open House at Liverpool Conference

Email Patrick O'Sullivan

Joint Conference of The American Conference for Irish Studies, The
British Association of Irish Studies and the European Federation of
Associations and Centres of Irish Studies...

The Irish Diaspora list has been allocated a room near the Eleanor
Rathbone theatre for our Open House meeting...

WEDNESDAY, JULY 14
1:30-3:00
Open House: The Irish-Diaspora list

This is our proposed running order...

Patrick O'Sullivan, IDRU, University of Bradford
'The life and times of the Irish-Diaspora list: November 1997 to the
present day'.

Stephen Sobol, University of Leeds
'Web design and web users - underneath the skin of
www.irishdiaspora.net'

James Walsh, University of Colorado at Denver
'Designing and teaching a course called "The Irish in America,"'

William Mulligan Jr., Murray State, Kentucky
'Teaching the Irish Diaspora'.

Any of these presentations can lead to a general discussion. And
cumulatively there is a lot about what we do, and can do.

I stress that this is an 'Open House' - all are welcome. IR-D members
can bring along interested friends and colleagues.

Patrick O'Sullivan


--
Patrick O'Sullivan
Head of the Irish Diaspora Research Unit

Email Patrick O'Sullivan
Email Patrick O'Sullivan
Personal Fax 0044 (0) 709 236 9050

Irish Diaspora Studies http://www.brad.ac.uk/acad/diaspora/
Irish Diaspora Net
http://www.irishdiaspora.net

Irish Diaspora Research Unit
Department of Social Sciences and Humanities
University of Bradford
Bradford BD7 1DP
Yorkshire
England

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Subject: Irish Community Census Campaign
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From: Grainne OKEEFFE
Subject: Irish Community Census Campaign

Dear IR-D Members,
1) I would like to find somebody who can help me get information about the
Irish Community Census Campaign in Britain.
2) Also, I have just completed 14 interviews in a selection of local
authorities in London as part of my PhD research (I am trying to ascertain
the effects of the recent inclusion of the Irish under the 'Ethnic Minority'
category in the 2001 census, looking at monitoring and policy initatives for
the Irish ..etc) and I would now like to make some comparisons with the USA
and Australia.
Could anyone recommend books or articles which would give me information
concerning the 'management' of ethnic minorities at a local level. Is the
system in either country radically different than in Britain? Is monitoring
done at a local level? Would an Irish category be included? ..etc.
If anyone can help, I'd appreciate it.
Thanking you in advance,
Grainne


Grainne O'Keeffe
3 impasse Ronsard
76600
Le Havre
France
(00 33) 2 35 25 16 59
grainneok[at]wanadoo.fr

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From: Alison Younger
alison_younger[at]yahoo.co.uk


Patrick,
I thought the following [sent to me from a friend from Liverpool] might be
of interest to some of the delegates visiting Liverpool next week...

Head of Steam Lime Street. (Can't get in via the station nowadays) OK -
good for real ale. Large selection of real ales and continental lagers
Bottled and draught. Safe. Sometimes a bit boring but clean and well-looked
after.

The Dispensary - Renshaw Street. Again good for real ales. Can get busy and
good atmosphere when this happens. No background music that I can recall. OK
for the group you described.

Doctor Duncan's. Run by the same people as the Dispensary. Can't remember
the street name. At the back of the long bus stop opposite the Royal Court
Theatre.Might be what they want but I think it's a bit dull.Interesting
decor.

O'Neill's. Hanover Street. Just like the chain pubs but big. Closes late
except Sunday. Occasionally has bands on. Staff are actually Irish unlike
the Newcastle one and is bigger.

Mathew Street pubs - White Star - real ale pub. Juke box but not loud. The
Grapes. Small and cosy. Not a great selection but friendly.The Beatles drank
there.

John Lennon Bar. Was 'fired' mysteriously recently. Insurance job? Rival
gangland? who knows. For the tourists really.Ages since I've been in so
can't comment Flanagan's Apple. 3 floors on a busy night all packed.
Ersatz Irish theme pub but a great laugh nevertheless. Usually a band on
whatever the night of the week. Rubber Soul two into one. Busy when I've
been. Don't know about Sunday.Might be a bit 'young' for the people you
described. The Cavern 'nuff said!

Philharmonic pub corner of Hope Street and Hardman Street. Amazing carved
wooden walls/artefacts/ceilings. Gents' toilet is all marble and is worth a
peek. Don't worry - they're used to it.

Ye Cracke Rice street. (Turn right - not Hardman St - off Hope St after
coming out of the Phil.) Scruffy and a bit studenty these days but does
Real Ale. John Lennon drank in this pub during his Art School days.(The War
Office 'snug' is in this pub. The Western Approaches (North Atlantic)
Admirals during the war drank there)

Avoid half-way up Wood St and Seel St. Series of late neon/chrome bars.
Some are OK but I don't think your crowd would appreciate them. McSorley's
might still be there. Irish theme pub - big and spacious.

Places to visit - Merseyside Maritime Museum. Well worth it! Has an exhibit
about emigration to the USA: the amount of people from all over the world
who went there via Liverpool (inc Al Jolson!) and the ones who stayed.By the
Pier Head which is where you can get the famous Mersey Ferry.

William Brown Street. To the right of St George's Hall as you look at it
from the Head of Steam. Walker Art Gallery, museum worth it if you have
time. Libraries the biggest outside London. (Interesting fact to impress
your Yanks - St George's Hall was built the wrong way round! It's true.
Feckin Irish labour!)

Western Approaches - make enquiries as I've never been myself. Where the
North Atlantic battle was co-ordinated.There is a pub in the Croxteth
district of Liverpool called the Western Approaches. Do NOT go there for any
reason!

Edge Hill tunnels again I don't know too much but I think they've opened
these up to the public. In the early 1800's a rich philanthropist employed
men to dig tunnels under Liverpool. No reason for them - just to keep the
men occupied.

I'll email more pubs when I've got the time Alison. If you're ever stuck
with directions, where to go from wherever you are just ring me on the
mobile 07866 384 022

The Albert Dock is worth a visit. Short taxi ride from the town. You could
walk it but 4 or 5 in a taxi is well worth it. There are a few bars and
coffee shops and 'nice' shops. There's also the weather map that was used on
the Good Morning show (you know, Fred the weatherman used to jump on it).
The place is worth a visit just to walk around and have a 'gozz'.The Tate
Gallery is located at the Albert Dock, for the culture vultures.

Theatres - Everyman end of Hope Street. Come out of the Philharmonic pub
on Hope St and turn left. At the bottom - can't miss it. There's also the
Everyman Bistro downstairs where you can get a bevvy and the food is pretty
good. Liverpool Playhouse on Williamson Square. If you are on Church
Street walk down one of the side streets and you'll come out in Williamson
Square.

Cathedrals - 2 of them (to prove that Liverpool is a schizoid city). The
Catholic one is the modern building (affectionately referred to as Paddy's
Wigwam. You'll know what I mean when you see it) designed by a Protestant.
The Anglican one is the massive Gothic building - designed by a Catholic.
The street separating them is .... Hope Street! The crypt underneath the
Catholic one is used as a shelter for the tramps at night.

Restaurants - scattered here and there. No great number of Indian ones -
Renshaw Street your best bet. Chinese - China Town in Nelson Street is small
but Liverpool has the oldest Chinese community in Europe. Radio Merseyside
has a spot in Cantonese. The Nook (pub in Chinatown) used to call time in
Cantonese.China Town can be found by walking up Bold Street, turn right up
Berry Street until you come to a classical building known as the Blackie
(it's been cleaned up now which is confusing!) and turn right. I've eaten
as late as 3.30 a.m. in China Town. Well past most Geordies' bed time don't
you think?There's an expensive Chinese in Victoria Street where apparently
the food is good but you need a Swiss bank account. It's been a while since
I ate out in Liverpool but there are a few Italians. Casa Italia should
still be there - Stanley Street (off Victoria Street). Nice
atmosphere.There's a Russian restaurant in Duke Street called St Petersburg.
All the chippies use vegetable oil by the way!

If anyone wants to visit the Holy Ground, get the 17c bus and ask to be put
off at the Spion Kop. Anfield, the one true Mecca. Anyone wanting Goodison
Park where Everton 'play' can find the information for themselves!!!

There are a number of Beatle Tours and a Beatle Shop in Mathew Street should
put you right on that score. Apparently you can go to Paul McCartney's old
house and at least you get to see parts of Liverpool other than the
town.Penny Lane!!! It's just a street (and a bus terminus) but everyone
wants to go there because of the song.The tour goes to them all including
Strawberry Fields and John Lennon's old house. That's when you realise that
Lennon lived in a middle-class, leafy suburb. I don't know if it goes to the
Dingle where Ringo Starr is from, but what a difference. Rough, 2 up 2 down
back to back area in inner-city Liverpool.

Hope this is of use/interest Alison