Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: Patrick O'Sullivan
Subject: The Hill of Ushnagh
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From: Patrick O'Sullivan [mailto:P.OSullivan[at]bradford.ac.uk]

Edumndo,

Dymphna Lonergan

Thinks that your informants might be thinking of the Hill of Ushnagh. An=
d the
Cat Stone. In Westmeath.

The following extract from a 1999 Seanad debate might help.

http://www.irlgov.ie/debates-99/s10feb99/sect4.htm


Minister of State at the Department of Arts, Heritage, Gaeltacht and the =
Islands
(=C9amon =D3 Cu=EDv):

'...There are numerous references to the Hill of Ushnagh in early Irish
literature and annals. It is often referred to in early literature along =
with
assembly sites such as Tara, Rathcroghan and Eamhain Macha. It is said th=
e Hill
of Ushnagh was an important assembly point in ancient days when the men o=
f
Ireland gathered on May Day. It was also said to have been the seat of Ki=
ng
Tuathal Techtmhar who crossed the Shannon from Connacht in the 2nd centur=
y AD.
He established a royal fortress there and the hill gave the title R=ED Ui=
snig to
the kings of Meath and western Meath down to Maelsechlainn who died in 10=
22.
Brian Bor=FA occupied the hill in 984 as a challenge to Maelsechlainn. Th=
e Cat
Stone, a large natural boulder at the centre of a low circular enclosure,=
was
regarded as the point where the five ancient provinces met. St. Patrick i=
s said
to have founded a church on the hill, and an important synod of the churc=
h was
held there in the early 12th century AD...'

A web search for the hill reveals things like
http://www.libraryireland.com/SocialHistoryAncientIreland/I-II-1.php

P.O'S.



-----Original Message-----
From: The Irish Diaspora Studies List [mailto:IR-D[at]JISCMAIL.AC.UK] On Beh=
alf Of
Murray, Edmundo
Sent: 24 May 2007 10:19
To: IR-D[at]JISCMAIL.AC.UK
Subject: [IR-D] Geographic centre of Ireland

Dear IR-D list members,

This is a query about geography of Ireland and oral traditions. Members o=
f the
Egan and Quest families in Chile, Argentina, Paraguay and Spain heard fro=
m
their parents and grandparents the story that their common ancestor lived=
in "a
house exactly in the centre of Ireland", and that in the garden there was=
a
stone (different versions) to mark the place.

It seems that the geographical centre of Ireland (the island, not the
republic) is to be found in Carnagh East Co. Roscommon, on the western sh=
ore of
Lough Ree and 3 km south of Athlone. This was one of the "sending areas" =
with
relatively high emigration to South America in 1860-1880.

I am searching in local history sources but at the same time I wanted to =
ask if
anybody in this list knows other references to the geographic centre of
Ireland, any stories or legends associated with it and a possible stone o=
r
pillar in that place?

Thanks in advance for your kind co-operation.

Edmundo Murray


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Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: Matt O'Brien
Subject: NYT article on swindle of Irish immigrants in the U.S.
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NEW HAVEN, May 29 =97 It sounded good enough to be a dream come true, yet
practical enough to be possible. The illegal Irish immigrants were eager to
get their papers, and someone at Yale Law School was eager to help them.

The process seemed simple and straightforward: file some paperwork, get a
medical exam and be fingerprinted. Write a check for $5,000. Ralph
Cucciniello at the Yale
ImmigrationLaw
Clinic would take care of the rest.

But there is no such thing as the Yale Immigration Law Clinic. Mr.
Cucciniello, according to university officials and law enforcement
authorities, was not a lawyer, but a research assistant with prior
convictions on fraud charges who was running an extensive swindle out of th=
e
Yale Law School library.

Over the last two years, the authorities say, he collected millions of
dollars from at least 200 illegal immigrants and provided nothing in return=
.
He was arrested on May 1 in Manhattan on charges of a scheme to defraud and
grand larceny. The charges were filed in New York because many of the
immigrants live there and because Mr. Cucciniello is accused of collecting
some of the payments there. Prosecutors in Connecticut are also
investigating the case.

"He had Yale attached to his name; what more could we ask for?" said Donald=
,
33, who, like others who say they sent Mr. Cucciniello money, did not give
his last name because he is in the country illegally. "Everything he did ha=
d
a purpose. He played it all just like a lawyer."

Mr. Cucciniello, 55, who was released on his own recognizance, is scheduled
to appear in court on Aug. 15. His lawyer, George Goltzer, declined to
discuss the case on Tuesday.

It is not clear exactly how Mr. Cucciniello obtained a university e-mail
address and access to law school buildings. Jan Conroy, a spokeswoman for
the law school, said that Mr. Cucciniello had never been an employee of the
university, but that he had "on occasion served as a volunteer research
assistant for a particular professor at the law school."

"He has not been authorized by the law school or the clinics to undertake
any activities or to represent any clients," Ms. Conroy said in a statement=
.
"Upon learning of his arrest, the law school suspended his access to all la=
w
school facilities."

Ms. Conroy would not say which professor Mr. Cucciniello worked for, but
said the research was not for any project directly related to the law
school. A private investigator working for the immigrants who had paid Mr.
Cucciniello identified the professor, who did not respond to telephone
messages left on Tuesday.

Like other law schools, Yale runs several law clinics staffed by students,
including one that works on behalf of illegal immigrants trying to seek
asylum and another that focuses on human rights violations.

The Yale reputation was all Mr. Cucciniello needed to establish his
credibility.

Many of the well-off Irish immigrants who paid Mr. Cucciniello travel in th=
e
same social circles, and routinely assured one another that they were
getting the right treatment from a bright assistant at one of the finest
universities in America. They never suspected anything was awry until the
news of Mr. Cucciniello's arrest was reported in The Irish Voice this month=
.


Several immigrants said he had his story worked out smoothly.

He would explain over the telephone or via e-mail that he had set up the
clinic on behalf of the law school dean and was using a loophole through th=
e
Department of Homeland
Securityto
obtain green cards for people here illegally. Typically, he would
summon
the immigrants to a desk or office in the Yale Law School library, where he
conducted extensive interviews, asking about everything from parking ticket=
s
to bank-account balances. He warned them that once they were issued green
cards, the federal government would probably try to collect back taxes,
perhaps as a way to prepare them to hand over more money down the road, the
immigrants said.

After directing them to complete several government forms, Mr. Cucciniello
would say it would take several months for the government to run a
background check. He would routinely call, the immigrants said, to update
them on the progress of their case or ask for more details.

And each time, he would begin the conversation with an official-sounding
disclaimer: This conversation is protected by attorney-client privilege.
Everything you say will be kept private.
He reassured them that while the process was often long, it was progressing
smoothly.

"Every time you had a question, he had an answer; he always seemed to care
what was going on," said Andrew, 25, who was living in New York for several
months before he met Mr. Cucciniello. "There were all kinds of specific
little bits and pieces that sounded too exact to be made up. Every time I
might have gotten nervous, there was a reason not to be."

For instance, several immigrants said, Mr. Cucciniello routinely assured
them that he had spoken with government officials and they were free to
travel outside of the country =97 often to Ireland =97 and return to the Un=
ited
States without a problem. In several instances, it worked, though it was
likely only a lucky coincidence.

But after one young man who was "in the program," as the immigrants called
Mr. Cucciniello's "clinic," was detained at the border in Canada this year,
others became suspicious. One woman contacted Olwyn Triggs, an Irish
immigrant who runs a New York private investigation firm, P. I. Network, wh=
o
quickly uncovered Mr. Cucciniello's criminal record.

In 1996, he was convicted of defrauding several people in Passaic, N.J., of
more than $250,000 in a business scheme. Newspaper reports show that he was
sentenced to 30 years in prison, but did not serve time because he was
placed in the federal witness protection program. He was convicted and
indicted on other charges of fraud dating to the 1970s, but apparently did
not serve any time.

Ms. Triggs contacted officials in the New York Police Department and the
Manhattan district attorney's office, which filed charges against Mr.
Cucciniello on May 2.

"Clearly he knew to prey on a group of people who could afford this and
would do almost anything to get it," Ms. Triggs said.

In recent weeks, Ms. Triggs spent hours trying to persuade the immigrants t=
o
tell law enforcement officials about their dealings with Mr. Cucciniello,
but many are loath to do so for fear of being deported.

"Now I feel like my head has a flashing light on it screaming 'I'm illegal'
" said one 32-year-old man who lives in Florida. "And I tried to pay a lot
of money and do a lot of things so that wouldn't be true anymore."

Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: Patrick O'Sullivan
Subject: Robert Tressell Festival, Hastings, UK
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Forwarded on behalf of
Sue Farley-Green, Robert Tressell Festival Co-Organiser.

Robert Tressell Festival
Location: United Kingdom
Conference Date: 2007-06-30 (in 30 days)

The Robert Tressell Festival will be held in Hastings, UK on 30th June and
1st July, 2007. Speakers include Hilda Kean, Ruskin College, Oxford, Clive
Griggs, University of Brighton, Ricky Tomlinson and Andy Lynch. Plus
exhibitions about the life and work of Robert Tressell and talks,
photographs and films about his life and times in the context of Edwardian
Hastings and his thesis behind The Ragged Trousered Philanthropists.

Venue: Concordia Hall, Church Road, St Leonards-on-Sea, East Sussex, UK TN37
6EE

Sue Farley-Green, Robert Tressell Festival Co-Organiser. Full details of
Festival at www.1066.net/tressell

Email: susannah[at]farley-green.freeserve.co.uk
Visit the website at http://www.1066.net/tressell

Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: Patrick O'Sullivan
Subject: Frank O'Connor Web Site
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This authorised website has been commissioned by the Boole Library,
University College Cork and is designed to provide accurate information
about the life and work of the Irish writer (1903-1966), along with samples
of his less well-known publications, rare photographs, manuscripts, video
clips and links to other useful sites.

With content added by national and international academics, the Frank
O'Connor Web Pages at
http://www.frankoconnor.ie
which celebrate the life of the writer, contain previously unpublished
images from family collections.

Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: Patrick O'Sullivan
Subject: Email problems
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As many IR-D members have found out...

Over the past week or so there have been problems with emails on this side
of the Atlantic. It seems some major Internet Service Providers got
blacklisted by other Internet Service Providers - because the latter thought
that the former were generating too much spam.

It seems a curious way to negotiate. And there seems not much that the
individual consumer can do.

I have various workarounds in place when these things happen. A little bit
more tedious for me. And, of course, you first have to become aware that
there are significant problems. Anyway... If you thought there were email
problems - yes, there are email problems...

P.O'S.

Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: Patrick O'Sullivan
Subject: Book Announced, Lyndon Fraser,
Castles of Gold: A History of New Zealand's West Coast Irish
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Members of the Irish Diaspora list will be interested in the publication of
this book. Anyone who has read Patrick O'Farrell's Vanished Kingdoms will be
familiar with the West Coast and some of its characters.

The book is available now and can be ordered from the Otago University Press
- publicity material pasted in below...

P.O'S.

Castles of Gold: A History of New Zealand's West Coast Irish

Family surnames on the West Coast of the South Island indicate the Irish
origins of many of its early European settlers. They arrived because, from
the 1860s, 'the Coast' was the scene of two major goldfields, attracting
hopefuls from all over the world. Many of these stayed on after the
goldrushes as part of a community with its own distinctive character.

Award-winning writer Lyndon Fraser has just published the first history of
those Irish, Castles of Gold, as 'an attempt to provide answers for one
region that has reputedly been the most Irish part of New Zealand'.
Contributing to the discussion of the global Irish diaspora, it tells the
story of where people came from, who they were, how many women came and why,
what they did, how people sustained their family connections and what they
believed. Linking individual stories to these questions, the author draws on
private letters and oral histories as well as more conventional sources, and
includes many individual migration and settlement stories.

The 'myth-busting' of received stereotypes and the trans-tasman dimension
are key to the study, says Fraser. 'An overwhelming majority ... sailed to
the region from Dunedin and Melbourne after serving colonial apprenticeships
in Victoria and Otago. Theirs is a complex story characterised by successful
adaptation and the rapid disappearance of ethnic boundaries.'

Rich in information and illustrated with historical photographs, Castles of
Gold is published by Otago University Press.

AUTHOR
Lyndon Fraser is a senior lecturer in the School of Sociology and
Anthropology at the University of Canterbury. His previous publications are
To Tara via Holyhead: Irish Catholic Immigrants in Nineteenth-Century
Christchurch (awarded the Sir Keith Sinclair History Prize), A Distant
Shore: Irish Migration and New Zealand Settlement (as editor) and Shifting
Centres: Women and Migration in New Zealand History (co-edited with Katie
Pickles).

PUBLICATION DETAILS
CATEGORY History, Heritage, Irish Studies
FORMAT 230 x 150 mm, paperback
EXTENT 216 pp approx
ISBN 978 1 877372 44 5
PRICE $39.95
PUBLICATION DATE 24 May 2007
FURTHER INFORMATION
Donelle Karagedikli, Otago University Press
Email. donelle.karagedikli[at]otago.ac.nz
Ph. (64 03) 479 9094 Mob. 021 051 9118
PUBLISHER
Publisher, Otago University Press
PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
Level 1, 398 Cumberland Street, Dunedin
Tel: 64 3 479 4194. Fax: 64 3 479 8385.
http://www.otago.ac.nz/press/

Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: Patrick O'Sullivan
Subject: Lectureship in Irish Literature, QUB
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Lectureship in Irish Literature
School of English
Ref: 07/K673B

Required to undertake high quality research and to publish in the area =
of
Irish Literature, in line with the School=92s research strategy, to =
teach at
undergraduate and postgraduate level, and to contribute to the =
School=92s
administration/outreach activity. Criteria will be given in the =
applicant
pack

Informal enquiries may be made to Mrs Carmel Beaney, Tel: 028 90975309 =
or
email: c.beaney[at]qub.ac.uk

Salary scale: =A329,138 - =A334,793 per annum (including contribution =
points)

Closing date: 4.00 pm, Wednesday 13 June 2007

The University is committed to equal opportunity and selection on merit.
It therefore welcomes applications from all sections of society.

Applications should be addressed to the Personnel Manager, The Personnel
Department, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT7 1NN. Tel: =
028
90973044, Fax. 028 90971040, e-mail personnel[at]qub.ac.uk, =
www.qub.ac.uk/pers

You can access the applicant pack at
http://www.qub.ac.uk/jobs/?vac_no=3DK673&function=3Dview_job
Click on =91Print online job pack=92

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From: Patrick O'Sullivan
Subject: Article, Steps to an ecology of transnational sports
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Email Patrick O'Sullivan

Steps to an ecology of transnational sports

Author: ERIKSEN, THOMAS HYLLAND1

Source: Global Networks: A Journal of Transnational Affairs, Volume 7,
Number 2, April 2007, pp. 154-165(12)

Publisher: Blackwell Publishing


Abstract:

It is sometimes said that if you are on the team that wins the Irish
championship in Gaelic football, you will never have to pay for a pint in
your village pub again. However, if you are an outstanding soccer player,
you may end up very rich and world famous. Sports are global, transnational
or international to varying degrees: Scandinavians are deeply involved in
Winter Olympics, which are unknown in most of the world, while many of the
New Commonwealth countries participate in international cricket events which
must seem global to them, but which are never heard about elsewhere. This
essay discusses the factors that lead to the uneven globalization of
different sports and the impact of transnational processes on local
football, and briefly considers a few sports which have not succeeded (or
tried) to become global. The biological concepts of natural selection and
ecological niches are used metaphorically to account for the uneven spread,
and alternative strategies, of transnational sports.

Keywords: GLOBALIZATION; SPORT; SPEED SKATING; GAELIC SPORTS; NICHES

Document Type: Original article

DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0374.2007.00162.x

Affiliations: 1: Department of Social Anthropology, University of Oslo, P.
O. Box 1091 Blindern, N-0317 Oslo, Norway, Email: g.t.h.eriksen[at]sai.uio.no

Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: Patrick O'Sullivan
Subject: Article,
Branding on ambiguity? Place branding without a national
identity: Marketing Northern Ireland as a post-conflict society
in the USA
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Branding on ambiguity? Place branding without a national identity: Marketing
Northern Ireland as a post-conflict society in the USA

Authors: Gould, Michael; Skinner, Heather

Source: Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, Volume 3, Number 1, January
2007, pp. 100-113(14)

Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan

Abstract:
This study focuses on place branding as a method of promoting a positive
image of Northern Ireland as a post conflict society in the United States of
America in the absence of an agreed single national identity on which to
build. Qualitative methods were used to collect data on the views and
opinions of key stakeholders in both Northern Ireland and the USA. The
results show that Northern Ireland has adopted a `Janus' strategy when
marketing Northern Ireland internationally, marketing Northern Ireland as
`Irish' in Irish-friendly markets and as `British' in British-friendly
markets.Place Branding and Public Diplomacy (2007) 3, 100-113.
doi:10.1057/palgrave.pb.6000051

Document Type: Research article

DOI: 10.1057/palgrave.pb.6000051

Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: Patrick O'Sullivan
Subject: Article, `An important obligation of citizenship': language,
citizenship and jury service
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`An important obligation of citizenship': language, citizenship and jury
service

Author: Parry, R Gwynedd 1

Source: Legal Studies, Volume 27, Number 2, June 2007, pp. 188-215(28)

Publisher: Blackwell Publishing


Abstract:
This paper considers whether there should be the power to summon bilingual
juries in criminal trials in Ireland and Wales. It will examine the
relationship between jury service as an obligation and privilege of
citizenship, and the eligibility for jury service of Irish and Welsh
speakers as a linguistic group. It will also demonstrate the relationship
between the citizenship argument in its collective context and the rights
and interests of individual speakers of these languages within the criminal
jury trial process. In doing so, it seeks to emphasise that this is a
multidimensional issue which requires an evaluation from a combination of
perspectives, both collective and individual. It is this combination of
perspectives, taken conjunctively, that supports the case for bilingual
juries. Moreover, this particular debate has a particular relevance to the
wider debate on European citizenship and how Europe views the concept of
multilingual citizenship within its constitutional framework. Indeed, it
raises fundamental questions about how Europe manages its diverse cultural
and linguistic heritage and how speakers of minority languages are
integrated on a basis of equality and respect towards their cultural and
linguistic autonomy. The paper also addresses the objections to bilingual
juries and will explore how the advent of bilingual juries could continue to
preserve the random selection principle (the primary objection to bilingual
juries) sufficiently to bring about fair, impartial and competent tribunals.

Document Type: Research article

DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-121X.2007.00048.x

Affiliations: 1: Senior Lecturer in Law, Swansea University

Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: Patrick O'Sullivan
Subject: Article,
Modelling tourism demand - an econometric analysis of North
American tourist expenditure in Ireland, 1985-2004
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Email Patrick O'Sullivan

Modelling tourism demand - an econometric analysis of North American tourist
expenditure in Ireland, 1985-2004

Authors: Hanly, Paul; Wade, Garret

Source: Tourism Economics, Volume 13, Number 2, June 2007, pp. 319-327(9)

Publisher: IP Publishing Ltd

Abstract:
The monetary contribution of inbound North American tourism to the Irish
exchequer is economically substantial, generating more tourist revenue
earnings per capita in Ireland than visitors from any other country. The
purpose of this paper is to present a macroeconometric analysis of North
American tourist expenditure in Ireland, thus providing an insight into the
effects on expenditure patterns of the adjustment of key macroeconomic
variables. Using an econometric causal model, key macroeconomic and
demographic variables are regressed on real expenditure of the North
American, US and Canadian regions. Among the main findings, it is revealed
that the real exchange rate variable and the over-45 age cohort exert a
positive and statistically significant result in the case of all three
regions. The paper acknowledges that appropriate strategies are required to
maximize the potential of those subsectors providing the greatest 'value for
entry' from an Irish tourism perspective to enable the future proliferation
of inbound revenues for the tourism industry.

Keywords: NORTH AMERICAN TOURIST DEMAND; EXPENDITURE PATTERNS; AGE COHORTS;
REGRESSION ANALYSIS; IRELAND

Document Type: Research article

Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: Patrick O'Sullivan
Subject: Job Opportunity: Assistant Director, Irish Institute,
Boston College
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Job Opportunity: Assistant Director, Irish Institute

The Irish Institute at the Boston College Center for Irish Programs is
seeking an Assistant Director for its executive education and exchange
programs for Ireland, Northern Ireland, and other areas of the world. The
Institute's special remit, for ten consecutive years, has been to support
the peace and normalization process on the island of Ireland and to
contribute to social, political, and economic stability through cross-border
and cross-community cooperation.

This is a singular opportunity to join a Boston College team dedicated to
providing outstanding executive education programs for successful
professionals and to promoting knowledge exchange on topics as diverse as
teacher education, community policing, local government, business
management, and philanthropy.

Please Note: This position, as always, is dependent on external funding and
is therefore full-time, temporary (benefits eligible).

Start date: 2 July 2007

The Assistant Director will:
. Work closely with Irish Institute Director to develop and deliver
international executive education programming, special events, and
post-program follow-up activities in the US, Ireland, Northern Ireland, and
other areas of the world
. Plan and coordinate all logistics for programs, including transportation,
lodging, meals, site visits, seminars, and cultural events
. Communicate and maintain relationships with Boston College faculty,
organizations in Boston and throughout the U.S., Boston College-Ireland, and
other Boston College departments such as Bureau of Conferences, Residential
Life, Dining Services, Libraries, and Student Services to ensure smooth
delivery of programs
. Research and prepare program materials, including informational folders
and binders
. Accompany program participants to site visits, meetings, and social
activities in Boston and in other cities throughout the US (including
evenings and weekends)
. Co-author funding proposals, write website content, press releases etc.
. Will provide functional supervision over one full-time staff member
(Program Administrator)
. Supervise graduate and undergraduate student employees (typically 2-3)
. Work with budget coordinator and Director on budgeting and accounting
issues
. Implement program evaluation and reporting system
. Work on special projects and events as requested by the Irish Institute
Director and Executive Director of Center for Irish Programs

Required:
. Bachelor's degree
. United States Citizenship or Permanent Resident status
. Excellent communication skills-both written and oral
. Excellent organizational skills and superior time management ability
. Strong sense of diplomacy and discretion
. Ability to exercise good judgment whilst under pressure
. Ability to work effectively in a team, as well as independently
. Ability to work well with diverse groups of people
. Demonstrated leadership
. Availability to work on evenings and weekends
. Availability for both domestic and international travel (note: the
position currently demands 30% travel or slightly more than one week per
month).


Preferred:
Knowledge of history, culture, politics and current affairs of Ireland and
Northern Ireland

For more information or to apply for this position, please go to the Boston
College Human Resources eRecruit website:

https://www7.bc.edu/servlets/iclientservlet/erecruit/?ICType=Panel&Menu=ROLE
_APPLICANT&Market=GBL&PanelGroupName=ER_APPLICANT_HOME

Posted by Irish Studies

Labels: Irish Institute, jobs

Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: Patrick O'Sullivan
Subject: Article, Composition of ancient Irish bog butter
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Email Patrick O'Sullivan

Basically, after 200 years or so it goes off a bit...

P.O'S.

Composition of ancient Irish bog butter
International Dairy Journal, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 23
May 2007

T. Cronin, L. Downey, C. Synnott, P. McSweeney, E.P. Kelly, M. Cahill, R.P.
Ross and C. Stanton

Abstract

Thirteen samples of Irish bog butter from various locations were selected,
of which nine were dated to the Iron Age (400 BC-500 Cal AD), three to the
Medieval Period (1100-1600 Cal AD), and one much later (1520-1800 Cal AD).
These contained 94-100% (w/w) fat in crystalline form, and >0.6% (w/w)
moisture, and fatty acid profiles were characteristically different, and in
particular much simpler than fresh butter, consisting predominantly of free
fatty acids of C16:0, C14:0 and C18:0. Bog butter contained significantly
less (p<0.05) proteinaceous material than fresh butter, primarily peptides
and free amino acids and were devoid of salt. The data indicate that most of
the decomposition of the protein to simpler molecules in the ancient butter
occurred in the first two hundred years of storage in the bog environment,
while approximately half the bound fatty acids were released during this
time.

Keywords: Butter; Bog; Fatty acids; Protein

...

1. Introduction

Bog butter refers to a whitish, grey waxy substance, which has been found on
a regular basis over the past 300 years or more in bogs in Ireland and to a
lesser extent, in Scotland. Earwood (1997) lists 270 finds of bog butter in
Ireland (244) and Scotland (26). However, the total number of bog butter
finds, especially for Ireland, is substantially higher than this number,
with large numbers of extant samples of butter dating from early in the
First Millennium to the 18th and 19th Century AD, mostly found preserved in
peat bogs having been recovered in Ireland.

Perhaps surprisingly, considering the traditional importance of butter to
the Irish economy, little or no recent scientific study has been made of
these samples and most data are now over a century old. Earlier studies were
largely confined to determining the fat, water and insoluble curd content of
bog butter ([Anderson, 1885] and [Macadam, 1882]) and investigating the
fatty material, using traditional chemical tests such as Reichert-Meissel,
Polenske, iodine, acid and acetyl tests ([Arup, 1932], [Arup, 1942] and
[Ruttan, 1917]). Probably the most complete analysis of Irish bog butter was
performed in 1942 by Arup. This author analysed 22 samples of bog butter for
their moisture contents, solids not fat and nitrogen levels (Arup, 1942) and
characterized the distribution of fatty acids in the butter samples by
non-specific analyses, as were available at that time (i.e., ester, iodine,
Reichert-Meissl and Polenske values and levels of unsaponifiable matter).
Results suggested that beeswax and honey may have been added to ancient
butter, presumably causing changes to its microflora. Honeycomb may have
been a more common additive to butter in the past than salt. Results also
suggested loss of short-chain fatty acids and considerable lipid oxidation.
With the advent of gas chromatography, bog butter samples found in Scotland
were shown to comprise a mixture of fatty acids, similar to the waxy
material (termed adipocere) formed by microbial action on animal fat buried
in waterlogged, anaerobic conditions ([Morgan et al., 1973] and [Thornton et
al., 1970]). Until recently, the waxy materials formed from different fats
buried under conditions conducive to adipocere formation were
indistinguishable following analysis by gas chromatography. Consequently,
some doubt surrounded the actual origin of bog butter, whether from dairy or
adipose fat. Using a combination of specialized molecular and isotopic
techniques, six samples of bog butter from Scotland have recently been shown
to have been derived from dairy fat and another three from ruminant fat
(Bernstan et al., 2004).

During prolonged storage of butter in the bog environment, a number of
physical and chemical changes would be expected to occur during its
transformation into bog butter. Indeed, an earlier study showed that
incubation of fresh butter in solutions of nutrients, inoculated with
spores, transformed it into a product that closely resembled bog butter
(Morgan et al., 1973). This is attributed to the hydrolysis of the butter
fat by lipolytic enzyme(s) reported to be present in soil (Kuster, 1993).
While these soil enzymes may be involved in the hydrolysis of the fat in
butter placed in bogs, this may also be due to the presence in the butter
itself of microorganisms, including psychotropic bacteria, which produce
lipolytic and proteolytic enzymes (Downey, 1980). Butter produced in earlier
times is likely to have been fairly heavily contaminated with
microorganisms. Even today, the hydrolysis of butter fat by lipolytic
microorganisms, leading to the accumulation of free fatty acids, can be an
important cause of flavour impairment in butter and other dairy products.
Accumulation of the free fatty acids during storage results in butter and
other dairy products acquiring a rancid flavour, due in particular to the
short-chain fatty acids, especially butyric acid, which has a strong,
pungent flavour (Downey, 1980).

While found predominantly in Ireland, no up-to-date scientific analytical
data exist on Irish bog butter. Using modern chromatographic techniques, a
comprehensive comparative analysis was undertaken of bog butter samples
found in Ireland relative to fresh Irish butter, with the aims of detailing
the chemical characteristics that differentiate bog butter from fresh
butter; in an effort to establishing the chemical transformation(s) that
butter undergoes during prolonged burial in peat bogs; and elucidating the
biological processes involved in these changes. Also, with a view to
determining the time period during which burying butter in bogs was most
commonly practiced in Ireland, 11 of the 13 samples of bog butter analysed
in this study, which were found in various parts of Ireland, were
radiocarbon dated; the other two samples used were previously dated by
Earwood (1997).

...

5. Conclusions

The chemical composition of 13 Irish bog butter samples of varying age and
origin was investigated to provide reliable modern scientific analytical
data in an attempt to describe the state of preservation of the samples and
the changes which have taken place due to burial in the bog environment.
Radiocarbon dating revealed that nine samples originated between 400 BC and
200 AD with the remainder having Medieval origins, the youngest of which was
dated to 1739. Bog butters were found to comprise between 94% and 100% (w/w)
fat and less than 0.6% (w/w) moisture with the fat present in crystalline
form. Protein matter was found to be less abundant when compared with fresh
Irish butter while the presence of salt was not detected in any of the bog
butter samples. The fat was in the free fatty acid form, with C14:0, C16:0
and C18:0 being the most abundant fatty acids identified. Bog butter samples
also lacked any short-chain fatty acids up to C10:0, and unsaturated fatty
acids were found to be of reduced abundance so that the fatty acid profiles
of bog butter were unlike that of fresh Irish butter. Any protein matter
present was primarily as peptides in size or as FAAs. Finally, although the
bog butter samples analysed in this study varied substantially in age and
originated from varying locations, their chemical composition and fatty acid
profiles were similar in all cases, and remarkably altered compared with its
fresh counterpart. In conclusion, from the data presented in this study, it
appears that most of the decomposition of the protein to simpler molecules
in the ancient butter occurred in the first 200 years of storage, while
approximately half the bound fatty acids were released in the bog
environment during this time.

Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: Muiris Mag Ualghairg
Subject: Re: Article, `An important obligation of citizenship': language,
citizenship and jury service
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This sounds very interesting. I have been arguing for some time now
that Welsh speakers called to Jury Service in Wales should just refuse
to use English in the Jury Room - this would mean that they would have
to be excused jury duty but as the Welsh Language Act 1993 gives
anyone the absolute right to speak Welsh in court cases it may not be
legally possible to prevent them from Jury service - the only answers
would be translators in the Jury Room (something not allowed in law)
or Welsh speaking juries (who one assumes would then be used for Welsh
speaking cases).

I have often wondered what the situation would be in Ireland if a
Juror insisted on using Irish and only Irish during the deliberations
- I will have to read this article.

Muiris

On 01/06/07, Patrick O'Sullivan wrote:
> Email Patrick O'Sullivan
>
> `An important obligation of citizenship': language, citizenship and jury
> service
>
> Author: Parry, R Gwynedd 1
>
> Source: Legal Studies, Volume 27, Number 2, June 2007, pp. 188-215(28)
>
> Publisher: Blackwell Publishing
>
>
> Abstract:
> This paper considers whether there should be the power to summon bilingual
> juries in criminal trials in Ireland and Wales. It will examine the
> relationship between jury service as an obligation and privilege of
> citizenship, and the eligibility for jury service of Irish and Welsh
> speakers as a linguistic group. It will also demonstrate the relationship
> between the citizenship argument in its collective context and the rights
> and interests of individual speakers of these languages within the criminal
> jury trial process. In doing so, it seeks to emphasise that this is a
> multidimensional issue which requires an evaluation from a combination of
> perspectives, both collective and individual. It is this combination of
> perspectives, taken conjunctively, that supports the case for bilingual
> juries. Moreover, this particular debate has a particular relevance to the
> wider debate on European citizenship and how Europe views the concept of
> multilingual citizenship within its constitutional framework. Indeed, it
> raises fundamental questions about how Europe manages its diverse cultural
> and linguistic heritage and how speakers of minority languages are
> integrated on a basis of equality and respect towards their cultural and
> linguistic autonomy. The paper also addresses the objections to bilingual
> juries and will explore how the advent of bilingual juries could continue to
> preserve the random selection principle (the primary objection to bilingual
> juries) sufficiently to bring about fair, impartial and competent tribunals.
>
> Document Type: Research article
>
> DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-121X.2007.00048.x
>
> Affiliations: 1: Senior Lecturer in Law, Swansea University
>

Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: Patrick O'Sullivan
Subject: Further on Article,
A Transatlantic Commodity: Irish Salt Beef in the French Atlantic
World
MIME-Version: 1.0
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I thought that Bertie Mandelblatt might like to know that we were =
following
his important and very useful piece of work....

His reply below...

P.O'S.


________________________________________
From: Mandelblatt BR [mailto:B.R.Mandelblatt[at]rhul.ac.uk]=20

Dear Patrick,

I'm really really pleased that this piece is being been read by =
historians
and others studying the history of Irish diaspora/migration. Funnily, =
there
is so much more fascinating primary material related to Irish salt beef =
in
the French Atlantic world and these Irish merchant communities in the
Atlantic port cities. I'm trying to focus on finishing my thesis, and it
keeps pulling me back...

And thanks for the information about Jacobite Studies conference in =
July...
I'll have to give it some thought as my workload this summer is very =
heavy -
the programme however looks v interesting, and the focus of the =
organisation
certainly sits well with the study of the relationship of the Irish
provisions trade to French Caribbean slavery.
=A0
all best,
Bertie



-----Original Message-----
From: The Irish Diaspora Studies List [mailto:IR-D[at]JISCMAIL.AC.UK] On =
Behalf
Of Patrick O'Sullivan
Sent: 02 May 2007 16:11
To: IR-D[at]JISCMAIL.AC.UK
Subject: [IR-D] Article, A Transatlantic Commodity: Irish Salt Beef in =
the
French Atlantic World

Email Patrick O'Sullivan

This article is actually a very important contribution to Irish Diaspora
Studies by Bertie Mandelblatt of the Department of Geography of Royal
Holloway, University of London.

As well as showing the Irish economy to be plugged into the economy of =
the
wider Atlantic, and specifically the slave plantations, it shows the =
beef
trade managed by diasporic families and networks - ironically helped by
obstacles to the exportation of beef to England.

Mandelblatt's Irish sources include Cullen, Nash, Truxes and Joseph T.
Leydon, =91The Irish Provisions Trade to the Caribbean, c. 1650=961780: =
an
Historical Geography=92, PhD thesis, University of Toronto, 1995.=A0 =
Another
source, L=E9on Vignols, =91L=92Importation en France au XVIIIe si=E8cle =
du boeuf
sal=E9 d=92Irlande: ses emplois, les tentatives pour s=92en passer=92, =
Revue
historique 159, Sept.=96Oct. 1928, is new to me.

P.O'S.


A Transatlantic Commodity: Irish Salt Beef in the French Atlantic World

Author: Mandelblatt, Bertie

Source: History Workshop Journal, Volume 63, Number 1, 2007, pp. =
18-47(30)

Publisher: Oxford University Press

EXTRACT
A number of questions arise concerning this singular commodity and the =
set
of transatlantic trade networks it set in motion that lasted throughout =
the
pre-revolutionary eras in the French Caribbean. First, and most =
pressingly,
what does it mean to investigate the slave as a consumer, instead of as =
a
commodity and producer of commodities? What were the multiple effects of
this massive and ever-growing Caribbean consumer population in Ireland =
and
in France? After considering how Irish salt beef figured in a French
Atlantic world of commodities centred on slaves and sugar, this paper
follows that trail, beginning in Ireland, the place of production of =
salt
beef, moving to the French Atlantic ports of Nantes, la Rochelle and
Bordeaux which oversaw its passage, and ending in the Caribbean, its =
place
of consumption.

Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: "Thomas J. Archdeacon"
Organization: UW-Madison
Subject: Re: Article, Composition of ancient Irish bog butter
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Not to get too ghoulish about it, but is the process that produces this "butter" (especially from animal fat) akin to that produces "grave wax" when humans are interred under particular conditions?

Tom

Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: Patrick O'Sullivan
Subject: TOC Sport in Society, Volume 10 Issue 3 2007, Special Issue,
Irish Diaspora
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

Subject: FW: Sport in Society - informaworld new issue alert
Date: Mon, 4 Jun 2007 10:52:03 +0100
From: "Joe Bradley"

Extract from Introduction to this Special issue...

'...This volume seeks to address the ways in which Irish aptitude and
enthusiasm for sport has manifested itself in those parts of the world =
that
possess or have possessed an Irish immigrant population. The first part =
of
the book explores the diffusion of Gaelic games to a number of centres =
of
Irish immigration in the United States, Britain, Argentina, Australia =
and
parts of the European mainland and examines the social, economic, =
political
and psychological impact that these games have had in helping the =
diaspora
adjust to life in their new, and at times, inhospitable, surroundings. =
Most
of the essays that comprise this section demonstrate that elements of =
the
Irish =E9migr=E9 clung closely to the traditions of the 'Old Country' =
and sought
to maintain a rather narrowly conceived form of 'Irishness'. Others =
though
were much more willing to engage with the cultures that they experienced =
on
completion of their migratory journey. Thus, the second part of the book
extends the analysis by examining the contribution of Irish men and =
women to
the sports culture that they encountered in their new homes. It also
assesses the ways in which their involvement in these sports allowed =
them to
come to terms with, and make their way in, their new locales.

It is obvious from the various chapters that are included in this =
collection
that research into the place of sport in the lives of the Irish diaspora =
is
constrained by a number of factors. These include: a limited pool of
scholars undertaking work in the field, a focus on a small array of team
sports, a concentration on the experiences of men and a somewhat =
restricted
geographical coverage. In unpacking some of these issues in more detail =
and
seeking to justify the approach adopted when compiling this collection,
certain factors remain uncontested. All the contributors are male, which =
may
imply that this is a collection that indulges, in an exclusive manner, =
the
activities and interests of men. However, a number of contributors, such =
as
Darby, Hassan, Bradley and McAnallen et al., do touch on the importance =
of
sport for female members of the Irish Diaspora. Nevertheless it is a =
truism
that the majority of those researching and writing on this subject are =
male
and that they tend to focus on the significance of sport in the lives of
men. [30]

Critics may also point to the relatively narrow international focus =
adopted
in this collection. In breaking new ground it was imperative that the =
major
geographical bases were covered. The Irish emigrated first and foremost =
to
North America, Britain, Australia and Europe so in primarily addressing =
the
role and significance of sport in their lives in these locations this
collection represents a further step on a journey to uncover the full
experiences of the Irish abroad. Other, perhaps less obvious, settings =
are
also featured not least through Seamus King and Paul Darby's focus on
hurling and Irish identity in Argentina. Clearly much work remains to be
done, not only in uncovering the experiences of the Irish diaspora in =
other
locations around the world but also in exploring its impact on other
sporting codes. For example, there has been some excellent work on the =
Irish
influence on the sports of boxing and horseracing worldwide and these =
are
certainly two areas where more research should be undertaken. [31] In so
doing other scholars may also choose to pay particular attention to the
experiences of individual athletes, of which there have been many, who =
have
emerged from the ranks of the diaspora to achieve international =
acclaim.'...

This issue contains the following articles:

Original Articles
=09
Introduction: Locating Sport in the Study of the Irish Diaspora
333 - 346
Authors: Paul Darby; David Hassan
=09
Gaelic Games, Ethnic Identity and Irish Nationalism in New York City
c.1880-1917 [ ]
347 - 367
Author: Paul Darby
=09
Enacting Irish Identity in Western Australia: Performances from the =
Dressing
Room [ ]
368 - 384
Author: Nick McCarthy
=09
The Role of Gaelic Games in the lives of the Irish Diaspora in Europe
385 - 401
Author: David Hassan
=09
The "Temporary Diaspora" at Play: The Development of Gaelic Games in =
British
Universities
402 - 424
Authors: D=F3nal McAnallen; Peter Mossey; Stephen Moore
=09
Becoming Irland=E9s: Hurling and Irish Identity in Argentina [ ]
425 - 438
Authors: Seamus King; Paul Darby
=09
Gaelic Sport, Soccer and Irishness in Scotland
439 - 456
Author: Joseph M. Bradley
=09
Wearing the Baggie Green: the Irish and Australian Cricket
457 - 475
Author: Alan Bairner
=09
Tales from the Fifth Green Field: The Psychodynamics of Migration,
Masculinity and National Identity amongst Republic of Ireland Soccer
Supporters in England
476 - 494
Author: Marcus Free
=09
The Fighting Irish of Toronto: Sport and Irish Catholic Identity at St
Michael's College, 1906-1916
495 - 513
Authors: Dennis P. Ryan; Kevin B. Wamsley
=09
Hibernian Football Club: The Forgotten Irish?
514 - 536
Author: John Kelly

http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/titles/14610981.asp

Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: D C Rose
Subject: L'image des etrangers en France et en Allemagne/Geschichte und
Repraesentationen der Einwanderung in Frankreich und Deutschland
(Paris/FR, 29-30 November 2007)
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This may be of interest.

David Rose

----- Original Message -----=20
From: "H-Museum (Blank)"
To:
Sent: Monday, June 04, 2007 8:21 PM
Subject: CFP: L'image des etrangers en France et en Allemagne/Geschichte =
und
Repraesentationen der Einwanderung in Frankreich und Deutschland (Paris/F=
R,
29-30 November 2007)


From: Yannik Porsche
Subject: Kolloquium Geschichte und Repraesentationen der
Einwanderung in Frankreich und Deutschland
Date: Mon, 28 May 2007 16:57:02 +0200
--------------------------------------------------------------

[EDITOR'S NOTE: Please scroll down for the German text]


Appel =E0 communication

Colloque =AB L'image des =E9trangers en France et en Allemagne : XIXe et =
XXe
si=E8cles =BB
29 - 30 novembre 2007 =E0 Strasbourg

Direction scientifique : Catherine Wihtol de Wenden (France) et Rosmarie
Beier-de Haan (Allemagne)

La Cit=E9 nationale de l'histoire de l'immigration propose chaque ann=E9e=
un
colloque scientifique en relation avec sa programmation artistique et
culturelle. Le colloque =AB l'image des =E9trangers en France et en Allem=
agne :
XIXe et XXe si=E8cles =BB (titre provisoire) pr=E9pare intellectuellement
l'exposition =AB Etranger - Fremder en France et en Allemagne (XIXe et XX=
e
si=E8cles) =BB produite par la Cit=E9 nationale au Palais de la Porte dor=
=E9e en
partenariat avec le
Deutsches Historisches Museum de Berlin, et pr=E9vue pour la p=E9riode al=
lant du
15 d=E9cembre 2008 au 15 mars 2009. L'exposition sera reprise par le Deut=
sches
Historisches Museum au cours de l'ann=E9e 2009. Il s'agit essentiellement
d'une rencontre =E0 vocation d'=E9changes et de r=E9flexion entre sp=E9ci=
alistes
pouvant int=E9resser tous les partenaires des =E9changes francoallemands,
notamment dans le domaine des migrations et de l'int=E9gration.

La Cit=E9 nationale a souhait=E9 inscrire ce colloque dans le cadre de la=
5=E8me
=E9dition du Festival =AB Strasbourg - M=E9diterran=E9e =BB qui cette ann=
=E9e porte sur
le th=E8me f=E9d=E9rateur de la Fronti=E8re. Strasbourg est par ailleurs =
une ville
embl=E9matique dans les relations franco-allemandes. Le colloque porte su=
r les
repr=E9sentations de l'=E9tranger dans deux pays europ=E9ens qui, pour de=
s raisons
diff=E9rentes, ont longtemps ignor=E9 qu'ils =E9taient des pays d'immigra=
tion.
Dans ces deux soci=E9t=E9s, l'=E9tranger (juridiquement ou appr=E9hend=E9=
comme tel),
puis l'immigr=E9 sont des figures importantes du d=E9bat public qui =E9vo=
luent au
XIX=E8me et XX=E8me si=E8cles. Les images qui les repr=E9sentent, les dis=
cours dont
ils sont la cible, et les traitements qui leur sont r=E9serv=E9s, se forg=
ent en
relation avec la construction de l'Etat-nation et des identit=E9s nationa=
les,
les flux migratoires, les situations sociales et =E9conomiques, le dialog=
ue
interreligieux, les relations internationales de ces deux pays. Il appara=
=EEt
que =AB l'autre =BB (l'=E9tranger, l'immigr=E9...) est une condition n=E9=
cessaire pour
constituer le =AB nous =BB et vice versa. A ces repr=E9sentations r=E9pon=
dent des
expressions propres aux populations immigr=E9es d=E9sireuses de rendre vi=
sible
et faire reconna=EEtre leurs identit=E9s, comme de participer =E0 la vie =
publique
dans la soci=E9t=E9 d'accueil. Cette soci=E9t=E9 et ces identit=E9s se tr=
ansforment
ainsi
continuellement.
La comparaison et les croisements entre l'histoire de ces repr=E9sentatio=
ns de
=AB l'=E9tranger =BB en France et en Allemagne constituent l'axe principa=
l de ce
colloque. La Cit=E9 souhaite privil=E9gier les travaux nouveaux et ceux q=
ui
adoptent dans leur recherche cette dimension comparative. Les populations
=E9tudi=E9es dans le cadre de ce colloque concernent les =E9trangers
(juridiquement ou suppos=E9s comme tels) et les populations d'origine
=E9trang=E8re, les personnes issues de mariages mixtes, mais aussi les r=E9=
fugi=E9s,
les personnes d=E9plac=E9es ou celles qui ont fait l'objet de migrations
forc=E9es.

Le colloque propose de privil=E9gier plusieurs axes th=E9matiques :
- La place de l'immigration dans la construction de la nation ;
- La constitution du =AB nous =BB et son implication sur l'image de =AB l=
'autre =BB
et vice versa ;
- La place de l'image de =AB l'=E9tranger =BB et de la diversit=E9 cultur=
elle dans
les m=E9dias ;
- La repr=E9sentation de =AB l'=E9tranger =BB en temps de crise (guerre, =
occupation,
crise =E9conomique etc.) et les expressions de racisme, discrimination et
x=E9nophobie ;
- Les lois, les politiques publiques et les pratiques administratives
concernant =AB l'=E9tranger =BB ;
- L'auto-d=E9signation des =E9trangers, immigr=E9s et populations d'origi=
ne
=E9trang=E8re et leur participation =E0 l'espace public ;

Les interventions pourront =E9galement analyser avec quels outils th=E9or=
iques
et quelles m=E9thodologies les recherches sont actuellement men=E9es dans=
leur
domaine. Les propositions devront prendre en compte les cat=E9gories des
sciences sociales : genre, =E2ge, origine et religion. Les propositions q=
ui
incluent un travail sur des ressources visuelles seront sp=E9cialement pr=
ises
en consid=E9ration. Les chercheurs et doctorants qui sont d=E9sireux de
participer =E0 ce colloque sont pri=E9s d'envoyer leur proposition avant =
le 30
juin 2007 par mail =E0 la CNHI en fran=E7ais ou en allemand. Cette propos=
ition
comporte une pr=E9sentation de la communication de 1500 signes (250 mots)=
, un
r=E9sum=E9 de leur CV (titre, activit=E9 actuelle, publications significa=
tives en
lien avec le th=E8me du colloque). Les r=E9sultats de la s=E9lection sero=
nt
diffus=E9s avant le 30 juillet 2007.

Contact et envoi des propositions (en format rtf de pr=E9ference) :
marie.poinsot[at]histoire-immigration.fr


-------------------------------------------------------------------------=
---
--

Call for Papers

Kolloquium "Das Bild des "Fremden" in Frankreich und Deutschland : 19. un=
d
20. Jahrhundert"
29. - 30. Novembre 2007 in Stra=DFburg

Wissenschaftliche Leitung : Catherine Wihtol de Wenden (Frankreich) und
Rosmarie Beier-de Haan (Deutschland)

Die Cit=E9 nationale de l'histoire de l'immigration organisiert allj=E4hr=
lich
ein wissenschaftliches Kolloquium im Rahmen ihres k=FCnstlerischen und
kulturellen Programms. Das Kolloquium "Das Bild des "Fremden" in Frankrei=
ch
und Deutschland : 19. und 20. Jahrhundert" (Arbeitstitel) bereitet die
Ausstellung "Etranger - Fremder in Frankreich und Deutschland im 19. und =
20.
Jahrhundert" vor. Die Ausstellung, produziert von der Cit=E9 nationale de
l'histoire
de l'immigration in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Deutschen Historischen Museum,
wird vom 15. Dezember 2008 bis zum 15. April 2009 im Palais de la Porte
Dor=E9e gezeigt, um daraufhin im Laufe des Jahres 2009 in Berlin =FCberno=
mmen zu
werden. Das Kolloquium versteht sich als Plattform f=FCr einen Austausch =
unter
Spezialisten, soll aber alle Partner des deutschfranz=F6sischen Austausch=
s,
insbesondere im Bereich Migration und Integration ansprechen.

Die Cit=E9 nationale de l'histoire de l'immigration organisiert das Kollo=
quium
im Rahmen der 5. Ausgabe des Festivals "Strasbourg - M=E9diterran=E9e", d=
as
dieses Jahr unter dem Motto "Grenzen" steht. Stra=DFburg ist nebenbei ein=
e
emblematische Stadt f=FCr die deutschfranz=F6sischen Beziehungen.
Das Kolloquium verhandelt die Repr=E4sentationen des "Fremden" (Migranten=
,
Ausl=E4nder, Personen mit Migrantionshintergrund, etc.) in Frankreich und
Deutschland, die aus verschiedenen Gr=FCnden lange Zeit die Tatsache
ignorierten, Einwanderungsl=E4nder zu sein. In beiden Gesellschaften stel=
len
der "Fremde" (Migranten, Ausl=E4nder, oder als solche bezeichnete...) ein=
e
wichtige Figur in der =F6ffentlichen Debatte dar, die im Laufe des 19. un=
d 20.
Jahrhunderts immer wieder neu definiert wird. Die Bilder, die die "Fremde=
n"
bezeichnen, die Diskurse, die auf sie gem=FCnzt sind, und die Behandlung,=
die
ihnen angedeiht, ver=E4ndern und formen sich durch Faktoren wie der
Konstruktion der Nation und der nationalen Identit=E4ten, der
Migrationsstr=F6me, der sozialen und =F6konomischen Situation, dem
interreligi=F6sen Dialog und der internationalen Beziehungen der beiden
Staaten. Es wird deutlich, dass der "Fremde" (Migrant, Ausl=E4nder...) ei=
ne
notwendige Bedingung f=FCr die Konstitution des Eigenen ist und umgekehrt=
. Die
immigrierten Gruppen reagieren auf diese ihnen zugedachten Repr=E4sentati=
onen
mit ihrer Eigendefinition, in dem Wunsch, ihre Identit=E4ten sichtbar wer=
den
zu lassen, sie anerkannt zu wissen und am =F6ffentlichen Leben der
Aufnahmegesellschaft teilzunehmen. Die Gesellschaft und ihre Identit=E4te=
n
transformieren sich auf diese Weise kontinuierlich.

Der Vergleich und die Schnittstellen zwischen der Geschichte der
Repr=E4sentationen des "Fremden" in Frankreich und Deutschland bilden die
Hauptachse des Kolloquiums. Die Cit=E9 privilegiert in ihrer Auswahl neue
Arbeiten und Arbeiten die einen komparativen Ansatz vertreten. Die im Rah=
men
des Kolloquiums untersuchten Bev=F6lkerungsgruppen sind Immigranten,
Ausl=E4nder, Personen mit Immigrationshintergrund, Personen aus gemischte=
n
Ehen, aber auch Fl=FCchtlinge, displaced persons oder Personen die von
Zwangsmigrationen betroffen sind.


Das Kolloquium bevorzugt folgende thematische Schwerpunkte:
- Die Rolle der Einwanderung in der Konstruktion der Nationalstaaten;
- Die Konstruktion des "Eigenen" und ihr Einfluss auf das Bild des "Fremd=
en"
und umgekehrt;
- Die Rolle des Bildes vom "Fremden" und der kulturellen Vielfalt in den
Medien;
- Die Repr=E4sentationen des "Fremden" in Krisenzeiten (Krieg, Besetzung,
=F6konomische Krise) und Ausdrucksformen des Rassismus, der Diskriminieru=
ng
und der
Fremdenfeindlichkeit;
- Die Gesetze, die =F6ffentlichen Politiken und die administrativen Prakt=
iken,
die den "Fremden" betreffen;
- Die Eigendefinition des "Fremden" (Immigranten, Personen mit
Migrationshintergrund) und seine Beteiligung im =F6ffentlichen Raum.


Die Vortr=E4ge k=F6nnen ebenfalls auf die aktuelle theoretische Herangehe=
nsweise
und Methodologie in Bezug auf das Thema in den jeweiligen Disziplinen
eingehen. Bei den eingereichten Vorschl=E4gen wird die Betonung der
grundlegenden Kategorien Geschlecht, Alter, Ethnie und Religion als Basis
sozialwissenschaftlicher Arbeit erwartet. Zugleich sind Themenvorschl=E4g=
e,
die sich in besonderem Ma=DFe mit visuellen Quellen auseinandersetzen,
besonders erw=FCnscht.
Die Wissenschaftler und Doktoranten, die an dem Kolloquium teilnehmen
m=F6chten, sind gebeten ihre Expos=E9s (franz=F6sisch oder deutsch) bis z=
um 30.
Juni 2007 per mail an die Cit=E9 nationale de l'histoire de l'immigration=
zu
schicken. Dem Expos=E9 von 1500 Zeichen (250 W=F6rter) ist eine Zusammenf=
assung
des Lebenslaufs (Titel, gegenw=E4rtige Aktivit=E4t, wichtige Ver=F6ffentl=
ichungen
in Zusammenhang mit dem Thema des Kolloquiums) hinzuzuf=FCgen. Das Ergebn=
is
der Auswahl wird bis zum 30. Juli 2007 bekannt gegeben.

Kontakt und Versand des Expos=E9s (vorzugsweise im rtf Format):
Marie.poinsot[at]histoire-immigration.fr
colloque[at]histoire-immigration.fr


--
H-MUSEUM
H-Net Network for Museums and Museum Studies
E-Mail: h-museum[at]h-net.msu.edu
WWW: http://www.h-museum.net

Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: Patrick O'Sullivan
Subject: Correction on Article,
A Transatlantic Commodity: Irish Salt Beef in the French Atlantic
World
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

Thank you to the Ir-D members who have told me that Bertie Mandelblatt =
is a
woman.

I am usually so careful about these things - because the English =
language
has gender specific pronouns... And usually I err on the side of =
caution...

P.O'S.
=20

-----Original Message-----
From: Patrick O'Sullivan [mailto:P.OSullivan[at]bradford.ac.uk]=20
Sent: 04 June 2007 07:27
To: IR-D Jiscmail
Subject: Further on Article, A Transatlantic Commodity: Irish Salt Beef =
in
the French Atlantic World

I thought that Bertie Mandelblatt might like to know that we were =
following
his important and very useful piece of work....

His reply below...

P.O'S.


________________________________________
From: Mandelblatt BR [mailto:B.R.Mandelblatt[at]rhul.ac.uk]=20

Dear Patrick,

I'm really really pleased that this piece is being been read by =
historians
and others studying the history of Irish diaspora/migration. Funnily, =
there
is so much more fascinating primary material related to Irish salt beef =
in
the French Atlantic world and these Irish merchant communities in the
Atlantic port cities. I'm trying to focus on finishing my thesis, and it
keeps pulling me back...

And thanks for the information about Jacobite Studies conference in =
July...
I'll have to give it some thought as my workload this summer is very =
heavy -
the programme however looks v interesting, and the focus of the =
organisation
certainly sits well with the study of the relationship of the Irish
provisions trade to French Caribbean slavery.
=A0
all best,
Bertie

Sender: The Irish Diaspora Studies List
From: Patrick O'Sullivan
Subject: Improbable Medical Review, Injuries of Competitive Irish Dancers
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

This item has turned up in our alerts - I do not have access to the Annals
of Improbable Research.

There is nothing improbable about dancers getting injured - indeed, part of
the skill of all dancers is hiding the pain...

So, I wonder what this is about. The dance researchers might need to know
about this, just so that they can say that they don't need to know about
this...

P.O'S.


Improbable Medical Review

Author: Vanation, Bertha

Source: Annals of Improbable Research, Volume 13, Number 2, March-April
2007, pp. 5-5(1)

Publisher: Improbable Research Inc.


Abstract:
Improbable diagnoses, techniques, and research. TOPICS INCLUDE: Injuries of
Competitive Irish Dancers; Dikshit on Rat Globin; Flaming Redheads, et al.;
Turbulence; New Nose or No, They Know

Keywords: INJURIES; COMPETITIVE IRISH DANCERS; DIKSHIT; RAT GLOBIN; FLAMING
REDHEADS; HAIR; TURBULENCE; NASAL PROFILE; RHINOPLASTY

Document Type: Research article