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From: Oliver Marshall
Subject: the US and non-Protestant immigrants
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I have what may well be a rather basic question concerning US immigration policy during the first half of the 19th century: were there laws or specific practices aimed at limiting the number of non-Protestant immigrants?

Many thanks!

Oliver Marshall

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From: Patrick O'Sullivan
Subject: Article, The fertility of the Irish in the United States in 1910
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P.O'S.

=20
Explorations in Economic History

Article in Press, Corrected Proof - Note to users
=09
Copyright =A9 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The fertility of the Irish in the United States in 1910

Timothy W. Guinnane, Carolyn M. Moehling,=20
and Cormac =D3 Gr=E1da

aYale University, USA
bUniversity College, Dublin, Ireland

Received 1 September 2004. Available online 3 June 2005.

Abstract

The relatively high marital fertility of the Irish in the United States =
in
the 19th century has long been interpreted as evidence for the =
persistence
of a distinctive Irish culture in the United States. This claim echoes a
similar view of Irish-American marriage patterns. Recent work has shown =
that
the marriage patterns of the Irish in the United States were similar to
native-born whites with similar occupational and other characteristics. =
This
paper studies the reasons for the high fertility of Irish-Americans in =
1910.
Irish-born women in that year had much larger families than the typical
native-born woman, and little of the difference can be attributed to =
other
characteristics. Second-generation Irishwomen were less distinctive in =
this
regard, although even they differed from the natives primarily because =
of a
different proclivity to have a large family. Our results signal the
complexity of immigrant adjustment to a new environment; the Irish =
largely
abandoned one aspect of Irish demographic behavior while clinging to
another.

JEL classifications: J13; N3
Keywords: United States; Fertility; Immigration=20


Conclusions

Our findings reinforce the notion that cultural factors are an important
influence on fertility and are slow to change. Irish immigrants to the
United States did not simply adapt the fertility patterns of the =
native-born
white population. Their fertility remained much higher. The gap cannot =
be
explained by differences in other observable characteristics. =
Conditional on
such characteristics, Irish immigrants had larger families. Even the
behavior of the second generation reflects some cultural persistence. =
Even
though the gap was much smaller, the second generation also had larger
families than the native-born even after conditioning on observable
characteristics.

This was not a general immigrant pattern. While the fertility of
first-generation German immigrants was also higher than that of =
native-born
whites, much more of the gap between the two could be explained by
differences in the distributions of other population characteristics =
than in
the case of the Irish and the native-born. Moreover, the second =
generation
of German immigrants had fertility outcomes very similar to those of the
native-born population. There appears, therefore, to have been an =
=93Irish=94
component to the fertility patterns of the Irish in America.

Before 1914 Ireland was one of the main suppliers of immigrants to the
United States. Moreover, its alleged demographic uniqueness has long =
figured
in discussions of western European demographic history. The combination
would make the Irish experience worth study, even if it held no larger
lessons. But our findings signal the subtlety of assimilation to United
States conditions and offer a more general lesson to students of =
migration.
Historians have long known that the Irish adapted very quickly to some
features of American life, without remarking on the apparent paradox of
their clinging to demographic behavior more typical of the old country. =
Our
results here push this lesson one step further: Irish immigrants adopted
American marriage patterns while holding on to Irish marital fertility
behavior. The differences might reflect subtle forces in the =
microeconomics
of labor markets, education, and other factors that led the Irish in
different directions on marriage and fertility. Or it may signal that
notions of how many children one should have, or whether one should =
limit
fertility at all, are more deeply buried in an identity and cultural =
ethos
that would survive the ocean voyage. In either case, the Irish =
experience in
the United States shows that even the demographic adjustment of a single
population to a new environment can take several almost contradictory =
forms.

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From: Patrick O'Sullivan
Subject: Article,
Retention of Irish skills: A longitudinal study of a
school-acquired second language
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Retention of Irish skills: A longitudinal study of a school-acquired second
language

Authors: Murtagh Lelia; Van Der Slik Frans

Source: International Journal of Bilingualism, March 2005, vol. 8, no. 3,
pp. 279-302(24)

Publisher: Kingston Press Ltd

Abstract:
This paper describes a study of retention of school-acquired Irish among
school leavers. The initial group selected represented final year secondary
school students from three different instructional categories: ordinary
level Irish, advanced level Irish and immersion school students.
Participants were interviewed and their language skills assessed as they
completed their study of Irish and again 18 months after they had left
secondary school. Proficiency was measured in terms of scores on a
communicative test of spoken Irish and a C-test in Irish. Background
information collected included participants' self-assessed ability in spoken
Irish, attitude/motivation in relation to learning Irish and their
out-of-school use of Irish.

Test results did not indicate any attrition of Irish language skills over
time, despite participants' general feelings of loss. This outcome matches
findings from similar studies of second language attrition elsewhere, for
example, Weltens, 1989. The results also indicated a general decline in
opportunity to use Irish among participants from all three instructional
backgrounds. The eximmersion school participants, however, were the most
likely to continue speaking the language. A small but significant gain on
one particular Irish speaking subtest which was noted in this eximmersion
group may be attributed, in part at least, to these participants' greater
access to Irish language-speaking networks.

Keywords: IRISH SKILLS; LONGITUDINAL; RETENTION

Language: Unknown

Document Type: Research article

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From: Patrick O'Sullivan
Subject: Article,
Material Identities: Fixing Ethnicity in the Irish Borderlands
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Material Identities: Fixing Ethnicity in the Irish Borderlands

Author: Donnan, Hastings 1

Source: Identities: Global Studies in Power and Culture, January-March 2005,
vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 69-105(37)

Publisher: Taylor and Francis Ltd

Abstract:
This article explores the problem of fixing ethnicity in a politically
violent national context, among a population generally overlooked in the
anthropological literature, Northern Ireland's border Protestants. Focusing
on narratives of violence and intimidation, it shows how Protestants
articulate their identity through a reading of the Irish border landscape
that stresses the atrocities carried out there over the last thirty years or
so. Place is central to their atrocity narratives and knowledge of the
violence associated with specific sites-a particular field, farm building,
or country lane-both constitutes and reflects their sense of themselves in
the escalating cultural war precipitated by wider political transformation
in Northern Ireland since the late 1990s. The emphasis on the materiality of
landscape and place, this article argues, is crucial both to the credibility
of Protestant claims for social justice, as well as a central element in the
passage from personal to public memory.

Keywords: violence; identity; borders; landscape; Northern Ireland

Language: Unknown

Document Type: Research article

DOI: 10.1080/10702890590914320

Affiliations: 1: School of Anthropological Studies, Queen's University
Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom

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Subject: Article, the Resacralization of Selja and the Cult of St. Sunniva
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Locality and Myth: the Resacralization of Selja and the Cult of St. Sunniva

Author: Mikaelsson, Lisbeth

Source: Numen, 2005, vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 191-225(35)

Publisher: Brill Academic Publishers

Abstract:
The article demonstrates the merging of contemporary processes of
resacralization, retraditionalization, and local identity construction
embodied in one particular example, the island of Selja on the west coast of
Norway. In Roman-Catholic times, Selja was a major pilgrimage site, famous
for its legend of St. Sunniva, an Irish princess who fled from her country
and took refuge on the island where she suffered a martyr death. The
national conversion to Lutheranism in the 16th century put an end to the
official Sunniva cult. In our time, however, the legend has been revived and
is celebrated for various purposes by the local Lutheran state church, the
tourist business, and individuals who are attracted to the symbolic complex
of Selja-Sunniva for spiritual reasons. The article argues that the revival
of the legend converts the old site with its ruins and landscape features
into a narrative space, re-establishing a sanctuary with a variety of
symbolic references. Selja meets the requirements of modern seekers and
pilgrims, while its history and myth are excellently fitted to serve local
identity construction.

Language: Unknown

Document Type: Research article

DOI: 10.1163/1568527054024759

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From: Patrick O'Sullivan
Subject: Article,
Walter Scott on the politics of radical reform in Ireland and
Scotland
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Back to the future: Walter Scott on the politics of radical reform in
Ireland and Scotland

Author: Kipp, Julie

Source: European Romantic Review, April 2005, vol. 16, no. 2, pp.
231-242(12)

Publisher: Routledge, part of the Taylor & Francis Group

Abstract:
During the months after Peterloo, in the midst of widespread political
agitation and fears concerning a populist rising in the west of Scotland,
Walter Scott seems to have been experiencing a bout of historical deja vu.
Reflecting on both the ill-fated "Friends of Reform" movement in Scotland in
1793 and 1794 (in which the United Irishmen played a key role) and the Irish
Rebellion of 1798, Scott saw history repeating itself, as cracks began to
appear in the foundation of the stadial progress model that explicitly
informed his attempts to give voice to the past elsewhere. The classical
liberal position Scott held was of course but another version of the same
story told by the radicals: in either case we get a narrative of historical
advancement, a cosmopolitan vision whereby interpersonal relationships might
increasingly reflect the "natural" human disposition for harmony and
sympathetic interconnectedness. The means to attain this goal differed
dramatically for Scott and the radical reformers in Scotland and Ireland of
course. But in either case, in the interest of achieving greater unity in a
time which is ever and always "yet to be," Scott, like his radical
opposition, justifies war and other forms of violence as legitimate means
for achieving peace.

Language: Unknown

Document Type: Research article

From: Bill Mulligan
Subject: Re: the US and non-Protestant immigrants
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No, there were few, if any, federal laws on immigration in the first half of
the nineteenth century. I am not aware of there ever being religious
restriction on immigration to the US.

Bill Mulligan


Quoting Oliver Marshall :

> I have what may well be a rather basic question concerning US immigration
> policy during the first half of the 19th century: were there laws or specific
> practices aimed at limiting the number of non-Protestant immigrants?
>
> Many thanks!
>
> Oliver Marshall
>

Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: Alison Younger
Subject: FINAL CALL FOR PAPERS
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JUST TO REMIND COLLEAGUES ON WORKING ON THE DIASPORA...
=20
CALL FOR PAPERS
=20
The University of Sunderland=20
Third Annual Irish Studies Conference
(incorporating the inaugural North East of England Celtic Studies Symposi=
um)
=20
11-13 November 2005
=20
The Word, The Icon and The Ritual [ii] - Lands of Saints and Scholars=20
Following the success of its last two international conferences: Represen=
ting-Ireland: Past, Present and Future, [2003] and The Word, The Icon and=
The Ritual, [2004] the University of Sunderland is soliciting papers for=
an interdisciplinary conference, which will run from 11-13 November 2005=
. This year we are also delighted to welcome proposals from scholars work=
ing within the broad field of Celtic Studies.
The conference organisers hope to represent a wide range of approaches to=
Irish and Celtic culture from academics and non--academics alike. Perfor=
mances, roundtables, collaborative projects, and other non--traditional p=
resentations are encouraged in addition to conference papers. As with la=
st year=92s conference, we welcome submissions for panels and papers unde=
r the thematic headings of: The Word, The Icon, The Ritual in the followi=
ng areas: Literature, Performing Arts, History, Politics, Folklore and My=
thology, Ireland (other Celtic countries/regions) in Theory, Anthropology=
, Sociology, Art and Art History, Music, Dance, Media and Film Studies, C=
ultural Studies, and Studies of the Diaspora. North American and other in=
ternational scholars, practitioners in the arts, and postgraduate student=
s are all encouraged to submit proposals to the conference organisers. W=
e also welcome proposals for papers in absentia for delegates who wish to=
participate but may find it difficult to attend the
event.
The last two conferences have resulted in the publication of a selection =
of essays, and we hope to continue this with essays from this year=92s co=
nference.
Readings
Ciaran Carson
Bernard O=92Donoghue
Catherine Byron
Plenary Speakers Include:
Professor Robert Welch =96 University of Ulster
Professor Michael O=92Neill =96 University of Durham
Professor Werner Huber, University of Chemnitz, Germany
Dr Kevin Barry, UEI Galway

Organisers:
English/Literary Studies: Dr Alison O=92Malley-Younger, (Sunderland),=20
Professor Stephen Regan, (Durham)
Media and Cultural Studies: Professor John Storey (Sunderland)
History/Diaspora/Celtic Studies: Dr Richard Allen,(Sunderland)
Proposals of not more than 500 words should be sent by 28th June 2005 at =
the latest to either:
alison.younger[at]sunderland.ac.uk=20
john.storey[at]sunderland.ac.uk=20
r.allen[at]unn.ac.uk
stephen.regan[at]durham.ac.uk=20
And copied to the Conference Adminstrator
Susan Cottam =96 susan.cottam[at]sunderland.ac.uk=20

=20


Slan agus beannacht
=20
Alison O'Malley-Younger [Dr]
Department of English
University of Sunderland
=20



=09
---------------------------------
How much free photo storage do you get? Store your holiday snaps for FREE=
with Yahoo! Photos. Get Yahoo! Photos

Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: "G. Peatling"
Subject: Re: the US and non-Protestant immigrants
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The National Origins Quota Act of 1924 restricted immigration according to quotas allocated by place of origin not religion, so Professor Mulligan is right that there was no specifically religious restriction of immigration. A strong case though I think could be made out as Padraic Finn suggests for arguing that religion was an aspect of the growing "nativist" hostility to "new" immigrants which led to such steps being taken to restrict immigration. Eric Foner, _Free soil, free labor, free men: the ideology of the Republican Party before the Civil War_ (1995, new ed.), suggests that hostility to immigration in US history has extended links to dimensions of Protestantism. Also I feel sure it has been pointed out somewhere previously that the 1924 Act gave a relatively generous quota to immigrants from the United Kingdom, including Northern Ireland after partition in 1920-1, which was predominantly Protestant, and a relatively restrictive quota on immigration from the Irish!
Free
State, which was predominantly Catholic.

However, religion was only one aspect behind the pressure for this restrictive legislation, and arguably not the most significant. Antipathy to immigrants was often racial in nature (the most restrictive - indeed prohibitive - quotas were placed on Asian countries of origin), as well as political, immigrants especially from southern and eastern Europe being associated with political radicalism, about which there was a McCarthyesque hysteria in the US in the aftermath of the Bolshevik revolution and the Great War. Also of course there were the economic fears - reasonable or unreasonable - that immigration usually arouses. How little changes.

G.K. Peatling

"padraic.finn" wrote:
May be the case for the 19th C but not for the 20th C.

Steve Garner, in Racism in the Irish Experience [Pluto Press 2004] mentions
the impact of the threat of "backward" Southern and Eastern Europeans (let
alone Blacks and Hispanics) in shaping the 1924 US Immigration Act.

It would be interesting to know if that had a religious aspect.

Padraic Finn

----- Original Message -----
From: "Bill Mulligan"
To:
Sent: Monday, June 13, 2005 4:43 PM
Subject: Re: [IR-D] the US and non-Protestant immigrants


> No, there were few, if any, federal laws on immigration in the first half
> of
> the nineteenth century. I am not aware of there ever being religious
> restriction on immigration to the US.
>
> Bill Mulligan
>
>
> Quoting Oliver Marshall :
>
>> I have what may well be a rather basic question concerning US immigration
>> policy during the first half of the 19th century: were there laws or
>> specific
>> practices aimed at limiting the number of non-Protestant immigrants?
>>
>> Many thanks!
>>
>> Oliver Marshall
>>
>



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From: "padraic.finn"
Subject: Re: the US and non-Protestant immigrants
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May be the case for the 19th C but not for the 20th C.

Steve Garner, in Racism in the Irish Experience [Pluto Press 2004] mentions
the impact of the threat of "backward" Southern and Eastern Europeans (let
alone Blacks and Hispanics) in shaping the 1924 US Immigration Act.

It would be interesting to know if that had a religious aspect.

Padraic Finn

----- Original Message -----
From: "Bill Mulligan"
To:
Sent: Monday, June 13, 2005 4:43 PM
Subject: Re: [IR-D] the US and non-Protestant immigrants


> No, there were few, if any, federal laws on immigration in the first half
> of
> the nineteenth century. I am not aware of there ever being religious
> restriction on immigration to the US.
>
> Bill Mulligan
>
>
> Quoting Oliver Marshall :
>
>> I have what may well be a rather basic question concerning US immigration
>> policy during the first half of the 19th century: were there laws or
>> specific
>> practices aimed at limiting the number of non-Protestant immigrants?
>>
>> Many thanks!
>>
>> Oliver Marshall
>>
>

From: Bill Mulligan
Subject: Re: the US and non-Protestant immigrants
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The main concern in immigration policy changes in the US in the 1920s
was "race" as understood at the time. One of the strongest influences was a
book by Madison Grant - The Passing of the Graet Race- which argued, in short
form, that the northern European character of the US was being diluted and
faces extermination because of the flood of eastern and southern Europeans who
had entered the country since the 1880s. As I recall it there was no mention of
religion and the targetted groups included Jews and various Orthodox Christians
as well as Catholics. Among the beneficiaries of the quota system were Irish
Catholics since the quotas were based on the proportion of various
nationalities -- not religions - at a time when Irish-born were a larger
proportion of the US population than they were in 1920.

It is necessary to distinguish between anti-Catholicism among native-born
Americans and the policy of the US governemnt.


Bill Mulligan

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From: Aaron Thornburg
Subject: Re: the US and non-Protestant immigrants
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Something else that might be considered that I don't
think has been raised is the Chinese Exclusion Act of
1882. While I don't think the act directly mentions
religion, I believe that some of the debate
surrounding the act made reference to the
non-Chrisitian Chinese.

Aaron Thornburg
Duke University



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The responses to Oliver Marshall's original question have been basically
correct. US immigration laws have had no overtly religious component. (In
the colonial period, however, certain colonies attempted to restrict the
settlement of Catholics). US laws, however, have had differential impacts
on different religious groups.

"Heathenism" was among those faults listed by foes of Chinese immigration,
but religion did not define those excluded. Some Chinese, including
merchants and students, were not excluded, and Christians received no
special exemption from the law. Likewise, when the Gentlemen's Agreement
excluded Japanese and Korean laborers, the measure primarily affected
non-Christians, but religion was not mentioned in it.

Comments on the package of restrictions passed in the 1920s have had two
misleading statements. Non-European Hispanics were not targeted by those
laws. Migration from independent nations in the Western Hemisphere remained
exempt from numerical limits. Like all immigrants, Mexicans and others were
subject to physical examinations and the literacy test, and had to
demonstrate the ability to support themselves, but they were not under
quotas. Given the nature of the US Southern border, evading even those
ordinary controls was possible.

The US law went into effect in three steps. In 1921, the US limited annual
the immigration from each foreign-nation to 3 percent of the total number of
foreign-born persons of that nationality resident in the country at the 1910
census (the most recent count for which the data had been processed). In
1924, the US switched the percentage to 2 and the census to 1890. That
reduced the total number of immigrants, and favored nations in northern and
western Europe. That particular measure was to stay in effect only until
1927, but it actually remained in effect until 1929. In 1929, the US put
into operation a target immigration of 150,000 persons annually with each
nation able to send a quota based on its share of the whole US population as
of the 1920 census.

Defining the ethnic background of the whole US population in 1920 was quite
an endeavor. The authorities omitted certain groups, including descendants
of slave immigrants and the aboriginal population. It engaged scholars to
do a study of the backgrounds of the population in the first federal census
(1790), and it made projections based on that count and on subsequent
immigration. The study, which had to be based on an analysis or surnames
combined with historical knowledge, was imperfect, but it was, in my
opinion, a remarkably good set of estimates for the time. The famous
immigration historian Marcus Lee Hansen contributed to it. In the 1980s,
several scholars attempted to rework the estimates for 1790, usually with
the effect of raising the share of Irish (including southern Irish) at the
expense of the English.

Residents of the Irish Free State profited when the base year changed from
1910 to 1890. They, however, lost substantially when the base year went
from 1890 to 1920 and the base population from the foreign-born to the whole
population. You might read religious bias into that, but the quotas also
fell for Germany and the Scandinavian nations, which weakens such a
hypothesis.

Note also that the spouses and the minor, unmarried children of American
citizens could enter without limits. For some years, however, rules
affected male and females spouses differently, and marriage could not
overturn the racial barrier to entry for persons defined as ineligible for
citizenship. The first break there came after WW II, as the US responded to
the Japanese war-bride phenomenon.

Assumptions about war brides can be misleading. Many more war brides were
Chinese rather than Japanese, but the Chinese had been made eligible for
entry during WW II. Far more Germans than Japanese or Chinese were war
brides, and English war brides outnumbered them all.

Tom

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From: Patrick O'Sullivan
Subject: cfp Estudios Irlandeses
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Forwarded On Behalf Of Rosa Gonz=E1lez...

Subject: CFC - Estudios Irlandeses

ESTUDIOS IRLANDESES, the scholarly electronic journal of AEDEI (Spanish
Association for Irish Studies) invites authors to submit contributions =
-in
either English or Spanish- that engage in a critical and original way =
with
aspects of Irish literature, history, arts and the media, for its Issue =
N=BA
1, to be published in March 2006.
Guidelines for submissions, which should be sent via email by 31 =
December
2005, are available on the journal website
(http://www.estudiosirlandeses.org/)

Rosa Gonz=E1lez
Editor of ESTUDIOS IRLANDESES


--
Dra. Rosa Gonz=E1lez
Departament de Filologia Anglesa i Alemanya Facultat de Filologia
Universitat de Barcelona Gran Via, 585
08007 Barcelona
Tel. +34 934035685
Fax +34 933171249

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From: Patrick O'Sullivan
Subject: RIP A. Norman Jeffares
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Notices of the death of A. Norman Jeffares have reached us.

The Guardian obituary is by John Sutherland.

P.O'S.

John Sutherland writes...

'A great organiser, Jeffares founded the International Association for the
Study of Anglo-Irish Literature and the journal Ariel (A Review of
International English Literature). The names are significant. Born himself
at a sectarian boundary during a civil war, (Southern Irish Protestant,
1920) and coming into intellectual maturity at a period when the tension
between "international" and "national" was a central problem in his
discipline, with the post-Suez collapse of English imperial dominion,
Jeffares proved as adept an ideological broker as he was in managing the
careers of junior colleagues.

To Jeffares should go the credit for the currently high-riding field of
"postcolonial criticism". It was he who put in place the institutional
foundation on which it rests, pioneering, as he did, Commonwealth studies at
Leeds and using, with great diplomatic skill, the outreach of the British
Council to promote it...'

Full text at...

http://www.guardian.co.uk/obituaries/story/0,,1505644,00.html

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Irish Haiku, Chris Arthur's third essay collection, is published today, June
15, by the Davies Group (Colorado). ISBN 1-888570-78-4. 234 + xxiv pp.
$20. Illustrations by Jeff Hall III.

Irish Haiku follows Irish Nocturnes (1999) and Irish Willow (2002).

I have placed the publisher's press release on http://www.irishdiaspora.net

Where will also be found various contact details. And an example of Chris
Arthur's work.

I do notice, amongst those who teach Irish Diaspora Studies, an interest in
Chris Arthur and Chris-Arthur-type essays - they suggest to students another
way of writing about stuff, other than the standard academic essay.

Our congratulations to Chris Arthur. It is a remarkable - and indeed quite
odd - achievement. To invent, or re-invent, a furrow - and then to plough
it so well... And to see three volumes published...

Paddy O'Sullivan


--
Patrick O'Sullivan
Head of the Irish Diaspora Research Unit

Email Patrick O'Sullivan
Email Patrick O'Sullivan
Personal Fax 0044 (0) 709 236 9050

Irish Diaspora Studies http://www.brad.ac.uk/acad/diaspora/
Irish Diaspora Net
http://www.irishdiaspora.net

Irish Diaspora Research Unit
Department of Social Sciences and Humanities
University of Bradford
Bradford BD7 1DP
Yorkshire
England

, about which some review extracts follow.

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Subject: Masks in ethnic caricature? 2
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There are a number of questions to ask and answer here... Before we are
required to take these images seriously, as anything to do with Ireland.

What is the evidence that the images - apart from the fact that they =
have
been given Irish 'wake' type titles - have anything genuinely to do with
Ireland?

These images are clearly part of a series. If they are part of a =
series,
what do other images in the series look like? Are there masks in other
images? Are there similar, or different, ethnic claims made for other
images in the series? Are there similar, or different, ethnic =
stereotypes,
or tropes, elsewhere in the series?

And of course these images were clearly staged for the camera.

There are some images published by C.H.Graves which have been accepted - =
or
at least catalogued - as genuine images of Irish interiors. Though, =
again,
I am not clear on what evidence...

The general rule at this period is: landscapes tend to be real, not =
staged;
exteriors involving ethnic types are sometimes real but some are staged, =
and
some are set-ups; interiors are always posed and may well be staged.

I have commented elsewhere on the way the traditional theatrical
not-dead-corpse gags were linked, for example by Boucicault on stage, =
and
the Marx Brothers on film, to the notion of the wake. And thus - =
because
waking traditions survived longer in Ireland than in other places - with
Ireland.

The costumes, as described, are not like those of any surviving Irish =
mummer
traditions that I know of.

That being said, there do here seem to be connections with mummer plays =
-
not necessarily Irish - with the suggestion of the Quack Doctor theme, =
and
the disguises. See Peter Millington's web page...
http://freespace.virgin.net/peter.millington1/index.htm

And, following a link, I came across this image at...
http://www.heritage.nf.ca/arts/p_arts.html
Mummering in Fran=E7ois, south coast of Newfoundland.

I wonder if these might not be images of a genuine mummer Quack Doctor
group, somewhere - and the images have been given 'Irish' names as part =
of a
marketing procedure.

P.O'S.


-----Original Message-----
Subject: [IR-D] Masks in ethnic caricature?

LISTERS:

I received an interesting E-mail, with images attached, from a collector =
of
ethnic-themed ephemera. He apparently has quite a collection of
turn-of-the-century stereoviews, and the three that he sent to me date =
from
1897. If you'd like to see them, reply to me directly and I can forward =
the
images on to you - but I did not want to forward the attachments.

The most interesting of the three is called "McGinty's Wake" and it =
shows a
comic scene, a la Tim Finnegan, in which most of the people are wearing =
what
to my mind look like fairly grotesque masks. I directed him to John =
Appel's
work, but really, I'm sort out of my waters here. I tell the sender I'd
float this to the list -- Here is part of his query:
=20
" 'McGinty's Wake' shows three women and one seated man wearing =
masks
with white pipes. There is also what appears to be a priest wearing a =
mask
and even the corpse is masked. Curiously, the man with the great =
white
beard pouring from a bottle into the corpse's mouth does not appear to =
be
wearing a mask.
=20

Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: Oliver Marshall
Subject: Re: the US and non-Protestant immigrants
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I would like to thank all those who replied to my query concerning laws and practices that may have restricted non-Protestant immigration into the United States. As so often is the case with these kinds of straightforward queries, the replies can be much more complicated. Thank you for giving my question such thought and, indeed, for extending it further.

Oliver

From: Bill Mulligan
Subject: Irish Australian Conference
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Having seen the program for the Irish Australian Conference, I propose
Wednesday at 21:00 (9:00 pm) for an informal gathering of lsit members and
others at Reidy's Wine Vault, which is a short walk from the UCC main gate on
the Western Road. This does not appear to conflict with any conference event.

Bill Mulligan

Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: Patrick O'Sullivan
Subject: 14th Irish Australian Conference, Cork, 22-24 June 2005
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Email Patrick O'Sullivan

Friends and colleagues are making their way to Cork for 14th Irish
Australian Conference...

I wish them and the conference well...

I have pasted in below the full Conference schedule, just to make it =
easily
available, and to demonstrate how interesting Irish Diaspora Studies has
become, and is becoming. On that note - I am sorry I cannot be there, =
and I
am particularly sorry to miss Joe Lee's John O=92Brien Memorial Lecture =
on
'Approaches towards Comparison in Irish Diaspora History...'

Into the Conference schedule I have inserted, at the appropriate place,

Bill Mulligan's
IRISH DIASPORA LIST
Informal Gathering
Wednesday at 21:00 (9:00 pm)
Reidy's Wine Vault

If I cannot be with you in person I will certainly be there in spirit. =
In
fact, if you look around, you might see a bottle labelled 'Paddy'...

Paddy O'Sullivan


14th Irish Australian Conference

Cork, 22-24 June 2005


Contacts Larry Geary Conference Organiser
or Andrew McCarthy=20
=20

Programme

Wednesday, 22 June 2005

Venues: W9 and W5, West Wing,


Main Quadrangle, UCC

9.00 =96 10.30am
Registration, West Wing, Main Quadrangle

10.40 =96 11.00
Conference Opening, W9, West Wing

11.00 =96 12.30 (W9)
Panel 1

Carla King
=91A new world full of youthful hopes and promise=92: Michael Davitt in
Australia, 1895

Rory O'Dwyer
=91A roof-raising affair=92? Eamon de Valera=92s tour of Australia and =
New Zealand

Ru=E1n O=92Donnell =20
The IRA and Australia, 1948-62

12.30 =96 2pm
Lunch
=20

2 =96 3pm (W9)
=09
Panel 2A

Ciara Breathnach
Recruiting Irish migrants for life in New Zealand 1870-1875

Brad Patterson
New Zealand=92s =91Ulster Plantation=92: Revisiting Katikati

2 =96 3pm (W5)

Panel 2 B
=20

Pamela O=92Neill
A sense of place: monastic scenes in Irish-Australian funerary =
monuments

Chris Eipper
The two-way tide: the secularisation of Irish society from an =
ethnographic
perspective


3 =96 3.30pm
=09
Tea/Coffee Break

3.30 =96 4.30pm (W9)
=09
Panel 3 A

Lydon Fraser
Tracking Irish Migrants in Nineteenth-Century New Zealand: Sources, =
Methods
and Dilemmas

Malcolm Campbell
Irish Immigrants in the Pacific World
=20

3.30 =96 4.30pm (W5)
=09
Panel 3 B

Mike Bowen
From Cork to Melbourne: An Irishman=92s Adventure

Hannah Speden
Irish-English-Australian: What am I?
=20

5.15pm (W9)
=09

Oliver MacDonagh Memorial Lecture
Tom Dunne
Wild People in Romantic Landscapes: Irish Art and National Character,
1750-1850

6.30pm
=09
Book Launch: Staff Dining Room, UCC

David Fitzpatrick will launch a selection of essays by the late John
O=92Brien, entitled Studies in Irish, British and Australian Relations =
1916 =96
1963: Trade, Diplomacy and Politics, edited by Anne E. O=92Brien and =
published
by Four Courts Press, Dublin

IRISH DIASPORA LIST
Informal Gathering
Wednesday at 21:00 (9:00 pm)
Reidy's Wine Vault
=09

Thursday, 23 June

W9 and W5, West Wing

9 =96 9.15pm
=09
Registration, West Wing

9.15 =96 10.45am (W9)
=09

Panel 4 A

Frances Devlin-Glass
Mary Durack's Kings in Grass Castles Reconsidered

David Lucy
The T=E1in B=F3 C=FAailgne from Cork to Melbourne

Brega Webb
Eva of the Nation

9.15 =96 10.45am (W5)
=09

Panel 4 B

William Mulligan
A Far and Distant Shore: Maintaining Irish Identity in the Michigan =
Copper
Country, 1845-1900

Geoff Russell
Joseph Brady: an engineering genius: An illustrated biography of =
Colonial
Australia=92s leading Civil Engineer

Jackie Ui Chionna
Journey to Australia: Irish Salmon and the Development of Aquaculture in =
the
New World

10.45 =96 11.15am
=09
Tea/Coffee Break


11.15 =96 12.45pm (W9)
=09
Panel 5 A

Miche=E1l O=92hAodha
Prisoner-Speak: the =93Secret=94 Language of the 19th century Australian =
Penal
Colonies

Cheryl Mongan
Erin: land of our forefathers

Richard Davis
Irish influence on Van Diemen's Land/Tasmania from Bushrangers to the =
Celtic
Tiger

11.15 =96 12.45pm (W5)

Panel 5 B

Tony Earls
=91'The opportunity of being useful=92: The work of John Hubert Plunkett

Peter Moore
Knight Faithful: John Michel Gunson 1822-1884

David Grant
W. Vincent Wallace and Music in Australia, 1835=9638

12.45 =96 2pm

Lunch

2 =96 3.30pm (W9)

Panel 6 A

Lauren O=92Sullivan
The Assisted Emigration of Women From the Monteagle Estate, Co. Limerick =
to
Australia, 1838-1858

Joan Kavanagh
The Women of the Tasmania

Dianne Snowden
=91A White Rag Burning=92: Irish Female Arsonists Transported to Van =
Diemen's
Land

2 =96 3.30pm (W5)

Panel 6 B

Carmen Cullen
The Writer=92s Voice. The role of nature and nurture in forming a writer

Carol Kiernan
Celebrating Two Architects of Modern Ireland: Ireland=92s Ballad Queen =
Delia
Murphy and Diplomat Thomas Kiernan

3.30 =96 4pm

Tea/Coffee Break

4 =96 5pm (W9)

Panel 7: Reading: Evelyn Conlon

5.15pm

Book Launch: W9, West Wing

Louis de Paor will launch the proceedings of the Twelfth Irish =
Australian
Conference, entitled Remembered Nations, Forgotten Republics, published =
as a
special edition of the Australian Journal of Irish Studies, edited by =
Louis
de Paor, Maureen O=92Connor and Bob Reece

5.30pm
Conference Reception Hosted by History Department

Friday, 24 June

9.15 =96 9.30am

Registration, West Wing

9.30 =96 11am (W9)

Panel 8 A

Jeff Kildea
Who Fears to Speak of '14-'18: Remembrance of World War I in Ireland and
Australia

Michael Hopkinson
Archbishop Clune and the Peace Process, 1920-1921

9.30 =96 11am (W5)

Panel 8 B

Clare McCotter
Fairytales, Nurses, Cannibals. Constructing a Nationalist Narrative in
Beatrice Grimshaw=92s Papuan Landscapes

Louise Ryan
=91Who are you calling Biddy?=92 Irish Nurses Encountering Ethnicity and
Constructing Identity in Britain

Paula Magee
Irish Mothers and the Australian Bureaucrats: The experiences of Irish
mothers at Graylands Migrant Hostel

11 =96 11.30am

Tea/Coffee Break

11.30 =96 12.30 (W9)
=09

Panel 9 A

Peter Kuch
The Irish Players Tour of Queensland in 1922

Gay Lynch
Mythic and Literary Antecedents: Cuchulainn, the Magistrate of Galway =
and
Edward Geoghegan=92s Play, The Hibernian Father

11.30 =96 12.30 (W5)
=09

Panel 9 B

Dermot Clancy
Class, culture and religion in the formation of Australian Irish =
Catholic
identity

Bernard Hickey
Waging contention with dispossession: the ongoing contribution of the
Christian Brothers in Australia

12.30 =96 2pm
=09
Lunch

2pm (W9)
=09

John O=92Brien Memorial Lecture

Joe Lee
Approaches towards Comparison in Irish Diaspora History

=A9 2004 Department of History, University College, Cork, Ireland
Email history[at]ucc.ie | Phone 353-21-4902551 | Fax +353-21-4270191